Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan: Difference between revisions

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{{Same-sex unions}}
{{Same-sex unions}}


[[Japan]] does not recognize [[same-sex marriage]]s or [[civil union]]s. It is the only country in the [[Group of Seven|G7]] that does not legally recognize same-sex unions in any form.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/30/japans-love-hotels-accused-of-anti-gay-discrimination |title=Japan's 'love hotels' accused of anti-gay discrimination |author=Justin McCurry |agency=The Guardian |date=2020-10-30}}</ref> Several [[Municipalities of Japan|municipalities]] and [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]]s issue same-sex partnership certificates, which provide some benefits, but do not offer equal legal recognition.<ref name="Setagaya"/><ref name="Iga"/> Most polls conducted since 2013 have found that a majority of Japanese people support the legalization of same-sex marriage or partnerships,<ref name="Bloomberg"/><ref name="cfr"/> and a 2018 poll found it supported by an overwhelming majority of those under age 60.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/27/world/asia/japan-gay-marriage.html|title=Japan's Support for Gay Marriage Is Soaring. But Can It Become Law?|last=Dooley|first=Ben|date=2019-11-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-11-28|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Politically, the [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan]], the [[Japanese Communist Party]], the [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Social Democratic Party]], [[Reiwa Shinsengumi]],<ref name="parties1"/> and [[Komeito]] support legalizing same-sex marriage.<ref name="parties"/> [[Nippon Ishin no Kai]] also supports legalizing same-sex marriage, but believes a [[constitutional amendment]] is necessary to legalize it.<ref name="parties"/> However, the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]], which has been in power almost continuously since 1958, remains opposed to it.<ref name="parties2">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/same-sex-marriage-parliament-meeting_jp_5dd39b51e4b0d6f02fa481b6|title=「同性婚は右、左の問題じゃない」同性婚を求める当事者と国会議員。政党や思想を超えて一堂に会した|website=HuffPost|date=20 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
[[Japan]] does not recognize [[same-sex marriage]]s or [[civil union]]s. It is the only country in the [[Group of Seven|G7]] that does not legally recognize same-sex unions in any form.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/30/japans-love-hotels-accused-of-anti-gay-discrimination |title=Japan's 'love hotels' accused of anti-gay discrimination |author=Justin McCurry |agency=The Guardian |date=2020-10-30}}</ref> Several [[Municipalities of Japan|municipalities]] and [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]]s issue same-sex partnership certificates, which provide some benefits, but do not offer equal legal recognition.<ref name="Setagaya">{{cite web |date=31 July 2015 |title=Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships |url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/07/31/tokyos-setagaya-ward-to-begin-legally-recognizing-same-sex-partnerships/ |publisher=Rocket News 24}}</ref><ref name="Iga">{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |date=December 26, 2015 |title=Another Japanese city to recognise same-sex relationships |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/12/26/another-japanese-city-to-recognise-same-sex-relationships/ |access-date=December 26, 2015 |publisher=Pink News}}</ref> Most polls conducted since 2013 have found that a majority of Japanese people support the legalization of same-sex marriage or partnerships,<ref name="Bloomberg"/><ref name="cfr">{{cite web |date=30 March 2021 |title=Japanese Court Puts Same-Sex Marriage on the Nation's Agenda |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/japanese-court-puts-same-sex-marriage-nations-agenda |website=www.cfr.org}}</ref> and a 2018 poll found it supported by an overwhelming majority of those under age 60.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/27/world/asia/japan-gay-marriage.html|title=Japan's Support for Gay Marriage Is Soaring. But Can It Become Law?|last=Dooley|first=Ben|date=2019-11-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-11-28|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Politically, the [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan]], the [[Japanese Communist Party]], the [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Social Democratic Party]], [[Reiwa Shinsengumi]],<ref name="parties1"/> and [[Komeito]] support legalizing same-sex marriage.<ref name="parties"/> [[Nippon Ishin no Kai]] also supports legalizing same-sex marriage, but believes a [[constitutional amendment]] is necessary to legalize it.<ref name="parties"/> However, the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]], which has been in power almost continuously since 1958, remains opposed to it.<ref name="parties2">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/same-sex-marriage-parliament-meeting_jp_5dd39b51e4b0d6f02fa481b6|title=「同性婚は右、左の問題じゃない」同性婚を求める当事者と国会議員。政党や思想を超えて一堂に会した|website=HuffPost|date=20 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>


On 20 June 2022, a [[Judicial system of Japan|district court]] in [[Osaka]] upheld the constitutionality of the same-sex marriage ban.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magramo |first1=Kathleen |last2=Engels |first2=Jorge |last3=Ogura |first3=Junko |date=21 June 2022 |title=Japanese court upholds ban on same-sex marriage |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/21/asia/japan-same-sex-marriage-ban-gay-rights-court-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=CNN}}</ref> Previously, on 17 March 2021, a district court in [[Sapporo]] had ruled it unconstitutional, arguing that laws or regulations that deprive same-sex couples of the legal benefits of [[marriage]] constitute "discriminatory treatment without a rational basis" and as such violate Article 14 of the [[Constitution of Japan]]. The Sapporo court also ruled that Article 24 of the Constitution, which defines marriage as "based only on the mutual consent of both sexes", does not prohibit the recognition of same-sex marriages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/17/978148301/in-landmark-ruling-court-says-japans-ban-on-same-sex-marriage-is-unconstitutiona|title=In Landmark Ruling, Court Says Japan's Ban On Same-Sex Marriage Is Unconstitutional|website=National Public Radio|date=17 March 2021}}</ref> In May 2023, a district court in [[Nagoya]] ruled the same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional. While the Sapporo and Nagoya rulings did not legalise same-sex marriage in Japan, it is anticipated that they may pressure the [[National Diet]] to act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/17/world/asia/japan-gay-marriage.html|title=Landmark Ruling Cracks Door Open for Same-Sex Marriage in Japan|work=The New York Times|date=March 17, 2021|location=Tokyo}}</ref> In June 2023, the Fukuoka court ruled that the ban was constitutional.<ref name=Reuters20230608/>
On 20 June 2022, a [[Judicial system of Japan|district court]] in [[Osaka]] upheld the constitutionality of the same-sex marriage ban.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magramo |first1=Kathleen |last2=Engels |first2=Jorge |last3=Ogura |first3=Junko |date=21 June 2022 |title=Japanese court upholds ban on same-sex marriage |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/21/asia/japan-same-sex-marriage-ban-gay-rights-court-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=CNN}}</ref> Previously, on 17 March 2021, a district court in [[Sapporo]] had ruled it unconstitutional, arguing that laws or regulations that deprive same-sex couples of the legal benefits of [[marriage]] constitute "discriminatory treatment without a rational basis" and as such violate Article 14 of the [[Constitution of Japan]]. The Sapporo court also ruled that Article 24 of the Constitution, which defines marriage as "based only on the mutual consent of both sexes", does not prohibit the recognition of same-sex marriages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/17/978148301/in-landmark-ruling-court-says-japans-ban-on-same-sex-marriage-is-unconstitutiona|title=In Landmark Ruling, Court Says Japan's Ban On Same-Sex Marriage Is Unconstitutional|website=National Public Radio|date=17 March 2021}}</ref> In May 2023, a district court in [[Nagoya]] ruled the same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional. While the Sapporo and Nagoya rulings did not legalise same-sex marriage in Japan, it is anticipated that they may pressure the [[National Diet]] to act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/17/world/asia/japan-gay-marriage.html|title=Landmark Ruling Cracks Door Open for Same-Sex Marriage in Japan|work=The New York Times|date=March 17, 2021|location=Tokyo}}</ref> In June 2023, the Fukuoka court ruled that the ban was constitutional.<ref name=Reuters20230608/>


==Partnership certification system==
==Partnership certification system==
{{Main|Partnership oath in Japan}}
[[File:Japanese municipalities with partnership certificates.png|thumb|left|300px|Map of Japanese subdivisions that issue partnership certificates to same-sex couples.
[[File:Japanese municipalities with partnership certificates.png|thumb|left|300px|Map of Japanese subdivisions that issue partnership certificates to same-sex couples.
{{legend|#3f48cc|Issues partnership certificates to same-sex couples}}]]As of 1 November 2023, 344 [[Municipalities of Japan|municipalities]] and nineteen [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]] have established a "partnership oath system" ({{lang-ja|パートナーシップ宣誓制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu sensei seido}}'', {{IPA|ja|paːtonaːɕi̥ppɯ seɰ̃seː seꜜːdo|pron}}), also known as "partnership certification system" ({{lang|ja|パートナーシップ証明制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu shōmei seido}}''), which provides same-sex couples with some limited benefits. The couple is issued a special certificate which may be useful in matters such as [[Right to housing|housing]], hospital visitation rights and consenting to surgery for a partner.<ref name="Setagaya2">{{cite web |date=31 July 2015 |title=Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships |url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/07/31/tokyos-setagaya-ward-to-begin-legally-recognizing-same-sex-partnerships/ |publisher=Rocket News 24}}</ref><ref name="Iga2">{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |date=December 26, 2015 |title=Another Japanese city to recognise same-sex relationships |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/12/26/another-japanese-city-to-recognise-same-sex-relationships/ |access-date=December 26, 2015 |publisher=Pink News}}</ref> However, the system is not legally binding and there is no legal obligation on [[Landlord|landlords]] or [[Hospital|hospitals]] to honour the couples' rights even if presented with a certificate, though cities have encouraged companies, hospitals and landlords to recognize the certificate.<ref name="cfr2">{{cite web |date=30 March 2021 |title=Japanese Court Puts Same-Sex Marriage on the Nation's Agenda |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/japanese-court-puts-same-sex-marriage-nations-agenda |website=www.cfr.org}}</ref> The various benefits provided by the system are also very limited in comparison to those granted to married couples; same-sex couples cannot [[Inheritance|inherit]] the estate and property of a deceased partner or attend the [[funeral]] of a deceased partner for instance. Partners must meet certain requirements, including living in the municipality or prefecture, being older than 20 years of age, and not having a spouse or another partner. Several jurisdictions have also established a "partnership familyship system" ({{lang|ja|パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu famirīshippu seido}}''), which also recognises the children and in-laws of same-sex couples, and allows partners to make medical decisions for their child, and to pick up their children at schools and kindergartens (whereas previously only the biological parent was allowed to pick up the child). Some registries have also been extended to opposite-sex couples who do not wish to be married.
{{legend|#3f48cc|Issues partnership certificates to same-sex couples}}]]


The [[Tokyo]] ward of [[Shibuya]] became the first municipality to create such a registry on 1 April 2015,<ref>{{cite news |author=Master Blaster |title=Japan government hard at work trying to prevent Shibuya Ward approving same-sex marriages |publisher=Rocket News 24 |url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/03/26/japan-government-hard-at-work-trying-to-thwart-shibuya-wards-move-to-approve-same-sex-marriages/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 May 2015 |title=The First Place In East Asia To Welcome Same-Sex Marriage |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/05/11/404822093/the-first-place-in-east-asia-to-welcome-same-sex-marriage |access-date=30 June 2015 |work=NPR.org}}</ref> and [[Ibaraki Prefecture]] became the first prefecture to do so in January 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=茨城県がパートナーシップ制度導入を検討 LGBTなど対象 都道府県初 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190129/k00/00m/040/233000c |publisher=Mainichi Shimbun |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |script-title=ja:茨城県が「パートナーシップ制度」導入めざす 都道府県で初めて、同性カップルの権利後押し |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2019/01/29/ibraki-partnership_a_23656425/?ncid=tweetlnkjphpmg00000001 |publisher=HuffPost Japan |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2019 |title=Ibaraki to consider LGBT rights bill |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005514889 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013226/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005514889 |archive-date=1 February 2019 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=The Japan News}}</ref> In January 2021, [[Akashi, Hyōgo]] became the first jurisdiction to extend their registry to the children and/or relatives of a partnered couple.
As of 1 November 2023, 344 [[Municipalities of Japan|municipalities]] and nineteen [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]]s have established a "partnership oath system" ({{lang-ja|パートナーシップ宣誓制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu sensei seido}}'', {{IPA|ja|paːtonaːɕi̥ppɯ seɰ̃seː seꜜːdo|pron}}), also known as "partnership certification system" ({{lang|ja|パートナーシップ証明制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu shōmei seido}}''), which provides same-sex couples with some limited benefits. The couple is issued a special certificate which may be useful in matters such as [[Right to housing|housing]], hospital visitation rights and consenting to surgery for a partner.<ref name="Setagaya"/><ref name="Iga"/> However, the system is not legally binding and there is no legal obligation on [[landlord]]s or [[hospital]]s to honour the couples' rights even if presented with a certificate, though cities have encouraged companies, hospitals and landlords to recognize the certificate.<ref name="cfr">{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/japanese-court-puts-same-sex-marriage-nations-agenda|title=Japanese Court Puts Same-Sex Marriage on the Nation's Agenda|website=www.cfr.org|date=30 March 2021}}</ref> The various benefits provided by the system are also very limited in comparison to those granted to married couples; same-sex couples cannot [[Inheritance|inherit]] the estate and property of a deceased partner or attend the [[funeral]] of a deceased partner for instance. Partners must meet certain requirements, including living in the municipality or prefecture, being older than 20 years of age, and not having a spouse or another partner.


