Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel: Difference between revisions
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==World War I== |
==World War I== |
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===Serbian Front=== |
===Serbian Front=== |
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In August 1914 Field Marshal Lieutenant Scheuchenstuel commanded the Austrian IX. Infantry Division, which was part of General [[Artur Giesl von Gieslingen]]'s VIII. Corps on the [[Serbia|Serbian]] border. Around [[August 12]] three Austrian Armies, including the VIII. Corps, attacked Serbia in what became known as the [[Serbian Campaign (World War I)#1914|First Invasion of Serbia]]. The Austrians were driven back by [[August 24]], with over 50,000 men lost<ref name="Naval History">[http://www.naval-history.net/WW1CampaignsSerbia.htm Naval History.net]</ref>. On [[October 12]], [[1914]] Gieslingen was relieved of duty<ref name="Scheuchenstuel"/> and Scheuchenstuel assumed command of the Austrian VIII. Corps. |
In August 1914 Field Marshal Lieutenant Scheuchenstuel commanded the Austrian IX. Infantry Division, which was part of General [[Artur Giesl von Gieslingen]]'s VIII. Corps on the [[Serbia|Serbian]] border. Around [[August 12]] three Austrian Armies, including the VIII. Corps, attacked Serbia in what became known as the [[Serbian Campaign (World War I)#1914|First Invasion of Serbia]]. The Austrians were driven back by [[August 24]], with over 50,000 men lost<ref name="Naval History Serbia">[http://www.naval-history.net/WW1CampaignsSerbia.htm Naval History.net Serbian Campaign]</ref>. On [[October 12]], [[1914]] Gieslingen was relieved of duty<ref name="Scheuchenstuel"/> and Scheuchenstuel assumed command of the Austrian VIII. Corps. |
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In mid-November Scheuchenstuel's VIII. Corps joined [[Oskar Potiorek|General Potiorek's]] V. Army in the invasion of [[Mačva]] in Northern Serbia. Scheuchenstuel advanced through Serbia reaching [[Belgrade]], abandoned by [[Radomir Putnik|Serbian Marshal Putnik]], on [[December 1]]. Once Putnik resupplied, he counter-attacked and drove the Austrian army back. By [[December 16]] the VIII. Corps was back across the [[Danube]] and out of Belgrade. |
In mid-November Scheuchenstuel's VIII. Corps joined [[Oskar Potiorek|General Potiorek's]] V. Army in the invasion of [[Mačva]] in Northern Serbia. Scheuchenstuel advanced through Serbia reaching [[Belgrade]], abandoned by [[Radomir Putnik|Serbian Marshal Putnik]], on [[December 1]]. Once Putnik resupplied, he counter-attacked and drove the Austrian army back. By [[December 16]] the VIII. Corps was back across the [[Danube]] and out of Belgrade. |
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===Albanian Front=== |
===Albanian Front=== |
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On [[January 25]], [[1916]] the Austro-Hungarian Army attacked [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] which quickly surrendered. The army then moved down into the Italian controlled [[Principality of Albania|Albania]], which fell to the Austrians by the end of winter. The Serbian Army made a fighting retreat over the [[Geography of Albania#terrain|Albanian coastal mountains]]. Once they reached the coast, the [[Regia Marina|Italian]] and [[French Navy#20th century|French Navies]] evacuated the Serbian Army. By [[February 26]], [[1916]] nearly all of Albania was under Austrian control<ref name="Naval History"/>. |
On [[January 25]], [[1916]] the Austro-Hungarian Army attacked [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] which quickly surrendered. The army then moved down into the Italian controlled [[Principality of Albania|Albania]], which fell to the Austrians by the end of winter. The Serbian Army made a fighting retreat over the [[Geography of Albania#terrain|Albanian coastal mountains]]. Once they reached the coast, the [[Regia Marina|Italian]] and [[French Navy#20th century|French Navies]] evacuated the Serbian Army. By [[February 26]], [[1916]] nearly all of Albania was under Austrian control<ref name="Naval History Serbia"/>. |
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===Italian Front=== |
===Italian Front=== |
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On [[May 23]], [[1915]] Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, however the Italian front quickly became a stalemate as the [[Battles of the Isonzo]] led to heavy casualities on both sides without any major territorial gains<ref name="Naval History Italy">[http://www.naval-history.net/WW1CampaignsItaly.htm Naval History.net Italian Campaign]</ref>. In an attempt to break the stalemate, on [[May 15]], [[1916]] ''Army Group Archduke Eugen'' under the command of the [[Archduke Eugen of Austria]] attacked into the [[Trentino]] area in Italy. Scheuchenstuel's VIII. Korps was included as part of the XI. Army which formed half of the Army Group. Initally the attacks, which became known as the [[Battle of Asiago]], were successful. The Austrian army is able to open a 5 mile wide and 12 mile deep gap in the Italian lines<ref name="Naval History Italy"/>. However, by [[June 10]], 1916 the attack had stalled. Following the effective Russian [[Brusilov Offensive]] the Austrian attack stops completely. By the end of June the Austrians are back where they started, and the VIII. Korps is transferred to the [[Romania]]n Front. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 04:51, 3 June 2008
Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel (May 10 1857 – April 17, 1938) was a Colonel General in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was a general staff officer and division commander until World War I broke out. During World War I he was a Corps and Army commander serving in Serbia, Albania and Italy. During World War I he was promoted to Graf (equivalent to a Count) in the Austrian nobility. Following the end of World War I and the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Scheuchenstuel retired from the military. He died in Vienna.
