Bavarian uprising of 1705–1706: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox military conflict |
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{{rough translation|German}} |
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| conflict = Bavarian People's Uprising |
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{{de}} |
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| partof = War of the Spanish Succession |
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| image = [[Image: Munich Sendling Fresco Old Church St Margaret Detail.jpg|250px]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| date = November 1705 - 18 January 1706 |
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| territory = |
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| status = |
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| combatant1 = [[Bavaria]]n Peasants |
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| combatant2 = [[Holy Roman Empire]] |
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| casualties1 = c. 5,100 |
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| casualties2 = c. 40 + a small unknown number |
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}} |
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The '''Bavarian People's |
The '''Bavarian People's Uprising''', or '''Bavarian Popular Uprising''' (German: '''Bayerische Volkserhebung''') is the name of a revolt in 1705-06 against the Austrian occupation during the [[War of Spanish Succession]] (1701-1714). It lasted from early November 1705 to 18 January 1706, approximately 75 days. Henric L. Wuermeling speaks of this as "the first [[revolution]] of modern history." |
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==Background== |
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After the expulsion of [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]] in the Spanish war, Bavaria was occupied by troops of the emperor [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]], and the Bavarian people rose up against the Imperial occupation. [[Henric L. Wuermeling]] speaks of "the first [[revolution]] of modern history." It lasted from early November 1705 to 18 January 1706, approximately 75 days. |
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By the outbreak of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in 1701, [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]] had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as [[Holy Roman Emperors]]. Allying himself with the [[France|French]] against the Habsburgs, his plans were frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the [[Battle of Blenheim]] in 1704. Following his defeat, he evacuated his court to the Netherlands, and left Bavaria to the victorious Austrians. While Bavaria was occupied by troops of the emperor [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]] the Bavarian people rose up against the Imperial occupation. |
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| ⚫ | |||
==The uprising== |
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The best known events is probably the [[Christmas Sendlinger murder]], in the night of 25th December 1705 in [[Sendling]]. The insurgents from the Bavarian Oberland were defeated and completely routed by Emperor Joseph I's troops. The number of deaths on the Bavarian side in this battle is estimated at around 1,100 men, on the other side it is estimated at about 40. Some of the insurgents were killed after they had already surrendered. The battle was preceded by an attempt to take the rebels, the city of [[Munich]].{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} The popular uprising, but also included large areas of [[Lower]] s, the [[Innviertel]] and eastern [[Bavaria]]. In these lands adjoining towns and strongholds were captured by the rebels and the peasant uprising spread to the Bavarian Forest, parts of the Upper Palatinate and Kelheim on the Danube. A [[Braunau Parliament]] meeting was held in December 1705 in the then-Bavarian [[Braunau]]. Only the [[Battle of Aidenbach]] on 8 January 1706 ended with the utter defeat of the insurgents and about 4,000 casualties on the Bavarian side. This led to the collapse of the uprising against Austria. |
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The popular uprising, included large areas of [[Lower Bavaria]], the [[Innviertel]] and eastern [[Bavaria]]. In these lands adjoining towns and strongholds were captured by the rebels and the peasant uprising spread to the Bavarian Forest, parts of the [[Upper Palatinate]] and [[Kelheim]] on the [[Danube]]. A [[Braunau Parliament]] meeting was held in December 1705 in the then-Bavarian [[Braunau]]. |