Since 2019, numerous municipalities and prefectures have also established mutual recognition of each others' registries in order to reduce bureaucratic barriers between jurisdictions.
=== Municipal partnership systems ===
[[File:Japan-partnership_registries_by_prefecture.svg|thumb|Map of Japan showing which prefectures have legalized same-sex partnership registries. Pink prefectures have active registries. Blue prefectures have passed legislation to create registries, but they are not yet in effect. Green prefectures do not have a prefecture-wide system, but all municipalities within have registries. Yellow prefectures recognize their own municipalities' partnership registries without having a prefecture-level registry.]]
On April 1, 2015, [[Shibuya]] in central [[Tokyo]] announced it would offer same-sex couples special "partnership certificates". While these licenses are not legally recognized as marriage certificates, they may be used in civil matters such as hospital visitation rights and housing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/03/26/japan-government-hard-at-work-trying-to-thwart-shibuya-wards-move-to-approve-same-sex-marriages/|title=Japan government hard at work trying to prevent Shibuya Ward approving same-sex marriages|author=Master Blaster|publisher=Rocket News 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/05/11/404822093/the-first-place-in-east-asia-to-welcome-same-sex-marriage|title=The First Place In East Asia To Welcome Same-Sex Marriage|date=11 May 2015|work=NPR.org|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> The Shibuya city office began accepting applications on 28 October 2015.<ref name="first">{{cite web |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/05/national/social-issues/shibuya-set-issue-first-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/ |title=Tokyo's Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers |website=The Japan Times |date=5 November 2015 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> In response to this action by the Shibuya city office, the "Special Committee to Protect Family Ties" ({{lang|ja|家族の絆を守る特命委員会}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|kazoku no kizuna wo mamoru tokumei iinkai}}'') of the federal ruling [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] was formed in March 2015 to discuss the matter. An officer from the [[Ministry of Justice (Japan)|Ministry of Justice]] who was invited to comment stated that the action by Shibuya is legal because the certificate issued is not a marriage certificate and the current Japanese legal code does not prohibit the "partnership" of same-sex couples.<ref>{{cite news|last1=二階堂|first1=友紀|title=渋谷区の「同性婚」条例案、自民内から異論相次ぐ|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASH3T5Q0KH3TUTFK00Y.html|access-date=26 March 2015|publisher=朝日新聞社|date=26 March 2015|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515163734/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASH3T5Q0KH3TUTFK00Y.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In July 2015, [[Setagaya]] announced it would be joining Shibuya in issuing partnership certificates from 5 November.<ref name="Setagaya">{{cite web|url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/07/31/tokyos-setagaya-ward-to-begin-legally-recognizing-same-sex-partnerships/ |title=Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships |publisher=Rocket News 24 |date=31 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/tokyos-setagaya-ward-to-begin-legally-recognizing-same-sex-partnerships |title=Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships|publisher=[[Japan Today]]|date= 31 July 2015|access-date=30 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="first" /> In November 2015, the [[Special cities of Japan|special city]] of [[Takarazuka, Hyōgo|Takarazuka]] announced it would issue partnership certificates to same-sex couples beginning on 1 June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |author=Wee, Darren |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/takarazuka-first-city-in-japans-kansai-region-to-certify-gay-couples/ |title=Takarazuka first city in Japan's Kansai region to certify gay couples |publisher=Gay Star News |date=December 1, 2015 |access-date=January 9, 2017 |archive-date=July 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052952/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/takarazuka-first-city-in-japans-kansai-region-to-certify-gay-couples/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2016/06/01/takarazuka-becomes-fourth-japanese-municipality-to-recognize-same-sex-partnerships/ |title=Takarazuka becomes fourth Japanese municipality to recognize same-sex partnerships |publisher=RocketNews24 |date=1 June 2016}}</ref> In December 2015, the city of [[Iga, Mie|Iga]] in [[Mie Prefecture]] made a similar announcement, with certificates starting on 1 April 2016,<ref name="Iga">{{cite web|last=Williams |first=Joe |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/12/26/another-japanese-city-to-recognise-same-sex-relationships/|title=Another Japanese city to recognise same-sex relationships |publisher=Pink News|date=December 26, 2015|access-date=December 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201603010007 |author=Masanori, Hiuchi |title=City in Mie Prefecture to recognize same-sex partnerships in April |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |date=1 March 2016 |access-date=2016-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302100844/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201603010007 |archive-date=2016-03-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/02/17/national/social-issues/third-japanese-city-recognizes-sex-unions/ |title=Third Japanese municipality recognizes same-sex unions |website=The Japan Times |date=February 17, 2016 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> and on 22 February 2016, [[Naha]], the capital of [[Okinawa Prefecture]], announced it would begin issuing partnership certificates to same-sex couples on 8 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/08/national/naha-ready-certify-sex-marriages/ |title=Naha starts system to certify same-sex marriages |publisher=[[The Japan Times]] |date=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2016/07/07/okinawas-capital-city-naha-officially-recognizes-same-sex-partnerships/ |author=Wilson, Scott |title=Okinawa's capital city Naha officially recognizes same-sex partnerships |publisher=RocketNews24 |date=7 July 2016}}</ref>

In April 2016, an LGBT rights group began a campaign for the official recognition of same-sex couples in [[Sapporo]], the capital of [[Hokkaido|Hokkaido Prefecture]]. The group took its petition to the Sapporo City Government in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201604080063.html |author=Sekine, Kazuhiro |title=Sapporo LGBT activists to take fight for equality to city officials |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |date=8 April 2016}}</ref> In December 2016, officials announced that Sapporo planned to draw up guidelines by March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/12/22/national/sapporo-join-cities-recognizing-sex-partnerships-marriages/ |title=Sapporo to join other cities in recognizing same-sex partnerships as marriages |website=The Japan Times |date=22 December 2016 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> In March, the City Government announced that partnership certificates would be issued to couples beginning on 1 June 2017. While the certificates hold no legal meaning, some insurance companies use them to allow same-sex partners to be added as beneficiaries. According to the city, about 1,500 people expressed opinions welcoming the program, while some opposed it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/03/21/national/social-issues/sapporo-become-first-major-city-recognize-lgbt-couples-june/ |title=Sapporo to become first major city to recognize LGBT couples in June |website=The Japan Times |date=21 March 2017 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/news/66344/sapporo-become-japans-first-major-city-recognise-sex-relationships/ |title=Sapporo will be Japan's first major city to recognise same-sex relationships |website=Gay Times |date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322202154/http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/news/66344/sapporo-become-japans-first-major-city-recognise-sex-relationships/ |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> Sapporo became the first [[Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan|designated city]] in Japan to establish a partnership system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/01/national/sapporo-first-major-city-japan-issue-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/ |title=Sapporo first major city in Japan to issue certificates recognizing same-sex couples |website=The Japan Times |date=June 2017 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> On 14 February 2018, the [[Fukuoka]] city office announced plans to start issuing partnership certificates to same-sex and different-sex couples from 2 April 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/02/14/national/social-issues/fukuoka-city-become-japans-seventh-municipality-recognize-lgbt-couples/ |title=Fukuoka city to become Japan's seventh municipality to recognize LGBT couples |publisher=The Japan Times |date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/04/02/national/fukuoka-begins-official-recognition-lgbt-partnerships/ |title=Fukuoka begins official recognition of LGBT partnerships |publisher=The Japan Times |date=April 2, 2018}}</ref> [[Osaka]] followed suit on 9 July 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2018/06/42675a24bff7-osaka-to-start-recognizing-lgbt-couples-from-july.html|title=Osaka to start recognizing LGBT couples from July|publisher=Kyodo News|date=28 June 2018}}</ref> and [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] on 29 January 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/25/national/social-issues/city-chiba-issue-partnership-certificates-sex-common-law-couples/|title=Chiba to issue nonbinding certificates recognizing same-sex and common-law couples|publisher=The Japan Times|date=25 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/01/5f12f87916de-chiba-1st-japanese-city-to-recognize-lgbt-couples-common-law-marriage.html|title=Chiba 1st Japan city to certify both common-law marriage and LGBT couples|publisher=Kyodo News|date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20190130-00010003-chibatopi-socc|script-title=ja:「世間の価値観変えたい」 千葉市パートナーシップ宣誓制度施行 市民や事業者にも理解を|publisher=Yahoo! Japan|date=30 January 2019|language=ja}}</ref> [[Nakano, Tokyo|Nakano]] began offering partnership certificates on 20 August 2018. Couples can receive notarized documentation recognizing a delegation agreement for medical treatment and nursing care, property management and other areas in which married couples share responsibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180510/p2a/00m/0na/016000c|title=Tokyo's Nakano Ward to offer partnership certificates to same-sex couples this summer|newspaper=Mainichi Daily News|publisher=The Mainichi|date=10 May 2018}}</ref>

The number of cities which have established a partnership registry has steadily increased in the years since. 21 cities established a same-sex partnership system in 2019, notably [[Kitakyushu]],<ref name="kitakyushu" /> [[Kumamoto]],<ref name="kumamoto" /> [[Miyazaki (city)|Miyazaki]],<ref name="miyazaki" /> [[Nagasaki]],<ref name="nagasaki" /> [[Sakai]],<ref name="sakai" /> [[Yokohama]],<ref name="yokohama" /> and [[Yokosuka]].<ref name="yokosuka" /> 36 more cities followed suit in 2020, including [[Hamamatsu]],<ref name="hamamatsu" /> [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]],<ref name="kawasaki" /> [[Kyoto]],<ref name="kyoto" /> [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]],<ref name="minato" /> [[Nara (city)|Nara]],<ref name="nara" /> [[Niigata (city)|Niigata]],<ref name="niigata" /> [[Okayama]],<ref name="okayama" /> [[Sagamihara]],<ref name="sagamihara" /> [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]],<ref name="saitama1" /> and [[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu]].<ref name="takamatsu" /> 69 more cities followed in 2021, notably [[Adachi, Tokyo|Adachi]],<ref name="adachi" /> [[Chigasaki, Kanagawa|Chigasaki]],<ref name="chigasaki" /> [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]],<ref name="fujisawa" /> [[Funabashi]], [[Hiroshima]],<ref name="hiroshima" /> [[Kanazawa]],<ref name="kanazawa" /> [[Kōchi (city)|Kōchi]],<ref name="kochi" /> [[Koshigaya]],<ref name="koshigaya" /> [[Nishinomiya]],<ref name="nishinomiya" /> and [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]].<ref name="toyota" /> 107 cities established a partnership system in 2022, including [[Akita (city)|Akita]], [[Kagoshima]], [[Nagano (city)|Nagano]], [[Nagoya]], and [[Shizuoka (city)|Shizuoka]]. On 1 April 2023, Kagawa became the first prefecture in which all municipalities had created their own registries, despite lacking a prefecture-wide registry;<ref>{{Cite web |title=香川の全市町、パートナーシップ制度導入完了 「当事者どこにでも」 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230331/k00/00m/040/036000c |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=毎日新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Kanagawa became the second by 1 July 2023.

=== Prefectural partnership systems ===
[[File:Japan-partnership registries by prefecture.svg|thumb|Map of Japan showing which prefectures have legalized same-sex partnership registries. Pink prefectures have active registries. Blue prefectures have passed legislation to create registries, but they are not yet in effect. Green prefectures do not have a prefecture-wide system, but all municipalities within have registries. Yellow prefectures recognize their own municipalities' partnership registries without having a prefecture-level registry. ]]
In January 2019, the Government of [[Ibaraki Prefecture]] announced it was considering introducing a partnership system for same-sex couples in April 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190129/k00/00m/040/233000c|title=茨城県がパートナーシップ制度導入を検討 LGBTなど対象 都道府県初|publisher=Mainichi Shimbun|date=30 January 2019|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2019/01/29/ibraki-partnership_a_23656425/?ncid=tweetlnkjphpmg00000001|script-title=ja:茨城県が「パートナーシップ制度」導入めざす 都道府県で初めて、同性カップルの権利後押し|publisher=HuffPost Japan|date=30 January 2019|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005514889|title=Ibaraki to consider LGBT rights bill|publisher=The Japan News|date=31 January 2019|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=1 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013226/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0005514889|url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2019, Governor [[Kazuhiko Ōigawa]] expressed his personal support for the introduction of such a scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sankei.com/life/news/190325/lif1903250028-n1.html|script-title=ja:パートナーシップ導入へ条例改正案可決 茨城県議会|language=ja|date=25 March 2019|website=The Sankei News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330072235/https://www.sankei.com/life/news/190325/lif1903250028-n1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly]] began examing legislation to this effect in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO45785220W9A600C1L60000/|title=LGBTパートナー制度など報告書案 茨城県の勉強会|website=Nikkei Asian Review|date=6 June 2019|language=ja}}</ref> The prefecture has offered partnership certificates since July 1, 2019, which made it the first prefecture to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/in-a-first-entire-prefecture-in-japan-will-register-same-sex-partnerships/|title=In a first, entire prefecture in Japan will register same-sex partnerships|work=Gay Star News|date=24 June 2019|last=Glauert|first=Rik|access-date=24 June 2019|archive-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730160617/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/in-a-first-entire-prefecture-in-japan-will-register-same-sex-partnerships/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190701/k00/00m/010/263000c|title=茨城県が「パートナーシップ宣誓」受け付け開始 都道府県で初|work=Mainichi Shimbun|date=1 July 2019|language=ja}}</ref> Eight days later, [[Mito, Ibaraki|Mito]], the prefectural capital, announced that couples who are in the possession of the prefecture's certificates would be eligible to move into the municipality's public housing facilities, starting in August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/ibaraki/news/20190709-OYTNT50113/|title=同性カップル市営住宅ＯＫ 水戸市が方針 県の宣誓制度で : 地域|date=9 July 2019|website=Yomiuri Shimbun|language=ja|access-date=2019-07-10|archive-date=2019-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710133037/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/ibaraki/news/20190709-OYTNT50113/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 15 January 2020, [[Osaka Prefecture]] announced it would start a partnership system on January 22.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/hodo/index.php?site=fumin&pageId=36951|title=「大阪府パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度」を開始します|website=大阪府|language=ja|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119043141/http://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/hodo/index.php?site=fumin&pageId=36951|url-status=dead}}</ref> Governor [[Hirofumi Yoshimura]] said in a statement that "we should aim for a society where one can live as themselves". The first couple to receive a certificate were Shuji Yamada and Shigeo Hiruda on 31 January. The certificate allows couples to apply to move into prefectural housing and consent to surgery, among other limited benefits. Five cities in Osaka had already established such a system before it was extended to the entire prefecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2020/2/1.html|title=大阪府で同性パートナーシップ証明制度がスタート、第1号のゲイカップル「いつか法的権利を」|website=OutJapan|date=1 February 2020|language=ja}}</ref> [[Gunma Prefecture]] announced on 5 November 2020 that it would introduce a partnership system by the end of the year. The system would provide same-sex couples with some limited recognition, including the right to move into prefectural housing and visit each other in hospitals. Governor [[Ichita Yamamoto]] said he hoped the move would "send a positive message" and "promote diversity".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/ja-jp/news/national/lgbt%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%8C%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E5%88%B6%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5%E3%81%B8-%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E-%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E3%81%AB%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%8D%EF%BC%93%E4%BE%8B%E7%9B%AE/ar-BB1aJJlK|title=LGBTカップルに群馬県がパートナーシップ制導入へ 茨城、大阪に続き３例目|website=Microsoft News|date=6 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref> On 17 December, Yamamoto announced the system would be established on 21 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/gunma/news/20201217-OYTNT50176/|title=「ぐんまパートナーシップ宣誓制度」２１日から導入|website=Yomiuri Shimbun|date=18 December 2020|language=ja|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218074425/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/gunma/news/20201217-OYTNT50176/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first certificate was issued to couple Saori Tanaka and Hisanagi Makita in [[Shibukawa, Gunma|Shibukawa]] on 24 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jomo-news.co.jp/news/gunma/society/263485|title=LGBTを公認 群馬県のパートナーシップ制度で初宣誓、笑顔で「大きな一歩」|website=Jōmō Shimbun|date=25 December 2020|language=ja}}</ref>

On 20 November 2020, Governor [[Eikei Suzuki]] of [[Mie Prefecture]] announced his intention to introduce a partnership system before the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/157465|title=三重県が同性カップルを公的に認める「パートナーシップ制度」導入へ|website=Chunichi Shimbun|date=20 November 2020|language=ja|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=20 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120035727/https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/157465|url-status=dead}}</ref> The system was introduced on 1 September 2021, with the first couple issued a certificate that same day in [[Tsu, Mie|Tsu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.mie.lg.jp/katsuyaku/86875046999_00001.htm|title=三重県パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました|language=ja|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP916QCYP91ONFB004.html|title=第1号カップル「家族になれて幸せ」 三重で「パートナー制度」開始|website=Asahi Shimbun|date=2 September 2021|language=ja}}</ref> [[Saga Prefecture]] started its partnership oath system a few days earlier, on 27 August 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minnano-partnership.com/prefecture/%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E7%9C%8C|title=佐賀県全体でのパートナーシップ制度|language=ja|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bd8c3c8d6b11a32097db9f47317dac40d3d4383f|title=佐賀県、パートナー制度開始 性的少数者カップルを婚姻相当と公認 九州初|website=Yahoo! Japan|date=28 August 2021|language=ja|access-date=4 September 2021|archive-date=4 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904170147/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bd8c3c8d6b11a32097db9f47317dac40d3d4383f|url-status=dead}}</ref> Governor [[Yoshinori Yamaguchi]] praised the move.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP8W74RLP8WTTHB001.html|title=佐賀県、性的少数カップルの認定制度 県単位では九州初|website=Asahi Shimbun|date=27 August 2021|language=ja}}</ref> In November 2021, the government of [[Aomori Prefecture]] announced its intention to introduce a partnership system on 7 February 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/soshiki/kankyo/seishonen/lgbt_partnership.html|title=青森県パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Aomori Prefecture|date=4 February 2022|access-date=7 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref> A partnership oath system has also been in effect in [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] and [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]] prefectures since 1 April 2022.<ref>{{cite news|title=パートナーシップ制度、福岡県が4月導入の方針 住宅確保の一助へ|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ1R5QSFQ1GTIPE01S.html|publisher=朝日新聞|date=23 January 2022|access-date=23 January 2022|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=「パートナーシップ証明制度」に事実婚含まず"（秋田県） |language=ja |publisher=YAHOO! Japan |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/2405d121d5c8fa7f8181dc7bd233363fe1f98960 |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302185420/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/2405d121d5c8fa7f8181dc7bd233363fe1f98960 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 15 February 2022, Governor [[Tomikazu Fukuda]] of [[Tochigi Prefecture]] announced he would introduce a partnership system in fall 2022;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ2H74SLQ2HUUHB00D.html|title=性的少数者カップルに公的証明書を発行 栃木県が秋に制度導入へ|publisher=朝日新聞|date=16 February 2022|access-date=16 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref> it was established on 1 September 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=とちぎパートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Tochigi Prefecture|access-date=1 September 2022|date=1 August 2022|url=https://www.pref.tochigi.lg.jp/c07/tochigi_partnership.html|language=ja}}</ref>