Before World War I
Scheuchenstuel was born in Witkowitz, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic). In 1874 he attended Pioneer Cadet School in Hainburg [1] in Austria. He served as a Lieutenant and Oberleutnant in the Pioneers until 1884 when he attended a military academy in Vienna. Following graduation in 1886 Scheuchenstuel joined the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. In 1903 he commanded the Austro-Hungarian L. Infantry Regiment. Following a promotion to Major General in 1907 he commanded the LXIX. Infantry Brigade, the VIII. Mountain Brigade and the X. Infantry Division. In 1911 he was promoted to Field Marshal Lieutenant and in 1912 took over the IX. Infantry Division.
World War I
Serbian Front
In August 1914 Field Marshal Lieutenant Scheuchenstuel commanded the Austrian IX. Infantry Division, which was part of General Artur Giesl von Gieslingen's VIII. Corps on the Serbian border. Around August 12 three Austrian Armies, including the VIII. Corps, attacked Serbia in what became known as the First Invasion of Serbia. The Austrians were driven back by August 24, with over 50,000 men lost[2]. On October 12, 1914 Gieslingen was relieved of duty[1] and Scheuchenstuel assumed command of the Austrian VIII. Corps.
In mid-November Scheuchenstuel's VIII. Corps joined General Potiorek's V. Army in the invasion of Mačva in Northern Serbia. Scheuchenstuel advanced through Serbia reaching Belgrade, abandoned by Serbian Marshal Putnik, on December 1. Once Putnik resupplied, he counter-attacked and drove the Austrian army back. By December 16 the VIII. Corps was back across the Danube and out of Belgrade.
Throughout most of 1915 Scheuchenstuel was involved in battles along the Serbian front. Finally in October 1915, his VIII. Corps was included in Field Marshal von Macksensen's Army for the Conquest of Serbia. The Central Powers Army under Mackensen was able to crush the Serbian Army, and by December 1915 the VIII. Corps was part of General Kövesshaza's III. Army on the Albanian Front.
Albanian Front
On January 25, 1916 the Austro-Hungarian Army attacked Montenegro which quickly surrendered. The army then moved down into the Italian controlled Albania, which fell to the Austrians by the end of winter. The Serbian Army made a fighting retreat over the Albanian coastal mountains. Once they reached the coast, the Italian and French Navies evacuated the Serbian Army. By February 26, 1916 nearly all of Albania was under Austrian control[2].
Italian Front
On May 23, 1915 Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, however the Italian front quickly became a stalemate as the Battles of the Isonzo led to heavy casualities on both sides without any major territorial gains[3]. In an attempt to break the stalemate, on May 15, 1916 Army Group Archduke Eugen under the command of the Archduke Eugen of Austria attacked into the Trentino area in Italy. Scheuchenstuel's VIII. Korps was included as part of the XI. Army which formed half of the Army Group. Initally the attacks, which became known as the Battle of Asiago, were successful. The Austrian army is able to open a 5 mile wide and 12 mile deep gap in the Italian lines[3]. However, by June 10, 1916 the attack had stalled. Following the effective Russian Brusilov Offensive the Austrian attack stops completely. By the end of June the Austrians are back where they started, and the VIII. Korps is transferred to the Romanian Front.
References
- ^ a b Stefanovics, Glenn, Solving Problems Through Force, retrieved 2008-06-02