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Following the initial uprising in November 1705 there was little response from the Austrians for nearly two months. However, this changed following an attempt by the rebels to capture the city of [[Munich]]. Following their unsuccessful attack, in the night of 25 December 1705 an Austrian column encountered the peasant army near [[Sendling]] outside of Munich. This battle was known as the ''Sendlinger Mordweihnacht'' or the ''Sendling [[Christmas Day]] Massacre''. The insurgents from the Bavarian Oberland were defeated and completely routed by Emperor Joseph I's troops. The number of deaths on the Bavarian side in this battle is estimated at around 1,100 men, while the Austrians lost about 40. Some of the insurgents were killed after they had already surrendered. About two weeks later, on 8 January 1706, the [[Battle of Aidenbach]] ended with the utter defeat of the insurgents and about 4,000 casualties on the Bavarian side. This led to the collapse of the uprising against Austria. |
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| ⚫ | On 11 January 1706, a delegation |
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==End of the uprising== |
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| ⚫ | On 11 January 1706, a delegation from the insurrection traveled to [[Salzburg]] for peace negotiations. The delegation included Mayor Dürnhardt, [[Freiherr]] von Paumgarten and von Prielmayr, Mayor Georg Ludwig Harter of [[Burghausen]] and the farmer Franz Nagelstätter. On 13 January 1706 the city of [[Schärding]] surrendered, followed on the 16th by [[Cham (Oberpfalz) | Cham]], on the 17th by Braunau and on the 18th, the last city, [[Burghausen]] surrendered. |
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==References== |
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{{de|Bayerische Volkserhebung}} |
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<!-- ROUGH GERMAN gTRANSLATION, SHIELDING UNTIL CLARIFIED |
<!-- ROUGH GERMAN gTRANSLATION, SHIELDING UNTIL CLARIFIED |
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Revision as of 21:40, 8 January 2010
| Bavarian People's Uprising | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of War of the Spanish Succession | |||||
 The 1705 Slaughter of the Sendling Farmers, detail from the fresco by William Lindenschmit the Elder on the Old Parish Church of St. Margaret. | |||||
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| Belligerents | |||||
| Bavarian Peasants | Holy Roman Empire | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| c. 5,100 | c. 40 + a small unknown number | ||||
The Bavarian People's Uprising, or Bavarian Popular Uprising (German: Bayerische Volkserhebung) is the name of a revolt in 1705-06 against the Austrian occupation during the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714). It lasted from early November 1705 to 18 January 1706, approximately 75 days. Henric L. Wuermeling speaks of this as "the first revolution of modern history."
Background
By the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors. Allying himself with the French against the Habsburgs, his plans were frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Blenheim in 1704. Following his defeat, he evacuated his court to the Netherlands, and left Bavaria to the victorious Austrians. While Bavaria was occupied by troops of the emperor Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor the Bavarian people rose up against the Imperial occupation.
The uprising
The popular uprising, included large areas of Lower Bavaria, the Innviertel and eastern Bavaria. In these lands adjoining towns and strongholds were captured by the rebels and the peasant uprising spread to the Bavarian Forest, parts of the Upper Palatinate and Kelheim on the Danube. A Braunau Parliament meeting was held in December 1705 in the then-Bavarian Braunau.
Following the initial uprising in November 1705 there was little response from the Austrians for nearly two months. However, this changed following an attempt by the rebels to capture the city of Munich. Following their unsuccessful attack, in the night of 25 December 1705 an Austrian column encountered the peasant army near Sendling outside of Munich. This battle was known as the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht or the Sendling Christmas Day Massacre. The insurgents from the Bavarian Oberland were defeated and completely routed by Emperor Joseph I's troops. The number of deaths on the Bavarian side in this battle is estimated at around 1,100 men, while the Austrians lost about 40. Some of the insurgents were killed after they had already surrendered. About two weeks later, on 8 January 1706, the Battle of Aidenbach ended with the utter defeat of the insurgents and about 4,000 casualties on the Bavarian side. This led to the collapse of the uprising against Austria.
End of the uprising
On 11 January 1706, a delegation from the insurrection traveled to Salzburg for peace negotiations. The delegation included Mayor Dürnhardt, Freiherr von Paumgarten and von Prielmayr, Mayor Georg Ludwig Harter of Burghausen and the farmer Franz Nagelstätter. On 13 January 1706 the city of Schärding surrendered, followed on the 16th by Cham, on the 17th by Braunau and on the 18th, the last city, Burghausen surrendered.