On 7 June 2021, the General Affairs Committee of the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly]] unanimously accepted a petition, launched by LGBT activists and signed by 18,000 people, to establish a partnership system in [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210607/k10013072141000.html|title=都議会 パートナーシップ制度創設の請願を全会一致で採択|website=NHK|date=7 June 2021|language=ja}}</ref> Governor [[Yuriko Koike]] expressed her support for the move, stating it would "respect the human rights of sexual minorities and promote the understanding of Tokyo citizens regarding diversity".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/12/07/national/social-issues/yuriko-koike-tokyo-lgbt/|title=Tokyo to introduce a same-sex partner system|website=The Japan Times|last=Reynolds|first=Isabel|date=7 December 2021}}</ref> The bill was enacted by the Metropolitan Assembly on 15 June 2022. It calls on businesses and other entities to treat same-sex partnerships as equal to married couples, allowing couples to access family-use housing and the right to visit their partners in hospital. At least one partner must be resident in Tokyo or a commuter for work. It came into force on 1 November,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2022061500869/|title= Tokyo Assembly Enacts Same-Sex Partnership System|work=Nippon.com|date=15 June 2022|location=Tokyo}}</ref> with applications being accepted from 10 October,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-10 |title=Tokyo adopts 'partnership' status for same-sex couples |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/10/10/tokyo-adopts-partnership-status-for-same-sex-couples_5999853_4.html |access-date=2022-10-12}}</ref> making Tokyo the tenth prefecture to do so.

Governor [[Hajime Furuta]] of [[Gifu Prefecture]] announced on 10 December 2020 that he was considering establishing a partnership system in the prefecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gifu-np.co.jp/news/20201211/20201211-28228.html|title=同性パートナー制検討 岐阜県、導入時期など議論|website=Gifu Shimbun|date=11 December 2020|language=ja|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214113124/https://www.gifu-np.co.jp/news/20201211/20201211-28228.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Governor [[Heita Kawakatsu]] of [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] announced on 1 September 2021 that he was also considering it by the end of 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.at-s.com/news/article/shizuoka/966990.html|title=パートナー制度 全県導入方針 静岡県議会一般質問、川勝知事答弁|publisher=Anata no Shizuoka Shinbun|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002033603/https://www.at-s.com/news/article/shizuoka/966990.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Deputy Governor of [[Toyama Prefecture]] voiced the same in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=パートナーシップ制度導入を検討へ 富山県（北日本放送）|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/26d56580b824c7e3f880fae96e6821c27d620142|access-date=2021-12-04|website=Yahoo!ニュース|language=ja|archive-date=2021-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204114905/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/26d56580b824c7e3f880fae96e6821c27d620142|url-status=dead}}</ref> Both Shizuoka and Toyama prefectures established a partnership system on 1 March 2023.

Overall, the number of prefectures which have established a partnership registry has slowly increased over the years. 1 was established in 2019 ([[LGBT rights in Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]]), 2 in 2020 (Osaka, Gunma), 2 in 2021 (Saga, Mie), 5 in 2022 (Aomori, Akita, Fukuoka, Tochigi, [[LGBT rights in Tokyo|Tokyo]]) and 9 in 2023 so far (Shizuoka, Toyama, Nagano, Gifu, Kagawa, Shimane, Tottori, Fukui, Yamanashi). The establishment of prefectural systems has often not precluded the subsequent establishments of municipal systems within the same prefecture.

===Mutual recognition of certificates===

==== Between cities ====
On October 30, 2019, the cities of [[Fukuoka]] and [[Kumamoto]] announced they would recognize each other's partnership certificates effective immediately. This marked the first time that two or more jurisdictions in Japan had begun recognizing each other's certificates, easing recognition for same-sex couples. This means that if a same-sex couple with a certificate moves between both cities they need not reapply for a certificate in their new city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/kumamoto/20191030/5000006700.html|title=ＬＧＢＴカップルを相互承認 ("LGBT couples mutually approved"|work=NHK.or.jp|date=30 October 2019|language=ja}}</ref> Since 1 April 2020, certificates from [[Kitakyushu]] and [[Koga, Fukuoka|Koga]] are also recognized between the four cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kitakyushu.lg.jp/ho-huku/18000059.html|title=北九州市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.kitakyushu.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20191107/ddl/k40/040/302000c|title=北九州市、ＬＧＢＴ制度で連携へ パートナーシップ宣誓 先に導入の福岡・熊本両市と ／福岡|website=毎日新聞|language=ja|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> Certificates from [[Okayama]], [[Nichinan, Miyazaki|Nichinan]],<ref name="okayamacity"/> and [[Karatsu, Saga|Karatsu]] are also recognised in Fukuoka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fukuoka.lg.jp/data/open/cnt/3/87724/1/korekaranomicewoninaugakuseiwoouennsuruschoolkaikou.pdf?20210930144902|title=これからのＭＩＣＥを担う学生を応援するスクール開講！！～学生が世界水泳選手権を体験し盛り上げます～(経済観光文化局ＭＩＣＥ推進課) （2,356kbyte）|publisher=Fukuoka City|access-date=2 October 2021|language=ja}}</ref>

On December 2, 2019, the mayor of [[Yokosuka]] announced his intention to establish a joint recognition scheme with the fellow [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]] cities of [[Zushi, Kanagawa|Zushi]] and [[Kamakura]], taking effect on 1 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hide-fujino.com/blog/dispute/20191130question/|title=2019年12月議会・一般質問|work=hide-fujino.com|date=2 December 2019|language=ja}}</ref> [[Hayama, Kanagawa|Hayama]] joined the scheme on 1 July 2020,<ref name="hayama"/> and [[Miura, Kanagawa|Miura]] joined on 1 January 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.miura.kanagawa.jp/okyakusama/pa-tona-ship/patonashipsennseiseido.html|title=三浦市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|website=www.city.miura.kanagawa.jp|language=ja}}</ref> In July 2020, [[Okayama]] and [[Sōja]] agreed to mutually recognize their certificates and eliminate the need for new procedures when couples move between the two cities. Okayama reached a similar agreement with [[Fukuoka]] in November 2020 and [[Hiroshima]] in January 2021.<ref name="okayamacity">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.okayama.jp/0000021905.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度自治体間相互利用|website=www.city.okayama.jp|language=ja}}</ref> Hiroshima and [[Akitakata, Hiroshima|Akitakata]] also mutually recognize their certificates.<ref name="安芸高田市パートナーシップ制度はじまります！">{{cite web|url=https://www.akitakata.jp/ja/shisei/section/jinkentabunka/akitakata2121partnership/|title=安芸高田市パートナーシップ制度はじまります！|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> The cities of [[Katano]] and [[Hirakata]] decided to recognize each other's certificates in June 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/osaka/news/20210604-OYTNT50174/|title=「パートナー制度」相互利用 枚方・交野市協定|website=Yomiuri Shimbun|date=5 June 2021|language=ja|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183214/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/osaka/news/20210604-OYTNT50174/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since then, numerous other cities have also established such mutual recognition schemes. On 1 February 2022, a similar agreement took effect between [[Chigasaki, Kanagawa|Chigasaki]], [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]] and [[Samukawa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=藤沢市|title=藤沢市は、茅ヶ崎市及び寒川町と「パートナーシップ宣誓制度に係る自治体間連携に関する協定」を締結しました|url=http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/jinkendanjyo/press/20211221.html|access-date=2021-12-22|website=藤沢市|language=ja}}</ref>

The cities of [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] and [[Yokohama]] made a similar recognition agreement in January 2021, effective on 1 February 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kurashi/kyodo-manabi/jinken/lgbt/partnershiprenkei.html|title=他の自治体との都市間連携|website=City of Yokohama|language=ja}}</ref> In early April 2021, the cities and towns of [[Amagasaki]], [[Ashiya, Hyōgo|Ashiya]], [[Inagawa, Hyōgo|Inagawa]], [[Itami, Hyōgo|Itami]], [[Kawanishi, Hyōgo|Kawanishi]], [[Nishinomiya]], [[Sanda, Hyōgo|Sanda]] and [[Takarazuka, Hyōgo|Takarazuka]], all in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], agreed to recognize each other's certificates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/202104/0014216701.shtml|title=同性カップルの「パートナーシップ制度」、転居時の手続き簡単に 阪神間７市１町が連携|website=Kobe Shimbun|date=6 April 2021|language=ja}}</ref> Likewise, in May 2021, 12 municipalities in Tokyo, [[Adachi, Tokyo|Adachi]], [[Bunkyō]], [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]], [[Fuchū, Tokyo|Fuchū]], [[Koganei, Tokyo|Koganei]], [[Kokubunji, Tokyo|Kokubunji]], [[Kunitachi, Tokyo|Kunitachi]], [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Nakano, Tokyo|Nakano]], [[Setagaya]], [[Shibuya]] and [[Toshima]], agreed to mutually recognize each other's certificates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://go2senkyo.com/seijika/150508/posts/243399|title=府中市はじめ都内１２区市で「同性パートナーシップ制度」を導入している自治体の交流組織を結成website=go2senkyo.com|date=20 May 2021|language=ja}}</ref> The cities of Chiba, [[Funabashi]], [[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]], [[Matsudo]], [[Kashiwa]], and [[Narashino]], all in Chiba prefecture, signed a mutual recognition agreement on July 11, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |title=パートナーシップ制度で連携へ 千葉県内の６つの市が協定｜NHK 千葉県のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/chiba/20230711/1080021122.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=NHK NEWS WEB}}</ref>

Eighteen cities in [[Aichi Prefecture]] signed an agreement to recognize each other's partnership certificates on October 17, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=パートナーシップ制度、愛知18市町が連携へ 転居時の手続き簡素化 |url=https://news.goo.ne.jp/article/asahi/nation/ASRBK4SJKRBKOIPE004.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=gooニュース |language=ja}}</ref> On October 29, 2023, the [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] cities of [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]], [[Yokohama]] and [[Isehara, Kanagawa|Isehara]] signed an agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=藤沢市、横浜市、伊勢原市「パートナーシップ宣誓制度に係る自治体間連携に関する協定」締結 {{!}} 湘南人 |url=https://shonanjin.com/news/fujisawa-city-yokohama-city-and-isehara-city-conclude-agreement-on-inter-municipal-cooperation-regarding-partnership/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=湘南人 {{!}} 湘南エリアの最新ニュース・グルメ・イベント穴場情報満載！ |language=ja}}</ref>

==== Between prefectures ====
On 18 August 2022, [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]] and [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]] prefectures announced they would recognize each other's partnership certificates, becoming the first prefectures to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO63556990Y2A810C2L60000/|title=「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」 茨城と佐賀が情報連携|publisher=日本経済新聞|date=19 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2022|language=ja}}</ref> Saga Prefecture completed a similar agreement with [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]] on 24 November.<ref>{{Cite web |title=佐賀県とパートナーシップ宣誓制度に関する協定を締結します！ - 福岡県庁ホームページ |url=https://www.pref.fukuoka.lg.jp/press-release/partner-saga.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=www.pref.fukuoka.lg.jp}}</ref> On 20 December, mutual recognition was established between Ibaraki, [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]] and [[Gunma Prefecture|Gunma]] prefectures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=「いばらきパートナーシップ宣誓制度」の北関東3県自治体間連携の締結について{{!}}古河市公式ホームページ |url=https://www.city.ibaraki-koga.lg.jp/soshiki/jinkendanjo/9/16719.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=www.city.ibaraki-koga.lg.jp |language=ja}}</ref> On 31 January 2023, Ibaraki signed an agreement with [[Mie Prefecture|Mie]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=三重県と茨城県が協定 パートナーシップ宣誓制度（伊勢新聞） |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/b0d0505c51e59921745b26586772e8d9f4c0f7a8 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> On September 4, 2023, Ibaraki signed an agreement with [[Toyama Prefecture|Toyama]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=茨城県と富山県の間で「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」の連携協定が締結されました - 種部恭子（タネベキョウコ） ｜ 選挙ドットコム |url=http://go2senkyo.com/seijika/170023/posts/763080 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=選挙ドットコム |language=ja}}</ref>

==== Between prefectures and internal municipalities ====
In March 2020, [[Iwate Prefecture]] passed a law to recognize partnership registries created by municipalities within the prefecture for purpose of benefits, despite not having a prefecture-level registry at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=パートナーシップ制度について |url=https://www.pref.iwate.jp/kurashikankyou/seishounendanjo/danjo/1065067.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=岩手県 |language=ja}}</ref>

Upon establishing its own partnership registry in November 2022, Tokyo Metropolis mutually recognized all partnership registries in Tokyo's wards and cities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=都パートナーシップ宣誓制度 16区市と連携｜東京都 |url=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2022/10/31/21.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp}}</ref>

==== Between prefectures and external municipalities ====
On October 30, 2023, [[Ibaraki Prefecture]] and the city of [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], [[Saitama Prefecture]] signed an agreement to recognize each others' partnership registries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-30 |title=茨城県、パートナーシップ宣誓制度でさいたま市と連携 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCC303AT0Q3A031C2000000/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref>

=== Family registration ===
{{Main|LGBT rights in Japan#List of familyship registries}}Numerous other municipalities have also established a "partnership family system" ({{lang|ja|パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度}}, ''{{transliteration|ja|pātonāshippu famirīshippu seido}}''). This system also recognises the children and in-laws of same-sex couples, and allows partners to make medical decisions for their child, and to pick up their children at schools and kindergartens (whereas previously only the biological parent was allowed to pick up the child). The first to establish this system was [[Akashi, Hyōgo]] in January 2021 followed by [[Tokushima (city)|Tokushima]] in February 2021 and [[Adachi, Tokyo]] in April 2021.<ref name="listcities">{{cite web |title=リスト：同性パートナーシップ証明制度を導入している／導入予定の自治体 |url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/pride_japan/document/3.html? |website=outjapan.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref> [[Tokyo]] established a partnership system with a similar option in November 2022, becoming the first prefectural government to do so.

