Appenzell Wars: Difference between revisions
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The '''Appenzell Wars''' ({{lang-de|Appenzeller Kreige}}) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the [[Appenzell]] region of [[Switzerland]]. The wars were a successful uprising of [[cooperative]] groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of [[St. Gallen]], against the traditional [[medieval]] [[Feudalism|power structure]] represented by the [[House of Habsburg]] and the the [[Prince-Abbot]] of the [[Abbey of St. Gall]]. |
The '''Appenzell Wars''' ({{lang-de|Appenzeller Kreige}}) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the [[Appenzell]] region of [[Switzerland]]. The wars were a successful uprising of [[cooperative]] groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of [[St. Gallen]], against the traditional [[medieval]] [[Feudalism|power structure]] represented by the [[House of Habsburg]] and the the [[Prince-Abbot]] of the [[Abbey of St. Gall]]. |
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==Background== |
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Appenzell, the name in {{lang-la|abbatis cella}} means "cell (i.e. estate) of the [[abbot]], had been under the personal control of the abbot of St. Gall. However, by about 1360, conflicts over rights, taxes, and tithes were causing concern for both parties. Both the abbot and the farmers of Appenzell wanted to protect their rights and interests by joining the new [[Swabian League]]. In 1377 Appenzell was allowed to join the League with the support of the cities of [[Konstanz]] and [[St. Gallen]] (the city of St. Gallen was often at odds with the neighboring Abbey of St. Gall). With the support of League, Appenzell refused to pay many of the gifts and tithes that the Abbot Kuno von Stoffeln demanded. In response to the loss of revenue from his estates, Kuno approached the [[Duke of Austria|Austrian]] [[House of Habsburg]] for help. In 1392 he made an agreement with the Habsburgs, which was renewed in 1402. In response, in 1401 Appenzell entered into an alliance with the city of St. Gallen to protect their rights and freedom<ref name="HDS">{{HLS|8874|Appenzell War}}</ref>. |
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==Outbreak of the war== |
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The treaty between St. Gallen and Appenzell marked a break between the abbot and his estates. Perhaps fearing the Habsburgs, in 1402 the League expelled Appenzell. Appenzell declared itself ready to stand against the abbot, and in 1403 formed an alliance with the [[Canton of Schwyz]], a member of the [[Old Swiss Confederation]] that had defeated the Austrians in the last century. In response, the League [[siege|besieged]] St. Gallen and then marched toward Appenzell. In 1403, the abbot's and the League's troops were defeated by the Appenzell army outside Vögelinsegg. While a peace treaty was then signed at [[Arbon]], it would be short lived. |
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{{HLS|8874|Appenzell War}} |
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==Independence for Appenzell== |
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==References== |
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Revision as of 01:59, 13 December 2008
The Appenzell Wars (German: Appenzeller Kreige) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the Appenzell region of Switzerland. The wars were a successful uprising of cooperative groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of St. Gallen, against the traditional medieval power structure represented by the House of Habsburg and the the Prince-Abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall.
Background
Appenzell, the name in Latin: abbatis cella means "cell (i.e. estate) of the abbot, had been under the personal control of the abbot of St. Gall. However, by about 1360, conflicts over rights, taxes, and tithes were causing concern for both parties. Both the abbot and the farmers of Appenzell wanted to protect their rights and interests by joining the new Swabian League. In 1377 Appenzell was allowed to join the League with the support of the cities of Konstanz and St. Gallen (the city of St. Gallen was often at odds with the neighboring Abbey of St. Gall). With the support of League, Appenzell refused to pay many of the gifts and tithes that the Abbot Kuno von Stoffeln demanded. In response to the loss of revenue from his estates, Kuno approached the Austrian House of Habsburg for help. In 1392 he made an agreement with the Habsburgs, which was renewed in 1402. In response, in 1401 Appenzell entered into an alliance with the city of St. Gallen to protect their rights and freedom[1].
Outbreak of the war
The treaty between St. Gallen and Appenzell marked a break between the abbot and his estates. Perhaps fearing the Habsburgs, in 1402 the League expelled Appenzell. Appenzell declared itself ready to stand against the abbot, and in 1403 formed an alliance with the Canton of Schwyz, a member of the Old Swiss Confederation that had defeated the Austrians in the last century. In response, the League besieged St. Gallen and then marched toward Appenzell. In 1403, the abbot's and the League's troops were defeated by the Appenzell army outside Vögelinsegg. While a peace treaty was then signed at Arbon, it would be short lived.
Independence for Appenzell
References
- ^ Appenzell War in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
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