===List===
As of 1 November 2023, the following 345 [[Municipalities of Japan|municipalities]] and nineteen [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]] have established a same-sex partnership oath system, comprising about 77% of the Japanese population. <!--95,986,471--> In 29 further jurisdictions, such policies will soon take effect. Partnership registries have not yet been established at the municipal nor prefecture levels in [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]] and [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]] prefectures. Prefectures are '''bolded'''. An asterisk (*) indicates that familyship registration is also available.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;"|2015
|28 October
|[[File:Flag of Shibuya, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Shibuya|Shibuya, Tokyo]]
|-
|5 November
|[[File:Flag of Setagaya, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Setagaya|Setagaya, Tokyo]]*
|-
!rowspan=3 style="vertical-align: top;"|2016
|1 April
|[[File:Flag of Iga, Mie.svg|22px|border]] [[Iga, Mie]]
|-
|1 June
|[[File:Flag of Takarazuka, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Takarazuka, Hyōgo]]
|-
|8 July
|[[File:Flag of Naha, Okinawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Naha|Naha, Okinawa]]*
|-
!style="vertical-align: top;"|2017
|1 June
|[[File:Flag of Sapporo, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Sapporo|Sapporo, Hokkaido]]*
|-
!rowspan=3 style="vertical-align: top;"|2018
|2 April
|[[File:Flag of Fukuoka City.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukuoka|Fukuoka, Fukuoka]]
|-
|9 July
|[[File:Flag of Osaka City.svg|22px|border]] [[Osaka|Osaka, Osaka]]*
|-
|20 August
|[[File:Flag of Nakano, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Nakano, Tokyo]]
|-
!rowspan=12 style="vertical-align: top;"|2019
|1 January
|[[File:Flag of Oizumi Gunma.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōizumi, Gunma]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO3940665026122018L60000/ |title=LGBTパートナー認定、群馬・大泉町が来月導入 |language=ja|author=Kita-Kantou |date=December 27, 2018 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|29 January
|[[File:Flag of Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Chiba (city)|Chiba, Chiba]]*
|-
|1 April
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Edogawa, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Edogawa, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.jp/articles/2019/03/15/07421869.html|script-title=ja:同性パートナーシップ制度 江戸川区も導入|language=ja|date=15 March 2019|website=日テレNEWS24}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fuchu, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Fuchū, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO3829444028112018L83000/ |title=府中市、LGBTパートナー認定 来年4月に |date=November 29, 2018 |language=ja|access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hirakata, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Hirakata|Hirakata, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hirakata.osaka.jp/0000023099.html|script-title=ja:定例記者会見（平成31年2月）|website=Hirakata-shi homepage|date=1 March 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kumamoto, Kumamoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Kumamoto|Kumamoto, Kumamoto]]<ref name="kumamoto">{{cite web |url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/181204/plt1812040014-n1.html |title=熊本市がパートナー公認へ ＬＧＢＴ、来年４月導入 |date=December 4, 2018 |language=ja |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402221653/https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/181204/plt1812040014-n1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Odawara, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Odawara|Odawara, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kanaloco.jp/article/390074|script-title=ja:パートナーシップ制度、小田原市が４月導入 県内２例目|language=ja|date=22 February 2019|website=カナロコ (Kanaloco)|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223185030/http://www.kanaloco.jp/article/390074|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/article/entry-158070.html|script-title=ja:性的少数者カップル公認 横須賀市、小田原市が制度導入へ|website=カナロコ (Kanaloco)|date=31 March 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sakai, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakai|Sakai, Osaka]]<ref name="sakai">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.sakai.lg.jp/shisei/jinken/jinken/sakaipartnership.html|script-title=ja:堺市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|language=ja|date=12 March 2019|website=Sakai-shi homepage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2019/01/31/lgbt-partnership_a_23658163/?ncid=tweetlnkjphpmg00000001|title=LGBT「パートナー宣誓制度」創設へ 大阪府堺市で4月から|website=HuffPost Japan|date=2 February 2019|language=ja|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020435/https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2019/01/31/lgbt-partnership_a_23658163/?ncid=tweetlnkjphpmg00000001|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190131/ddl/k27/010/321000c|script-title=ja:堺市も同性パートナー ４月導入、事実婚は含めず ／大阪|website=Mainichi Shimbun|date=31 January 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sōja, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Sōja|Sōja, Okayama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mainichi.jp/articles/20190220/ddl/k33/010/434000c|script-title=ja:同性カップル認定へ パートナーシップ制度、２６日に条例案 ／岡山|language=ja|date=20 February 2019|website=Mainichi Shimbun}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Toshima, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Toshima|Toshima, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ja:東京・豊島区がパートナー制度 条例制定、渋谷に続き全国２例目 |url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/190322/plt1903220037-n1.html |access-date=25 March 2019 |agency=The Sankei News |date=22 March 2019 |language=ja |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010024/https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/190322/plt1903220037-n1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yokosuka, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Yokosuka|Yokosuka, Kanagawa]]<ref name="yokosuka">{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM2D6S0PM2DULOB01K.html|script-title=ja:性的少数者や事実婚、横須賀市も４月からパートナー制度|language=ja|date=14 February 2019|website=Asahi Shimbun}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180920/k00/00m/040/093000c |title=ＬＧＢＴなど 豊島区も「パートナーシップ制度」導入へ |language=ja|last=Jimbun |first=Mainichi |date=September 19, 2018 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|3 June
|[[File:Flag of Kanuma, Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kanuma, Tochigi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sankei.com/region/news/190423/rgn1904230016-n1.html|script-title=ja:同性カップル、夫婦同等に 鹿沼市、県内初の宣誓制度 ６月導入|website=Sankei Shimbun|date=23 April 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|10 June
|[[File:Flag of Miyazaki, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyazaki (city)|Miyazaki, Miyazaki]]<ref name="miyazaki">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-miyanichi.co.jp/kennai/_37222.html|title=宮崎市６月にも導入 ＬＧＢＴパートナーシップ|website=Miyanichi Press|date=24 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1 July
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Ibaraki Prefecture|'''Ibaraki''']]
* [[File:Flag of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kitakyushu|Kitakyushu, Fukuoka]]<ref name="kitakyushu">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/kitakyushu-partnership_jp_5cff4521e4b0da64c536a730|title=Kitakyushu City starts partnership system from July 1st. "I would like to change from the administration first"|website=HuffPost|date=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190221/ddl/k40/010/366000c?pid=14517|script-title=ja:７月からパートナーシップ制度導入|language=ja|date=21 February 2019|website=Mainichi Shimbun}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 September
|[[File:Flag of Nishio, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nishio|Nishio, Aichi]]<ref>[http://www.city.nishio.aichi.jp/index.cfm/10,63675,c,html/63675/20190820-195016.pdf 西尾市パートナーシップの宣誓の取扱いに関する要綱] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906044803/http://www.city.nishio.aichi.jp/index.cfm/10,63675,c,html/63675/20190820-195016.pdf |date=2019-09-06 }}. ''city.nishio.aichi,jp''</ref>
|-
|2 September
|[[File:Flag of Nagasaki, Nagasaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagasaki|Nagasaki, Nagasaki]]<ref name="nagasaki">{{cite web|url=https://www.nagasaki-np.co.jp/kijis/?kijiid=536360875859559521|title=ートナーシップ宣誓制度」9月2日開始 長崎市、県内初の導入|work=Nagasaki Shimbun|date=20 August 2019|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nishinippon.co.jp/item/n/540014/|title=同姓カップル認定 都市部から 長崎市「パートナーシップ制度」導入|website=Nishinippon Shinbun|date=2 September 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|11 October
|[[File:Flag of Sanda, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Sanda, Hyōgo]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sanda/201910/0012786441.shtml|title=三田市が同性カップル認定 制度導入は県内２例目|website=神戸新聞NEXT|date=13 October 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|22 November
|[[File:Flag of Katano, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Katano|Katano, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.katano.osaka.jp/docs/2019111200016/|title=交野市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を実施|website=city.katano.osaka.jp|date=22 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2 December
|[[File:Flag of Yokohama, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Yokohama|Yokohama, Kanagawa]]<ref name="yokohama">{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0104/2019/10/03/500280.html|title=パートナーシップ制度 市が年内導入へ|website=townnews.co.jp|date=2 October 2019|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO52117900T11C19A1L82000/|title=横浜市、パートナーシップ制度導入 LGBTや事実婚で|date=13 November 2019|language=ja|website=Nihon Keizai Shinbun}}</ref>
|-
|4 December
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Daito, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Daitō, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.daito.lg.jp/kakukakaranoosirase/senryakukikaku/senryakukikakusitu/kohokocho/houdou/1574211596757.html|title=【11月19日発表】「大東市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」スタート！|website=city.daito.lg.jp|date=19 November 2019|language=ja|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123103439/http://www.city.daito.lg.jp/kakukakaranoosirase/senryakukikaku/senryakukikakusitu/kohokocho/houdou/1574211596757.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO52958360U9A201C1L82000/|title=神奈川・鎌倉市、パートナーシップ制度を導入|website=日本経済新聞 電子版|date=4 December 2019|language=ja|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kamakura, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kamakura|Kamakura, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kamakura.kanagawa.jp/danjo/partnership.html|title=鎌倉市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.kamakura.kanagawa.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=17 style="vertical-align: top;"|2020
|1 January
|[[File:Flag of Mitoyo, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Mitoyo, Kagawa]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.mitoyo.lg.jp/forms/info/info.aspx?info_id=14122|title=三豊市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を導入します！|website=www.city.mitoyo.lg.jp|date=2 December 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|6 January
|[[File:Flag of Amagasaki, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Amagasaki|Amagasaki, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/hanshin/202001/0013024028.shtml|title=神戸新聞NEXT｜阪神｜性的少数者のパートナー制度 尼崎市、１組目の受領証交付|website=www.kobe-np.co.jp|language=ja|access-date=2020-01-13|archive-date=2020-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112085255/https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/hanshin/202001/0013024028.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|22 January
| [[File:Flag of Osaka Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Osaka Prefecture|'''Osaka''']]
|-
|1 April
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Bunkyo, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Bunkyō|Bunkyō, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.bunkyo.lg.jp/var/rev0/0192/3649/3_4.pdf|title=文京区パートナーシップ宣誓の取扱いについて|website=city.bunkyo.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Hamamatsu|Hamamatsu, Shizuoka]]<ref name="hamamatsu">{{cite web|url=https://www.at-s.com/news/article/politics/shizuoka/734315.html|title=ＬＧＢＴカップル公認制度 浜松市、４月施行|website=Shizuoka Shimbun|date=6 February 2020|language=ja|access-date=12 February 2020|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212192406/https://www.at-s.com/news/article/politics/shizuoka/734315.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.at-s.com/news/article/politics/shizuoka/642396.html|title=ＬＧＢＴカップル公認へ 浜松市、要綱制定を検討|date=6 June 2019|work=Shizuoka Shimbun|language=ja|access-date=25 June 2019|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610223111/https://www.at-s.com/news/article/politics/shizuoka/642396.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kijo, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Kijō, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-miyanichi.co.jp/chiiki/_44161.html|title=ＬＧＢＴパートナーシップ宣誓制度 木城町導入へMiyanichi|date=23 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Koga Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Koga, Fukuoka]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200303/ddl/k40/010/295000c|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度、古賀市が来月導入 性的少数者カップル支援 ／福岡|website=Mainichi Shimbun|date=3 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Minato, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Minato, Tokyo]]<ref name="minato">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.minato.tokyo.jp/jinken/20200401_mariage.html|title=みなとマリアージュ制度をスタートします（制度の概要）|website=city.minato.tokyo.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nara, Nara.svg|22px|border]] [[Nara (city)|Nara, Nara]]<ref name="nara">{{cite web|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000111.000036429.html|title=奈良市で「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」を導入|work=PR Times|date=14 February 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Niigata, Niigata.svg|22px|border]] [[Niigata (city)|Niigata, Niigata]]<ref name="niigata">{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2020/3/6.html|title=新潟市で4月1日から同性パートナーシップ宣誓制度導入、北信越で初|website=OutJapan|date=12 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sagamihara, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Sagamihara|Sagamihara, Kanagawa]]<ref name="sagamihara">{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0303/2020/03/19/521755.html|title=「パートナー制度」４月導入|website=TownNews.com|date=18 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Saitama, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Saitama (city)|Saitama, Saitama]]<ref name="saitama1">{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/saitama/list/201912/CK2019122102000143.html|title=ＬＧＢＴ「パートナーシップ制度」 さいたま市、４月１日開始|website=tokyo-np-co-jp|date=20 December 2019|language=ja|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222164027/https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/saitama/list/201912/CK2019122102000143.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Takamatsu, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Takamatsu, Kagawa]]*<ref name="takamatsu">{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2019/12/4.html|title=高松市が同性パートナーシップ証明制度導入を決定、三豊市でも年明けから|website=www.outjapan.co.jp|date=4 December 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tokushima, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Tokushima (city)|Tokushima, Tokushima]]*<ref name="tokushima1">{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2020/3/1.html|title=徳島市が4月から同性パートナーシップ証明制度を導入|website=OutJapan|date=1 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yamatokōriyama, Nara.svg|22px|border]] [[Yamatokōriyama|Yamatokōriyama, Nara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.47news.jp/localnews/4639208.html|title=性的少数者カップル公認へ 制度の概要など解説／大和郡山市が「市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」|website=47NEWS|date=23 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Zushi Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Zushi, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/kanagawa/list/202003/CK2020032402000126.html|title=逗子市 「パートナー制度」導入 来月から 鎌倉、横須賀市と連携も|website=Tokyo Shimbun|date=24 March 2020|language=ja|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325181258/https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/kanagawa/list/202003/CK2020032402000126.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 May
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Kawagoe, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kawagoe, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kawagoe.saitama.jp/shisei/jinken_danjokyodo/danjokyodosankaku/partnership2020.html|title=川越市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=city.kawagoe.saitama.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Toyoake, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyoake|Toyoake, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.toyoake.lg.jp/13930.htm|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|website=city.toyoake.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|15 May
|[[File:Flag of Itami, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Itami, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.itami.lg.jp/SOSIKI/SHIMIN/JINKEN/senseiseido/index.html|title=同性パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.itami.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|17 May
|[[File:Flag of Ashiya, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Ashiya, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/hanshin/202005/0013338655.shtml|title=同性カップルに証明書 「婚姻に準ずる」と認定へ|website=Kobe Shimbun|date=13 May 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.ashiya.lg.jp/jinken/ashiyapartnershipseido.html|title=芦屋市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=city.ashiya.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 July
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Hayama, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Hayama, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.hayama.lg.jp/kurashi/jinken/11049.html|title=令和2年7月1日からパートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります！|website=town.hayama.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/article/entry-208546.html|title=パートナーシップ制度 葉山町も２０年度導入目指す|website=kanaloco.jp|date=14 November 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Inabe, Mie.svg|22px|border]] [[Inabe|Inabe, Mie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/9580?rct=mie|title=いなべ市がパートナーシップ宣誓制度 条例案提出へ|website=Chunichi Shimbun|date=27 May 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kawasaki, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa]]<ref name="kawasaki">{{cite web|url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/article/entry-381567.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度、川崎市が７月１日導入へ|website=Kanaloco|date=16 June 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0206/2020/04/17/524757.html|title=市民・企業から意見募集パートナーシップ宣誓制度案発表|website=TownNews.com|date=17 April 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Okayama, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Okayama|Okayama, Okayama]]<ref name="okayama">{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/06/01/national/social-issues/okayama-join-japan-cities-issuing-certificates-sex-partnerships/|title=Okayama to join other Japan cities issuing certificates for same-sex partnetships|work=Japan News|date=1 June 2020|location=Okayama}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tondabayashi, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Tondabayashi|Tondabayashi, Osaka]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tondabayashi.lg.jp/soshiki/19/41662.html|title=富田林市パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度について|website=www.city.tondabayashi.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 August
|[[File:Flag of Kawanishi, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Kawanishi, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200716/ddl/k28/010/408000c|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 川西市が来月導入 ／兵庫|website=Mainichi Shimbun|date=16 July 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kawanishi.hyogo.jp/kurashi/shimin/jinken/1011407.html|title=川西市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|website=www.city.kawanishi.hyogo.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 September
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Kaizuka, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kaizuka, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kaizuka.lg.jp/kakuka/toshiseisaku/jinken/topics/partnershipsenseiseido.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=city.kaizuka.lg.jp|date=28 August 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kyoto City.svg|22px|border]] [[Kyoto|Kyoto, Kyoto]]<ref name="kyoto">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/bunshi/cmsfiles/contents/0000272/272204/yoko.pdf|title=京都市パートナーシップの宣誓の取扱いに関する要綱|website=Kyoto City|access-date=8 November 2022|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20200902/p2a/00m/0na/023000c|title=Kyoto begins offering partnership oaths to publicly recognize city's LGBTQ couples|newspaper=Mainichi Daily News|date=2 September 2020}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 October
|[[File:Flag of Sakado, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakado, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sakado.lg.jp/soshiki/12/18968.html|title=坂戸市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.sakado.lg.jp|date=15 September 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|20 October
|[[File:Flag of Koganei, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Koganei, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.koganei.lg.jp/smph/shisei/461/pressrelease/r2/koganeisipartnership.html|title=小金井市パートナーシップ宣誓制度の実施について 令和2年10月2日報道発表|website=www.city.koganei.lg.jp|date=2 October 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 November
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Kitamoto, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kitamoto, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.kitamoto.saitama.jp/soshiki/somu/jinken/gyomu/jinken/1600242559650.html|title=北本市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.kitamoto.saitama.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Matsudo, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Matsudo|Matsudo, Chiba]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/shutoken-news/20201101/1000055687.html|title=同性カップルを"結婚相当関係"|website=NHK|date=1 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tochigi Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Tochigi (city)|Tochigi, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tochigi.lg.jp/soshiki/24/31785.html|title=令和2年11月1日から「栃木市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」を始めました。|website=www.city.tochigi.lg.jp|date=1 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASNB66VY1NB6UUHB00V.html|title=栃木市が「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」創設 鹿沼に続く|website=The Asahi Shimbun|date=7 October 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|15 November
|[[File:Flag of Kokubunji, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Kokubunji, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.kokubunji.tokyo.jp/smp/kurashi/1011887/1011901/1010392/1024634.html|title=国分寺市パートナーシップ制度|website=www.city.kokubunji.tokyo.jp|date=16 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 December
|[[File:Flag of Kōnosu, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kōnosu|Kōnosu, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.kounosu.saitama.jp/oshirase/1605499394021.html|title=鴻巣市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.konosu.saitama.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|10 December
|[[File:Flag of Hirosaki, Aomori.svg|22px|border]] [[Hirosaki|Hirosaki, Aomori]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2020/8/30.html|title=青森県弘前市が同性パートナーシップ証明制度導入へ、東北初|website=Out Japan|date=28 August 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/446617|title=弘前市パートナーシップ宣誓制度10日に施行|website=www.toonippo.co.jp|date=4 December 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|21 December
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Gunma Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Gunma Prefecture|'''Gunma''']]
* [[File:Flag of Shibukawa, Gunma.svg|22px|border]] [[Shibukawa, Gunma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.shibukawa.lg.jp/kurashi/danjokyoudousankaku/danjokyoudousankaku/p007827.html|title=渋川市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.shibukawa.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
!rowspan=22 style="vertical-align: top;"|2021
|1 January
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Higashikagawa, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashikagawa, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://go2senkyo.com/seijika/159073/posts/184040|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度、東かがわ市で始まる！。|website=go2senkyo.com|date=27 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Miura Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Miura, Kanagawa]]<ref name="hayama">{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0503/2020/06/26/531930.html|title=パートナーシップ制度開始|website=TownNews.com|date=26 June 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yoshinogawa, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Yoshinogawa, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0502/2020/10/23/547837.html|title=三浦市 パートナー制度導入へ|website=Town News|date=23 October 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|4 January
|[[File:Flag of Hiroshima, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Hiroshima|Hiroshima, Hiroshima]]<ref name="hiroshima">{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/2020020701001834.html|title=「パートナー制度」を相互利用 岡山市と広島市、２０年度|website=Tokyo Shimbun|date=7 February 2020|language=ja|access-date=12 February 2020|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212192403/https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/2020020701001834.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chugoku-np.co.jp/local/news/article.php?comment_id=683829&comment_sub_id=0&category_id=256|title=パートナー制度１月導入 広島市方針|website=www.chugoku-np.co.jp|date=24 September 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|8 January
|[[File:Flag of Akashi, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Akashi, Hyōgo]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190919/ddl/k28/010/286000c|title=明石市も「パートナー制」 性的少数者対象 来年度にも導入 ／兵庫|website=Mainichi Shimbun|date=19 September 2019|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.akashi.lg.jp/seisaku/sdgs/partnershipfamilyship.html|title=明石市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度|website=www.city.akashi.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 February
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Kochi, Kochi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kōchi, Kōchi]]<ref name="kochi">{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/pride_japan/news/2021/2/2.html|title=高知市で「パートナーシップ登録制度」が始まり、初日に3組のカップルが登録申請しました|website=Out Japan|date=2 February 2021|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kochinews.co.jp/article/345864/|title=高知市に同性パートナー制導入を 県内ＮＰＯが署名提出|work=Kochi Shimbun|date=14 February 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Okegawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Okegawa, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.okegawa.lg.jp/shiminkatsudo/danjo/zinken/8907.html|title=桶川市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.okegawa.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 March
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Kameoka, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Kameoka, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/518692|title=多様な性のＬＧＢＴＱ＋のカップルを公認 京都・亀岡市がパートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始|website=Kyoto Shimbun|date=2 March 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ina, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ina, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.saitama-ina.lg.jp/0000005920.html|title=伊奈町パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|website=www.town.saitama-ina.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|16 March
|[[File:Flag of Ageo, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ageo|Ageo, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ageo.lg.jp/page/20210212702.html|title=上尾市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|website=www.city.ageo.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 April
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Adachi, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Adachi, Tokyo]]*<ref name="adachi">{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2020/11/32.html|title=足立区が同性パートナーシップ証明制度を来年度から導入することを発表しました|website=Out Japan|date=24 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.adachi.tokyo.jp/sankaku/pa-tona-shippuseido.html|title=足立区パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度を令和3年4月1日から開始します|website=www.city.adachi.tokyo.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Annaka, Gunma.svg|22px|border]] [[Annaka, Gunma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/68351|title=多様性ある群馬へ、一歩 LGBTカップルを公認 パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.tokyo-np.co.jp|date=14 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.annaka.lg.jp/gyousei/shimin/shiminseikatsu/partnership.html|title=安中市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|website=www.city.annaka.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Chigasaki, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Chigasaki, Kanagawa]]<ref name="chigasaki">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.chigasaki.kanagawa.jp/danjyo/1033449/1041470.html|title=茅ヶ崎市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.chigasaki.kanagawa.jp|date=20 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0603/2020/11/27/552883.html|title=「パートナー制度」導入へ|website=Town News|date=27 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fuji, Shizuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Fuji, Shizuoka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fuji-news.net/data/report/politics/202009/0000004723.html|title=富士市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 県内２例目の導入へ|website=fuji-news.net|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp/machi/rn2ola000002y68l.html|title=富士市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fujisawa, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa]]<ref name="fujisawa">{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0601/2020/03/13/521372.html|title=藤沢市が導入検討へ|website=TownNews.com|date=13 March 2020|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/jinkendanjyo/partnership_senseiseido.html|title=藤沢市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Gyoda, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Gyōda|Gyōda, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.gyoda.lg.jp/12/04/10/20210309sensei.html|title=行田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|website=www.city.gyoda.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Honjo, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Honjō, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.honjo.lg.jp/kurashi_tetsuzuki/12666.html|title=本庄市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します。|website=www.city.honjo.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ibusuki, Kagoshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Ibusuki, Kagoshima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ibusuki.lg.jp/main/kyosei/jinken/jinken/page024451.html|title=指宿市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.ibusuki.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ikoma, Nara.svg|22px|border]] [[Ikoma, Nara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ikoma.lg.jp/0000025005.html|title=生駒市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.ikoma.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Inagawa, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Inagawa, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outjapan.co.jp/lgbtcolumn_news/news/2021/3/34.html|title=臼杵市、西宮市、延岡市、生駒市などでも同性パートナーシップ証明制度導入へ|website=OutJapan|date=26 March 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kitajima, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Kitajima, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topics.or.jp/articles/-/509430|title=北島町が「同性カップル」公認 パートナーシップ宣誓制度導入|website=Tokushima Shimbun|date=3 April 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Koshigaya, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Koshigaya|Koshigaya, Saitama]]<ref name="koshigaya">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.koshigaya.saitama.jp/smph/kurashi_shisei/kurashi/jinkendanjokyodo/jinken/koshigaya_contents_202102182057.html|title=越谷市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.koshigaya.saitama.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kunitachi, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Kunitachi, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kunitachi.tokyo.jp/shisei/unei/sankaku/tayounaseijyourei/1614403696687.html|title=くにたちパートナーシップ制度|website=www.city.kunitachi.tokyo.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Matsumoto, Nagano.svg|22px|border]] [[Matsumoto, Nagano]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://matsumoto.keizai.biz/headline/3302/|title=松本市が中核市に パートナーシップ宣誓制度も県内初導入|website=matsumoto.keizai.biz|date=1 April 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Miyoshi, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyoshi, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://honnahiroshi.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-1597.html|title=三芳町もパートナーシップ宣誓制度を導入へ|website=honnahiroshi.blog.fc2.com|date=29 October 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nichinan, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Nichinan, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.nichinan.lg.jp/main/info/news/e/2021/04/01/post_1291.html|title=「日南市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」が始まります。|website=www.city.nichinan.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nishinomiya, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Nishinomiya|Nishinomiya, Hyōgo]]<ref name="nishinomiya">{{cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/hanshin/202009/0013695414.shtml|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 西宮市も来春導入へ|website=kobe-np.co.jp|date=15 September 2020|language=ja|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026050157/https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/hanshin/202009/0013695414.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nishi.or.jp/smph/bunka/danjokyodosankaku/tayousei_torikumi/partnership.html|title=西宮市パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度|website=www.nishi.or.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shodoshima, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Shōdoshima, Kagawa]]<ref name="shodoshima">{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.jp/nnn/news11180qxtljn8ek1gd4w.html|title=小豆島の2町 パートナーシップ制度導入へ|website=www.news24.jp|date=19 March 2021|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.shodoshima.lg.jp/gyousei/kakuka/jyumin_seikatsu/1/5483.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.town.shodoshima.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tadotsu, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Tadotsu, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.tadotsu.kagawa.jp/itwinfo/i4775/|title=多度津町パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|website=www.town.tadotsu.kagawa.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tenri, Nara.svg|22px|border]] [[Tenri, Nara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tenri.nara.jp/kakuka/kurasibunkabu/jinkencenter/zinikenekihatu/8315.html|title=天理市パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました|website=www.city.tenri.nara.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tonosho, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Tonoshō, Kagawa]]<ref name="shodoshima"/>
* [[File:Flag of Toyohashi, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyohashi|Toyohashi, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.toyohashi.lg.jp/45694.htm|title=豊橋市パートナーシップ制度|website=www.city.toyohashi.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Usuki, Ōita.svg|22px|border]] [[Usuki, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.usuki.oita.jp/docs/2021032200037/|title=臼杵市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.usuki.oita.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yamato, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Yamato, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.yamato.lg.jp/web/kouhou/n20210301.html|title=大和市パートナーシップ宣誓制度の運用を開始します|website=www.city.yamato.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|26 April
|[[File:Flag of Nobeoka, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Nobeoka|Nobeoka, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.nobeoka.miyazaki.jp/display.php?cont=210310112805|title=延岡市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 令和3年4月26日(月曜)スタート!|website=www.city.nobeoka.miyazaki.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 May
|[[File:Flag of Urayasu, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Urayasu|Urayasu, Chiba]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.urayasu.lg.jp/todokede/danjo/1029896/1031565.html|title=浦安市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.urayasu.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 June
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Chiyoda Gunma.svg|22px|border]] [[Chiyoda, Gunma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.chiyoda.gunma.jp/jyumin/jyumin/post-320.html|title=千代田町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Chiyoda Town|access-date=26 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nagaokakyo, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagaokakyō, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.nagaokakyo.lg.jp/0000011204.html|title=長岡京市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.nagaokakyo.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 July
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Higashimatsuyama, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashimatsuyama, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.higashimatsuyama.lg.jp/kurashi/jinken/1624242204517.html|title=東松山市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.migashimatsuyama.lg.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kanazawa, Ishikawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kanazawa|Kanazawa, Ishikawa]]<ref name="kanazawa">{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/147110c71a1e58f010671be1916f78b77052b1d3|title="結婚相当の関係"と公的に認定…『パートナーシップ制度』金沢市長が導入を前向きに検討する意向|website=Yahoo! Japan|date=10 December 2020|language=ja|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210105657/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/147110c71a1e58f010671be1916f78b77052b1d3|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bc8336f63104ebd9c68b4fb9e14fdd2e0719a9b2|title=石川県金沢市パートナーシップ宣誓制度開始 "第１号"のカップルが会見で思い語る|website=Yahoo! Japan|date=1 July 2021|language=ja|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701114041/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bc8336f63104ebd9c68b4fb9e14fdd2e0719a9b2|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Minamiashigara, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Minamiashigara, Kanagawa]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0608/2021/03/13/565601.html|title=パートナー宣誓制度 南足柄と大井で施行へ|website=Town News|date=13 March 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Oi, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōi, Kanagawa]]<ref name=":1"/>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|16 July
|[[File:Flag of Toyota, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyota, Aichi]]*<ref name="toyota">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.toyota.aichi.jp/shisetsu/sodan/1029402/1044814.html|title=三重県パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました|language=ja|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|27 August
|[[File:Flag of Saga Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Saga Prefecture|'''Saga''']]
|-
|1 September
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Mie Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Mie Prefecture|'''Mie''']]
* [[File:Flag of Miyoshi, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyoshi, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miyoshi.i-tokushima.jp/docs/2405702.html|title=三好市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.miyoshi.i-tokushima.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Iruma, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Iruma, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.iruma.saitama.jp/shisetsu/shisetsu_kyoiku/1012387/1012467/1013455.html|title=パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました！|website=www.city.iruma.saitama.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nikko, Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nikkō|Nikkō, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.nikko.lg.jp/jinkendanjo/gyousei/shisei/jinken-plan/20210901.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|language=ja|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shintomi Miyazaki.JPG|22px|border]] [[Shintomi, Miyazaki]]<ref name="shintomi">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/k/miyazaki/20210915/5060010605.html|title=新富町が「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」導入 県内で５番目|work=Miyazaki Prefecture News|language=ja|date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ube, Yamaguchi.svg|22px|border]] [[Ube, Yamaguchi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/19722855/|title=宇部市がパートナーシップ制度を導入 山口県内で初|website=www.news.livedoor.com|date=19 February 2021|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ube.yamaguchi.jp/kurashi/shiminjinken/jinken/1003155/1011762/1012653/index.html|title=宇部市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|website=www.city.ube.yamaguchi.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 October
|{{flatlist}}
*[[File:Flag of Akitakata, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Akitakata, Hiroshima]]<ref name="安芸高田市パートナーシップ制度はじまります！"/>
* [[File:Flag of Bizen, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Bizen, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sanyonews.jp/article/1180991|title=ＬＧＢＴカップル 婚姻相当に認定 備前市 パートナー制度１０月導入|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hikone, Shiga.svg|22px|border]] [[Hikone, Shiga]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20211001/ddl/k25/040/314000c|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 県内初、きょうから導入 手続きで受領証カード交付 彦根 ／滋賀|work=Mainichi|language=ja|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Karatsu, Saga.svg|22px|border]] [[Karatsu, Saga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.karatsu.lg.jp/jinken/kurashi/jinken/documents/youkou.pdf|title=唐津市パートナーシップの宣誓の取扱いに関する要綱|publisher=City of Karatsu|access-date=2 October 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kawajima, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kawajima, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kawajima.saitama.jp/item/9362.htm|title=川島町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を始めました|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kuki Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kuki, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20211003/ddl/k11/040/046000c|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 久喜市で1組手続き 今月導入 ／埼玉|publisher=Mainichi|language=ja|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Matsuda, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Matsuda, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://town.matsuda.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/7/pa-tona-ship.html|title=「松田町パートナーシップ宣誓制度」|publisher=Matsuda Town Website|access-date=8 October 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Moroyama Saitama.JPG|22px|border]] [[Moroyama, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.town.moroyama.saitama.jp/www/contents/1629192342657/index.html|title=毛呂山町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ozu Kumamoto.JPG|22px|border]] [[Ōzu, Kumamoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/kuma_niji2017/status/1443723470152503297|title=熊本県菊池郡大津町で、本日10月1日よりパートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Urasoe, Okinawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Urasoe, Okinawa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/840423|title=浦添市「性の多様性条例」が施行 パートナーシップ宣誓証明を１組申請|work=Okinawa Times|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|3 October
|[[File:Flag of Mukō, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Mukō|Mukō, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.muko.kyoto.jp/kurashi/soshiki/hurusatosouseisuisinnbu/koutyoukyoudouka/1/news/1632896483703.html|title=向日市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|language=ja|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|11 October
|[[File:Flag of Sayama, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Sayama|Sayama, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sayama.saitama.jp/kurashi/jinken/jinken/partner.html|title=狭山市パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|language=ja|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|1 November
|[[File:Flag of Naka Tokushima.JPG|22px|border]] [[Naka, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.tokushima-naka.lg.jp/gyosei/docs/2457868.html|title=那賀町パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Naka Village|date=1 November 2021|access-date= 29 November 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 December
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Ebino, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Ebino, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ebino.lg.jp/display.php?cont=211127085229|title=開始しました『えびの市パートナーシップ宣誓制度』|publisher=Ebino City|date=2 December 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Koshu, Yamanashi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kōshū, Yamanashi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.koshu.yamanashi.jp/docs/2021112900031/|title=甲州市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Kōshū City|date=1 December 2021|access-date=2 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kurashiki, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kurashiki|Kurashiki, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.kurashiki.okayama.jp/item/143641.htm|title=「倉敷市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」|publisher=Kurashiki City|date=1 December 2021|access-date=2 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Maniwa, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Maniwa|Maniwa, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/5c86955b6296c2ff582daa784201ea3d59212493|title=２人の間柄は"婚姻関係"と同じ…「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」開始 県内自治体では初【岡山・真庭市】|date=1 December 2021|access-date=1 December 2021|language=ja|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202115450/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/5c86955b6296c2ff582daa784201ea3d59212493|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tokigawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Tokigawa, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.tokigawa.lg.jp/info/2394|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました|publisher=Town of Tokigawa|date=1 December 2021|access-date=1 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Zentsuji, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Zentsūji, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.zentsuji.kagawa.jp/soshiki/11/partnership.html|title=善通寺市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher= Zentsūji City|language=ja|access-date=1 December 2021|date=1 December 2021}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|10 December
|[[File:Flag of Hakusan, Ishikawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Hakusan, Ishikawa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/kanazawa/20211210/3020010038.html|title=白山市で「パートナーシップ制度」|publisher=NHK News|date=10 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|16 December
|[[File:Flag of Funabashi, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Funabashi|Funabashi, Chiba]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.funabashi.lg.jp/kurashi/danjyokyoudou/002/p096733.html|title=【12月1日（水曜日）予約開始】ふなばしパートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Funabashi City|language=ja|access-date=16 November 2021|date=16 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|20 December
|[[File:Flag of Soka, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Sōka|Sōka, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.soka.saitama.jp/cont/s1402/PAGE000000000000071565.html|title=草加市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します【予約受付は、12月13日（月曜日）から】|publisher=Sōka City|date=8 December 2021|access-date=20 December 2021|language=ja|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114132/http://www.city.soka.saitama.jp/cont/s1402/PAGE000000000000071565.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=19 style="vertical-align: top;"|2022
|1 January
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Hanno Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Hannō|Hannō, Saitama]]*<ref name="1 Jan">{{cite news|url=http://www.bunkashinbun.co.jp/wp/2021/11/17/%e9%a3%af%e8%83%bd%e5%b8%82%e3%81%8c%e3%83%91%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%e3%83%8a%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b7%e3%83%83%e3%83%97%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e3%80%80%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%82%ab%e3%83%83%e3%83%97%e3%83%ab%e3%81%ae/|title=飯能市がパートナーシップ制度 同性カップルの関係を公認 来年１月１日導入|website=Bunka Shinbun|date=17 November 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hidaka, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Hidaka, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hidaka.lg.jp/oshirase/22218.html|title=日高市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Hidaka City|date=27 December 2021|access-date=28 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kagoshima, Kagoshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Kagoshima|Kagoshima, Kagoshima]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/kagoshima/20220104/5050017383.html|title=鹿児島市で「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」がスタート|publisher=NHK News Web|date=4 January 2022|access-date=4 January 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Mihara, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Mihara, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chugoku-np.co.jp/local/news/article.php?comment_id=803441&comment_sub_id=0&category_id=112|title=三原市がパートナー制 ２２年１月導入、手続きに個室も|date=25 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tokorozawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Tokorozawa, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.city.tokorozawa.saitama.jp/shiseijoho/danjo/jinken/danjyopartnership.html|title=パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度を開始します！|date=28 December 2021|access-date=2 January 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|4 January
|[[File:Flag of Gamagori, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Gamagōri|Gamagōri, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.gamagori.lg.jp/unit/kyodo/partnership.html|publisher=Gamagōri City|title=蒲郡市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|date=12 December 2021|access-date=4 January 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 February
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Ayase, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ayase, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.ayase.kanagawa.jp/hp/page000039200/hpg000039154.htm|title=綾瀬市パートナーシップ宣誓制度（2022年（令和4年）2月1日開始）|publisher=Ayase City|date=1 February 2022|access-date=1 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ichikawa, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Ichikawa, Chiba]]*<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.goo.ne.jp/article/asahi/region/asahi_region-ASQ2175XRQ21UDCB009.html|title=パートナー・ファミリーシップ制度開始、4組が届け出 市川市|publisher=Goo News|date=2 February 2022|access-date=2 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Samukawa, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Samukawa|Samukawa, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.samukawa.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/chomin/chominmadoguchi/sodan/info/jinnkenn/14539.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Samukawa Town|date=2 January 2021|language=ja|access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tama, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Tama, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tama.lg.jp/0000014487.html|title=多摩市パートナーシップ制度について|publisher=Tama City|date=19 January 2022|access-date=2 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yoshikawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Yoshikawa, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.yoshikawa.saitama.jp/index.cfm/27,91940,244,1242,html|title=吉川市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |publisher=Yoshikawa City|date=1 February 2022|access-date=2 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|7 February
|[[File:Flag of Aomori Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Aomori Prefecture|'''Aomori''']]
|-
|1 March
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Ebetsu, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Ebetsu|Ebetsu, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ebetsu.hokkaido.jp/soshiki/shiminseikatsu/99766.html|title=江別市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Ebetsu City|date=25 February 2022|access-date=1 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kamimine Saga.svg|22px|border]] [[Kamimine, Saga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kamimine.lg.jp/kiji003746/index.html|title=上峰町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Kamimine Town|date=3 March 2022|access-date=26 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Mima, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Mima, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.mima.lg.jp/gyosei/docs/17477.html|title=美馬市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Mima City|date=1 March 2022|access-date=1 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|23 March
|[[File:Flag of Fukaya, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukaya, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.fukaya.saitama.jp/topics/1647490662202.html|title=深谷市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 令和4年3月23日スタート|publisher=Fukaya City|access-date=23 March 2022|date=23 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 April
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Akita Prefecture|'''Akita''']]
* [[File:Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Fukuoka Prefecture|'''Fukuoka''']]
* [[File:Flag of Aikawa Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Aikawa, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.town.aikawa.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/minsei/jumin/soudan/info/1648787789656.html|title=愛川町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Aikawa|access-date=2 May 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Akita, Akita.svg|22px|border]] [[Akita (city)|Akita, Akita]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.akita.lg.jp/shisei/hoshin-keikaku/1011480/1034051/1033990.html|title=秋田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Akita City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Anan, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Anan, Tokushima]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.anan.tokushima.jp/docs/2022012000050/|title=阿南市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度|publisher=Anan City|access-date=1 April 2022|date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Atsugi, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Atsugi|Atsugi, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.atsugi.kanagawa.jp/material/files/group/3/202203010112.pdf|title=広報あつぎ2022年3月1日号（第1370号）|work=Atsugi City|access-date=28 February 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Auagawa Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ayagawa, Kagawa]]<ref name="Kagawa-ken">{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.kagawa.lg.jp/dowaseisaku/lgbt/20210422.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度導入市町について|publisher=Kagawa Prefecture|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Bungoono, Oita.svg|22px|border]] [[Bungo-Ōno|Bungo-Ōno, Ōita]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bungo-ohno.jp/article/2022030100046/|title=『豊後大野市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度』４月１日スタート！|publisher=Bungo-Ōno City|language=ja|access-date=2 March 2022|date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ebina, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ebina, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/news/government/article-862356.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 海老名市が４月から導入へ |publisher=カナロコ|date=6 March 2022|access-date=6 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fuchū Town, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Fuchū, Hiroshima (town)|Fuchū-cho, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.fuchu.hiroshima.jp/site/jinkensuishinshitu/34571.html|title=府中町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Fuchū Town|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fujimi, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Fujimi, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fujimi.saitama.jp/shisei/danjyokyoudou/partneshipseido.html|title=富士見市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Fujimi City|language=ja|access-date=1 April 2022|date=1 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fukuchiyama, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukuchiyama, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite news|title=多様な性を認め合おう 市がパートナーシップ制度の運用開始|url=https://www.ryoutan.co.jp/articles/2022/04/93056/|publisher=両丹日日新聞|date=1 April 2022|access-date=5 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Fukutsu Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukutsu, Fukuoka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fukutsu.lg.jp/information/9643.html|title=福津市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度の導入についての市民意見公募結果|publisher=Fukutsu City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hakodate, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Hakodate|Hakodate, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/649904|title=「パートナーシップ制度」函館も導入 ４月から、道内４自治体目|website=Hokkaido Shimbun|date=25 February 2021|access-date=28 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hatoyama, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Hatoyama, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.town.hatoyama.saitama.jp/kurashi/jinken/1646898180320.html|title=鳩山町パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|publisher=Hatoyama Town|date=24 March 2022|access-date=24 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hatsukaichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Hatsukaichi|Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.city.hatsukaichi.hiroshima.jp/soshiki/20/77688.html|title= 廿日市市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Hatsukaichi City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Himeji, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Himeji|Himeji, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/himeji/202204/0015185111.shtml|title=姫路市パートナー制度導入「待ちわびていた」 市長が１組目に宣誓受領証渡して祝福|publisher=神戸新聞|date=2 April 2022|access-date=3 April 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hiratsuka, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Hiratsuka|Hiratsuka, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hiratsuka.kanagawa.jp/jinken/page42_00176.html|title=平塚市パートナーシップ宣誓制度（令和4年4月1日開始）|publisher=Hiratsuka City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kadogawa, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Kadogawa, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kadogawa.lg.jp/live/page004020.html|title=門川町パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|publisher=Kadogawa Town|access-date=2 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kaisei, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kaisei, Kanagawa]]<ref name="Kaisei">{{cite news|url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/news/government/article-892599.html|title=開成、中井、山北町でパートナー制度 足柄上で相互利用へ|publisher=カナロコ|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kamikawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kamikawa, Saitama]]<ref name="Honjo">{{cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/162188|title=パートナー制度で連携 本庄市、美里町、神川町、上里町 「性的マイノリティーの理解深まれば」 |publisher=東京新聞|date=25 February 2022|access-date=2 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kamisato, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kamisato, Saitama]]<ref name="Honjo"/>
* [[File:Flag of Kanonji, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kan'onji, Kagawa]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kanonji.kagawa.jp/soshiki/11/36710.html|title=観音寺市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kasaoka, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kasaoka|Kasaoka, Okayama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp/soshiki/17/42724.html|title=令和４年４月から笠岡市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|publisher=Kasaoka City|date=31 March 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kasuya, Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kasuya, Fukuoka]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kasuya.fukuoka.jp/s037/070/010/010/010/20220329100624.html|title=粕屋町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度|publisher=Kasuya Town|access-date=31 March 2022|date=31 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kita, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Kita, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kita.tokyo.jp/tayosei/partnership-sensei.html|title=北区パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Kita Ward|access-date=18 March 2022|date=18 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kitami, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Kitami|Kitami, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/664375/|title=北見市、パートナー制度制定 ６月から宣誓受け付け|publisher=北海道新聞|date=1 April 2022|access-date=5 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Komagane, Nagano.svg|22px|border]] [[Komagane, Nagano]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.goo.ne.jp/article/naganonp/region/naganonp-91712.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度スタート 駒ケ根市|publisher=gooニュース|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kosai, Shizuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kosai, Shizuoka]]*<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.at-s.com/news/article/shizuoka/1049307.html|title=子どもも家族」は静岡県内初 静岡、湖西市パートナー制度運用開始|publisher=あなたの静岡新聞|date=5 April 2022|access-date=5 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kotohira, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kotohira, Kagawa]]<ref name="Kagawa-ken"/>
* [[File:Flag of Kumagaya, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kumagaya|Kumagaya, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kumagaya.lg.jp/about/soshiki/sogo/jinkenseisaku/oshirase/partner.html|title=熊谷市パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|publisher=Kumagaya City|date=3 March 2022|access-date=3 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Manno, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Mannō, Kagawa]]<ref name="Kagawa-ken"/>
* [[File:Flag of Misato, Saitama (town).svg|22px|border]] [[Misato, Saitama (town)|Misato, Saitama]]<ref name="Honjo"/>
* [[File:Flag of Miyashiro Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyashiro, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ3G73B5Q33UTNB017.html|title=宮代町がパートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度を4月から|publisher=朝日新聞|date=15 February 2022|access-date=17 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Musashino, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Musashino, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.city.musashino.lg.jp/kurashi_guide/shiminkatsudo/danjokyodosankaku/1036016.html|title=武蔵野市パートナーシップ制度|publisher=Musashino City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nakai, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Nakai, Kanagawa]]<ref name="Kaisei"/>
* [[File:Flag of Ninomiya, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ninomiya, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.town.ninomiya.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/seisakusomu/chiikiseisaku/chiikishien/keikaku/sexualminority/1639096561181.html|title=二宮町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Ninomiya Town|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nogi Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nogi, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.nogi.lg.jp/data/doc/1648609185_doc_33_0.pdf|title=野木町パートナーシップの宣誓の取扱いに関する要綱を次のように定め、令和４年４月１日から適用する|date=11 March 2022|language=ja|publisher=Nogi Town|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Oiso, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōiso|Ōiso, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.town.oiso.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/chomin/chomin/tanto/danjokyoudou/16673.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Ōiso Town |access-date=14 April 2022 |date=1 April 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Okazaki, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Okazaki, Aichi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.okazaki.lg.jp/houdou/p035237.html|title=県内初の条例による「パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度」を開始します。|publisher=Okazaki City|date=30 March 2022|access-date=31 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Saito Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Saito, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.saito.lg.jp/kurashi/jinken_danjo/post_1027.html|title=「西都市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」を導入しました|publisher=Saito City|date=1 April 2022|access-date=6 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sanuki, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Sanuki, Kagawa]]<ref name="Kagawa-ken"/>
* [[File:Flag of Seki, Gifu.svg|22px|border]] [[Seki, Gifu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.seki.lg.jp/cmsfiles/contents/0000017/17918/05.pdf|title=関市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Seki City|access-date=9 February 2022|date=9 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shinshiro, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Shinshiro|Shinshiro, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tonichi.net/news/index.php?id=93588|title=パートナー宣誓来月開始|publisher=東日新聞|access-date=9 March 2022|date=9 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shizuoka, Shizuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Shizuoka (city)|Shizuoka, Shizuoka]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.shizuoka.lg.jp/003_000001_00131.html|title=静岡市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Shizuoka City|language=ja|access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tahara, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Tahara, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tahara.aichi.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/009/354/2203/2203-4.pdf|title=田原市パートナーシップ制度を導入します|publisher=Tahara City|date=24 March 2022|access-date=2 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Takahama, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Takahama, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.takahama.lg.jp/soshiki/seisaku/22972.html|title=高浜市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Takahama City|date=30 March 2022|access-date=2 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Taketa, Oita.svg|22px|border]] [[Taketa, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.taketa.oita.jp/material/files/group/8/jinken13.pdf|title=竹田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度』が 2022年（令和4年）4月1日からスタートします|publisher=Taketa City|language=ja|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tatsuno, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Tatsuno, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/seiban/202202/0015063489.shtml|title=同性カップル、結婚相当と認定 たつの市「パートナー制度」４月導入へ 市営住宅入居可能に|publisher=神戸新聞NEXT|date=15 February 2022|access-date=17 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Utazu, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Utazu|Utazu, Kagawa]]<ref name="Kagawa-ken"/>
* [[File:Flag of Yamakita, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Yamakita, Kanagawa]]<ref name="Kaisei"/>
* [[File:Flag of Yashio Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Yashio, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.yashio.lg.jp/shisei/shichonoheya/kishakaiken/R4dai1kaiteireikai.files/siryou7.pdf|title=八潮市パートナーシップ宣誓制度をスタート|publisher=Yashio City|date=24 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yokoze, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Yokoze, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.yokoze.saitama.jp/yokoze/oshirase/53011|title=横瀬町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Yokoze Town|date=31 March 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yoshimi, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Yoshimi, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.yoshimi.saitama.jp/soshiki/jichi_zaisei/zinken/2723.html|title=吉見町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Yoshimi Town|date=25 March 2022|access-date=30 March 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yoshiokawa Gunma.JPG|22px|border]] [[Yoshioka, Gunma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.yoshioka.gunma.jp/kurashi/sankaku/post_90.html|title=吉岡町パートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Yoshioka Town|date=6 June 2022|access-date=2 July 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|25 April
|[[File:Flag of Arakawa, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Arakawa, Tokyo]]<ref name="tokyo">{{cite news|url=https://www.city.arakawa.tokyo.jp/a001/psseido.html|title=荒川区同性パートナーシップ制度を開始します！|publisher=Arakawa City|date=21 April 2022|access-date=8 May 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 May
|[[File:Flag of Kasugai, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kasugai, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.kasugai.lg.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/027/951/chirashi.pdf|title=春日井市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 案内チラシ|publisher=Kasugai City|access-date=6 May 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 June
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Hyuga.svg|22px|border]] [[Hyūga, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hyugacity.jp/sp/display.php?cont=220513170755|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度の開始について|publisher=Hyūga City|date=31 May 2022|access-date=1 June 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Narashino, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Narashino|Narashino, Chiba]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.narashino.lg.jp/smph/joho/danjokyodo/partnership.html|title=習志野市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度が始まりました|website=Narashino City|date=1 June 2022|access-date=1 June 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Naruto, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Naruto, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.naruto.tokushima.jp/kurashi/jinken/danjo/partnershipfamilyship.html|title=鳴門市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Naruto City|date=1 June 2022|access-date=4 June 2022| language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sakaide, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakaide, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sakaide.lg.jp/soshiki/jinken/partnership.html|title=坂出市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|date=1 June 2022|access-date=4 June 2022|language=ja|publisher=Sakaide City}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tosashimizu, Kochi.svg|22px|border]] [[Tosashimizu, Kōchi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.tosashimizu.kochi.jp/kurashi/section/jinken/partnership.html|title=土佐清水市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ登録制度|publisher=Tosashimizu City|access-date=1 June 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 July
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Fujimino, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Fujimino, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fujimino.saitama.jp/soshikiichiran/shiminsogosodanshitsu/shiminsodan_jinkensuishingakari/danzyokyoudousankakusuisin/10172.html|title=ふじみ野市パートナーシップ宣誓制度（令和4年7月1日開始）|publisher=Fujimino City|access-date=1 July 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ibaraki, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Ibaraki, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ibaraki City|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2022|date=1 July 2022|url=https://www.city.ibaraki.osaka.jp/kikou/shimin/jinken/menu/sexual_minority/58214.html|title=茨木市パートナーシップ宣誓制度}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kiyokawa, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Kiyokawa, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0404/2022/07/15/634055.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 清川村も導入 |publisher=Town News|date=15 July 2022|access-date=16 July 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sakaiminato, Tottori.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakaiminato, Tottori]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.city.sakaiminato.lg.jp/index.php?view=112638|title=山陰初導入へ「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」 鳥取県境港市|publisher=Sakaiminato City|language=ja|access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Toyokawa, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyokawa, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.toyokawa.lg.jp/kurashi/shiminsodan/patonasennsei.html|title=豊川市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Toyokawa City|date=28 June 2022|access-date=2 July 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|30 July
|[[File:Flag of Kikuchi, Kumamoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Kikuchi, Kumamoto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.kikuchi.lg.jp/q/aview/146/29765.html|title=菊池市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を導入しました|publisher=Kikuchi City|access-date=3 August 2022|date=29 July 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 September
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Tochigi Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Tochigi Prefecture|'''Tochigi''']]
* [[File:Flag of Ichinomiya, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Ichinomiya, Aichi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/sougouseisaku/seisaku/1044355/1011554/1050654.html|title=一宮市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始します！|publisher=Ichinomiya City|date=5 September 2022|access-date=5 September 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Miki, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Miki, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.miki.lg.jp/life/dtl.php?hdnKey=7109|title=９月１日からパートナーシップ宣誓制度がはじまります。|publisher=Miki Town|language=ja|access-date=4 September 2022|date=31 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Misato, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Misato, Saitama (city)|Misato, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.misato.lg.jp/secure/43305/%E3%81%94%E6%A1%88%E5%86%852.pdf|title=三郷市パートナーシップ 宣誓制度のご案内|publisher=Misato City|access-date=1 September 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sanjo, Niigata.svg|22px|border]] [[Sanjō, Niigata]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sanjo.niigata.jp/soshiki/somubu/seisakusuishin/kohokocho/kishakaiken/kaiken_r4/15794.html|title=令和4年8月24日(水曜日)臨時市長記者会見|publisher=Sanjō City|date=24 August 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sano Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Sano, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sano.lg.jp/kurashi_gyosei/kurashi_tetsuzuki/koseki_jumintorokunado/partner/20633.html|title=佐野市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を実施しています|publisher=Sano Town|date=1 September 2022|access-date=2 September 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Toyoyama, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyoyama|Toyoyama, Aichi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.toyoyama.lg.jp/chosei/yakuba-annai/1003837/1005087.html|title=「パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度」について|publisher=Toyoyama Town|date=7 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 October
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Awa, Tokushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Awa, Tokushima]]<ref>{{cite web |title=阿波市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始しました。 |url=https://www.city.awa.lg.jp/docs/2022091300034/ |publisher=Awa City |access-date=22 November 2022 |language=ja |date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Echizen, Fukui (city).svg|22px|border]] [[Echizen, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/amp/article/555230|title=パートナー制度きょう導入 越前市、５組宣誓予定|publisher=中日新聞|date=1 October 2022|access-date=1 October 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hashimoto, Wakayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Hashimoto, Wakayama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hashimoto.lg.jp/guide/sogoseisakubu/jinkendanjyosuishin/paatonasittupu/14518.html|title=10月1日から「橋本市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」が始まります|publisher=Hashimoto City|language=ja|date=15 September 2022|access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kaita, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Kaita, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kaita.lg.jp/soshiki/13/127867.html|title=海田町パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Kaita Town|date=22 September 2022|language=ja|access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kuroshio Kochi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kuroshio, Kōchi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.kuroshio.lg.jp/pb/cont/jinken/34534|title=令和4年10月1日より黒潮町パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります|publisher=Kuroshio Town|language=ja|date=20 September 2022|access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Mimasaka Okayama.JPG|22px|border]] [[Mimasaka, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=美作市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度／美作市ホームページ |url=http://www.city.mimasaka.lg.jp/shimin/kurashi/jinken/1661841026661.html |publisher=Mimasaka City |access-date=23 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Miyoshi, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyoshi, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.aichi-miyoshi.lg.jp/kyodo/danzyokyoudou/documents/20221001partnershipfamilyshipsenseiseido.html|title=パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|publisher=Miyoshi City|language=ja|access-date=17 November 2022|date=4 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nasushiobara, Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nasushiobara|Nasushiobara, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.nasushiobara.lg.jp/material/files/group/5/1_nasushiobara_partner_senseiseido.pdf|title=なすしおばらパートナーシップ宣誓制度について|publisher=Nasushiobara Town|language=ja|access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Otawara, Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōtawara|Ōtawara, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.tochigi.lg.jp/c07/documents/riyousaki.pdf|title=とちぎパートナーシップ宣誓書受領カード等の利用先について|publisher=Tochigi Prefecture|date=1 October 2022|language=ja|access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Setouchi, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Setouchi, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.city.setouchi.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/113644.pdf|title=広報せとうち令和4（2022）年10月号（第215号）|publisher=Setouchi City|date=22 September 2022|language=ja|access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Zama, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Zama, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.city.zama.kanagawa.jp/www/contents/1663132868250/files/0930.pdf|title=座間市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始|publisher=Zama City|date=30 September 2022|access-date=2 October 2022|language=ja|location=Zama}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|11 October
|[[File:Flag of Toda, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Toda, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.toda.saitama.jp/soshiki/192/community-partnership-familyship.html|title=戸田市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度について|publisher=Toda City|date=1 October 2022|access-date=11 October 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 November
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Tokyo Metropolis.svg|22px|border]] '''[[Tokyo]]'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soumu.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/10jinken/base/upload/item/guide_en.pdf|title=Tokyo Partnership Oath System User Guide|publisher=Tokyo Metropolitan Government|date=April 2023|access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ikeda, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Ikeda, Osaka]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ikeda.osaka.jp/soshiki/siminseikatsu/jinkenbunka/jinken/15869.html|title=池田市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|date=25 October 2022|access-date=1 November 2022|language=ja|publisher=Ikeda City}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nankoku, Kochi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nankoku, Kōchi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和４年１１月から南国市パートナーシップ登録制度が始まります！ - 南国市役所:::::土佐のまほろば::::: |url=https://www.city.nankoku.lg.jp/life/life_dtl.php?hdnKey=7644 |publisher=Nankoku City |access-date=11 March 2023 |language=ja |format=1 November 2022}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 December
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Asakuchi, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Asakuchi|Asakuchi, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.asakuchi.lg.jp/gyose/sankaku/jinken/partnership.html|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度|publisher=Asakuchi City|access-date=1 December 2022|date=1 December 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nagano, Nagano.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagano, Nagano]]<ref>{{cite news |title=長野市「パートナーシップ宣言制度」 カップルが申請に訪れる |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/nagano/20221201/1010024850.html |access-date=1 December 2022 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=1 December 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nagoya, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagoya|Nagoya, Aichi]]*<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.nagoya.jp/sportsshimin/page/0000158882.html|title=報道資料 令和4年11月7日発表 「名古屋市ファミリーシップ制度」の受付を開始します|publisher=Nagoya City|access-date=1 December 2022|date=30 November 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Obihiro, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Obihiro|Obihiro, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=第１号カップル「認められうれしい」 パートナーシップ制度 帯広で初の登録 |url=https://kachimai.jp/article/index.php?no=576253 |access-date=1 December 2022 |work=十勝毎日新聞電子版 |date=1 December 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|4 December
|[[File:Flag of Nonoichi Ishikawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Nonoichi, Ishikawa]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=「人権啓発映画会」ならびに「パートナーシップ宣誓書受領証交付式」の開催について |url=https://www.city.nonoichi.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/30272.pdf |publisher=Nonoichi City |access-date=6 December 2022 |language=ja |date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|23 December
|[[File:Flag of Ichinoseki, Iwate.svg|22px|border]] [[Ichinoseki, Iwate]]*<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度､きょう施行 一関市､県内で初の導入 |url=https://www.iwate-np.co.jp/article/2022/12/23/131665 |access-date=23 December 2022 |work=IWATE NIPPO 岩手日報 |date=23 December 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="20" style="vertical-align: top;" |2023
|1 January
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Hita, Oita.svg|22px|border]] [[Hita, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite web |title=日田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.hita.oita.jp/soshiki/kikakushinko/machi/shiminkyodo/kyodo_jinken/partner_ship/14451.html |publisher=Hita City |access-date=1 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Marugame, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Marugame, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=丸亀市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.marugame.lg.jp/itwinfo/i40386/ |publisher=Marugame City |access-date=4 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ogano, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ogano, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始しました {{!}} 小鹿野町 |url=https://www.town.ogano.lg.jp/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E5%AE%A3%E8%AA%93%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E3%82%92%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F/ |publisher=Ogano Town |access-date=10 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shiraoka Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Shiraoka, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=白岡市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します。 |url=https://www.city.shiraoka.lg.jp/item/26713.htm#ContentPane |publisher=Shiraoka City |access-date=1 January 2023 |language=ja |date=27 December 2022}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|4 January
|[[File:Flag of Tomakomai, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Tomakomai|Tomakomai, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=苫小牧市でパートナーシップ制度開始 道内自治体で６例目 ｜NHK 北海道のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sapporo-news/20230103/7000053893.html |access-date=4 January 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=4 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|5 January
|[[File:Flag of Miyoshi, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyoshi, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web |title=広島県三次市 三次市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.miyoshi.hiroshima.jp/teijyu_m/kyouseisyakai_m/danjyo_kyodo_sankaku/miyoshi_partnership_senseiseido.html |publisher=Miyoshi City |access-date=5 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|10 January
|[[File:Flag of Wako, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Wakō, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=和光市/和光市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度 |url=http://www.city.wako.lg.jp/home/kyoiku/danjo/partnership_familyship.html |publisher=Wakō City |access-date=12 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1 February
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Iwamizawa, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Iwamizawa|Iwamizawa, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite web |title=岩見沢市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.city.iwamizawa.hokkaido.jp/soshiki/shiminrenkeishitsu/shiminkatsudo_community/3/seinotayousei/10342.html |publisher=Iwamizawa City |access-date=1 February 2023 |language=ja |date=1 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Komaki, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Komaki|Komaki, Aichi]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=小牧市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始します（令和5年2月1日～）|url=http://www.city.komaki.aichi.jp/admin/soshiki/kodomomirai/tasedaipuraza/danzyokyoudou/manabi/shimin/1/1/39744.html |publisher=Komaki City |access-date=1 February 2023 |language=ja |date=31 January 2022}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nagaoka, Niigata.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagaoka, Niigata]]*<ref>{{cite news |title=誰もが暮らしやすく、新潟長岡市でパートナーシップ制度開始 性的少数者のカップルを証明、ファミリーシップ制度も |url=https://www.niigata-nippo.co.jp/articles/-/170912 |access-date=2 February 2023 |work=新潟日報デジタルプラス |date=2 February 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 March
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Shizuoka Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Shizuoka Prefecture|'''Shizuoka''']]<ref>{{cite web |title=静岡県パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります |url=https://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kensei/introduction/bukyokucho/1002380/1045969/1052257.html |publisher=Shizuoka Prefecture |access-date=1 March 2023 |language=ja |date=1 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Toyama Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Toyama Prefecture|'''Toyama''']]<ref>{{cite news |last1=杉山 |first1=加奈 |title=富山県でパートナーシップ宣誓制度開始 |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/toyama-blog/480055.html?cid=orjp-ala160 |access-date=1 March 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=1 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kikuyo Kumamoto.jpg|22px|border]] [[Kikuyō, Kumamoto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=菊陽町パートナーシップの宣誓の取扱いに関する要綱 |url=https://www.town.kikuyo.lg.jp/kiji0033689/3_3689_11300_up_rdsygbop.pdf |publisher=Kikuyō Town |access-date=11 March 2023 |language=ja |date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Konan, Kochi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kōnan, Kōchi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=香南市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.kochi-konan.lg.jp/soshikikarasagasu/jinkenka/tayounasei/8122.html |publisher=Kōnan City |access-date=23 February 2023 |language=ja |date=23 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nisshin, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nisshin, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=日進市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.city.nisshin.lg.jp/department/seikatu/kyoudou/3/9/dc/13914.html |publisher=Nisshin City |access-date=9 March 2023 |language=ja |date=9 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ranzan, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ranzan, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=嵐山町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を始めました |url=https://www.town.ranzan.saitama.jp/0000006610.html |publisher=Ranzan Town |access-date=10 March 2023 |language=ja |date=1 March 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|15 March
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Chofu, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Chōfu|Chōfu, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=調布市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.city.chofu.tokyo.jp/www/contents/1675659181323/index_k.html |publisher=Chōfu City |access-date=15 March 2023 |language=ja |date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kashiwa, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Kashiwa|Kashiwa, Chiba]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=柏市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度を施行 |url=https://www.city.kashiwa.lg.jp/kyosei-c/sankakueye/partner-family-ship.html |publisher=Kashiwa City |access-date=15 March 2023 |language=ja |date=13 March 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|23 March
|[[File:Flag of Kazo Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kazo, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=加須市パートナーシップ制度 |url=https://www.city.kazo.lg.jp/soshiki/jinken/jinken_1/zinkensonchou/31236.html |publisher=Kazo City |access-date=22 March 2023 |language=ja |date=16 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1 April
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Asaka, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Asaka, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=朝霞市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度 |url=https://www.city.asaka.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/84987.pdf |publisher=Asaka City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Aso, Kumamoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Aso, Kumamoto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=阿蘇 広報あそ 2023年4月号 |url=https://www.city.aso.kumamoto.jp/files/uploads/2023/03/pr202304_all_full.pdf |publisher=Aso City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ayabe, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Ayabe, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和５年度からパートナーシップ制度を導入 |url=https://www.city.ayabe.lg.jp/cmsfiles/contents/0000003/3119/partnership.pdf |publisher=Ayabe City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Bungotakada, Ōita.svg|22px|border]] [[Bungotakada, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和5年4月から「豊後高田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」がスタートします！ |url=https://www.city.bungotakada.oita.jp/soshiki/12/11987.html |publisher=Bungotakada City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=30 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Chiryū, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Chiryū|Chiryū, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=知立市がパートナーシップ制度 ４月から導入：中日新聞Web |url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/661697 |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=中日新聞Web |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Gojō, Nara.svg|22px|boder]] [[Gojō, Nara]]<ref>{{cite web |title=五條市パートナーシップ宣誓手続き|url=https://www.city.gojo.lg.jp/life_stage/soudan/13627.html |publisher=Gojō City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hakone, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Hakone|Hakone, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」を創設しました。 {{!}} 箱根町 |url=https://www.town.hakone.kanagawa.jp/www/contents/1680146928324/index.html |publisher=Hakone Town |access-date=2 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Handa, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Handa, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=半田市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度について |url=https://www.city.handa.lg.jp/s-kyodo/danzyo/partnership-familyship.html |publisher=Handa City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=27 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hasuda Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Hasuda, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=蓮田市／4月1日から蓮田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します |url=http://www.city.hasuda.saitama.jp/jinken/kurashi/jinken/partnership.html |publisher=Hasuda City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashihiroshima|Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web |title=東広島市パートナーシップ宣誓制度が始まります！～すべての人が自分らしく生きることができるまち～ |url=https://www.city.higashihiroshima.lg.jp/soshiki/seikatsukankyo/6/4/35251.html |publisher=Higashihiroshima City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=23 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hino, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Hino, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=日野市パートナーシップ制度 |url=https://www.city.hino.lg.jp/kurashi/danjo/danjo/1022607/1022610.html |publisher=Hino City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hokuto, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Hokuto, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite web |title=市営住宅の入居資格の見直しについて - 北斗市 |url=https://www.city.hokuto.hokkaido.jp/docs/14386.html |publisher=Hokuto City |access-date=3 April 2023 |language=ja |date=3 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ibara, Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ibara|Ibara, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=井原市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度について（令和５年４月開始 |url=https://www.city.ibara.okayama.jp/docs/2023032200017/ |publisher=Ibara City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ikaruga, Nara.svg|22px|border]] [[Ikaruga, Nara]]<ref>{{cite news |title=性的少数者向け、パートナー制度 斑鳩町、4月創設 ／奈良 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230228/ddl/k29/040/294000c |access-date=3 April 2023 |work=毎日新聞 |date=28 February 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Imabari Ehime.svg|22px|border]] [[Imabari, Ehime]]<ref>{{cite web |title=今治市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.imabari.ehime.jp/jinken/partnership/ |publisher=Imabari City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kaizu, Gifu.svg|22px|border]] [[Kaizu|Kaizu, Gifu]]*<ref>{{cite news |title=海津市ファミリーシップの宣誓に関する要綱 |url=https://www.city.kaizu.lg.jp/kurashi/cmsfiles/contents/0000001/1308/famiri-shipyoukou.pdf |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=Kaizu City |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kanda Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kanda, Fukuoka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=苅田町公式 パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.town.kanda.lg.jp/_1021/_1056/_7986.html |publisher=Kanda Town |access-date=3 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kasukabe, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Kasukabe, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite press release |title=春日部市パートナーシップ・ ファミリーシップ宣誓制度を開始します。 |url=https://www.city.kasukabe.lg.jp/material/files/group/6/2030316_partnership.pdf |publisher=Kasukabe City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=16 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Katsuyama, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Katsuyama, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度を導入します - 恐竜のまち 勝山市公式ホームページ |url=https://www.city.katsuyama.fukui.jp/soshiki/2/23965.html |publisher=Katsuyama City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=22 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kisarazu, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Kisarazu|Kisarazu, Chiba]]<ref>{{cite web |title=木更津市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.kisarazu.lg.jp/kurashi/sanka/1011021/1011023.html |publisher=Kisarazu City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=27 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kobayashi, Miyazaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Kobayashi, Miyazaki]]<ref>{{cite web |title=「小林市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」が導入されました。|url=https://www.city.kobayashi.lg.jp/soshikikarasagasu/shiminseikatsubushiminka_jinkengurupu/heiwa_jinken/6997.html |publisher=Kobayashi City |access-date=4 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Koshi Kumamoto vector.svg|22px|border]] [[Kōshi, Kumamoto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=合志市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度の運用を開始しました |url=https://www.city.koshi.lg.jp/kiji00322274/index.html |publisher=Kōshi City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Machida, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Machida, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=町田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.machida.tokyo.jp/kurashi/community/danjo/tayousei/psseidodounyu.html |publisher=Machida City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Maibara Shiga.svg|22px|border]] [[Maibara, Shiga]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=米原市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.maibara.lg.jp/soshiki/soumu/jinken/sankaku/19178.html |publisher=Maibara City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Matsubushi, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Matsubushi, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=「松伏町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度」（素案）について |url=http://www.town.matsubushi.saitama.jp/www/contents/1671164163248/index.html |publisher=Matsubushi Town |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Meiwa, Mie.svg|22px|border]] [[Meiwa, Mie]]<ref>{{cite news |title=同性カップル（LGBTQ＋）などに証明書 明和町が三重県内初 子供も家族認定（夕刊三重） |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/fec41c1713e212c746a5265f7be96af84d2d2605 |access-date=3 April 2023 |work=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nachikatsuura, Wakayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Nachikatsuura|Nachikatsuura, Wakayama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=- 和歌山県 那智勝浦町 -那智勝浦町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度を導入しました |url=https://www.town.nachikatsuura.wakayama.jp/info/1335 |publisher=Nachikatsuura Town |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Namegawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Namegawa, Saitama]]*<ref name="Saitama">{{cite news |title=埼玉 広がるパートナーシップ 63市町村中54が導入：朝日新聞デジタル |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASR3V73N0R3QUTNB016.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=朝日新聞デジタル |date=26 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Naoshima, Kagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Naoshima, Kagawa]]<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 全17市町に拡大 ／香川 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230401/ddl/k37/040/376000c |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=毎日新聞 |date=31 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nasukarasuyama Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nasukarasuyama|Nasukarasuyama, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=那須烏山市パートナーシップ宣誓制度／那須烏山市公式ホームページ |url=https://www.city.nasukarasuyama.lg.jp/page/page004063.html |publisher=Nasukarasuyama City |access-date=14 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Niiza, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Niiza, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=新座市パートナーシップ・ ファミリーシップ届出制度 利用の手引き |url=https://www.city.niiza.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/54798.pdf |publisher=Niiza City |access-date=1 April 2023 |page=1 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nogata Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Nōgata, Fukuoka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=直方市公式ホームページ｜「直方市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」が始まります |url=https://www.city.nogata.fukuoka.jp/kurashi/_1207/_12520.html |publisher=Nōgata City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ogawa, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Ogawa, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=小川町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度の開始 |url=https://www.town.ogawa.saitama.jp/0000005759.html |publisher=Ogawa Town |access-date=3 April 2023 |language=ja |date=3 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Omura, Nagasaki.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōmura, Nagasaki]]<ref>{{cite news |title=『パートナーシップ制度』 大村市が新年度導入 対象者に証明書を交付 |url=https://www.nagasaki-np.co.jp/kijis/?kijiid=1003849796555816960 |access-date=3 April 2023 |work=長崎新聞社 |date=2 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Oyama, Tochigi.svg|22px|border]] [[Oyama, Tochigi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和5年4月1日から「小山市パートナーシップ宣誓制度」をはじめます - 小山市ホームページ |url=https://www.city.oyama.tochigi.jp/soshiki/15/265370.html |publisher=Oyama City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ōzu, Ehime.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōzu, Ehime]]<ref>{{cite news |title=大洲市 パートナーシップ制度で意見募集｜NHK 愛媛のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/matsuyama-news/20230108/8000014934.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=8 January 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sabae, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Sabae, Fukui]]<ref name="Sabae">{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ制度 新たに勝山市と鯖江市が４月から導入へ｜NHK 福井県のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/fukui/20230330/3050014310.html |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sakata, Yamagata.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakata, Yamagata]]<ref>{{cite web |title=酒田市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.sakata.lg.jp/kurashi/danjyo/partnership.html |website=www.city.sakata.lg.jp |access-date=31 March 2023 |date=31 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Satte Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Satte, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=幸手市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.city.satte.lg.jp/sitetop/soshiki/jinkensuishin/jinken/9971.html |publisher=Satte City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shiki, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Shiki, Saitama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=志木市パートナーシップ及びファミリーシップ届出制度を開始します - 志木市ホームページ |url=https://www.city.shiki.lg.jp/soshiki/32/10990.html |publisher=Shiki City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sugito, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Sugito, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=杉戸町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=http://www.town.sugito.lg.jp/cms/page17005.html |publisher=Sugito Town |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Suita, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Suita, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=吹田市パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度｜吹田市公式ウェブサイト |url=https://www.city.suita.osaka.jp/kurashi/1018573/1026208.html |publisher=Suita |access-date=3 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sumida, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Sumida, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=墨田区パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.sumida.lg.jp/kuseijoho/jinken_danzyo/jinken/sumida_partnership.html |publisher=Sumida City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Takasago, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Takasago, Hyōgo]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=高砂市「多様な性」に関する取組方針 |url=https://www.city.takasago.lg.jp/soshikikarasagasu/jinkensuishinka/sonohokafukushi/1/seinotayousei/8751.html |publisher=Takasago City |access-date=3 April 2023 |language=ja |date=3 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tanba, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Tamba, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=丹波市 パートナーシップ宣誓制度について - 丹波市ホームページ |url=https://www.city.tamba.lg.jp/soshiki/jinken/tannbasipa-tona-sippurennkeigo.html |publisher=Tamba City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tambasasayama, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Tamba-Sasayama|Tamba-Sasayama, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和5年4月1日 丹波篠山市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します|url=https://www.city.tambasasayama.lg.jp/oshirase/23510.html |publisher=Tamba-Sasayama City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tokai, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Tōkai, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度の導入｜東海市公式ウェブサイト |url=https://www.city.tokai.aichi.jp/kurashi/1002050/1002055/1006153.html |publisher=Tōkai City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja |date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tsurugashima Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Tsurugashima, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=鶴ヶ島市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度について |url=https://www.city.tsurugashima.lg.jp/page/page009724.html |publisher=Tsurugashima City |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Wake Okayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Wake, Okayama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=和気町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.town.wake.lg.jp/gyosei/gyoseiOshirase/12829/ |publisher=Wake Town |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=ja |date=3 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yugawara, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Yugawara|Yugawara, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=湯河原町パートナーシップ宣誓制度（令和5年4月1日開始） - 四季彩のまち湯河原公式ホームページ |url=https://www.town.yugawara.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/12/18654.html |publisher=Yugawara Town |access-date=2 April 2023 |language=ja |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|24 April
|[[File:Flag of Suginami, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Suginami|Suginami, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ制度 |url=https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/guide/kusei/jinken/1086651.html |publisher=Suginami City |access-date=26 April 2023 |language=ja |date=24 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1 May
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Matsubara, Osaka.svg|22px|border]] [[Matsubara|Matsubara, Osaka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=松原市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度 |url=https://www.city.matsubara.lg.jp/soshiki/jinken_center/18907.html |publisher=Matsubara City |access-date=16 May 2023 |language=ja |date=28 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Morioka, Iwate.svg|22px|border]] [[Morioka|Morioka, Iwate]]*<ref>{{cite news |title=盛岡市がパートナーシップ制度導入 １日から申請受け付け｜NHK 岩手県のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/morioka/20230501/6040017544.html |access-date=1 May 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=1 May 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|15 May
|[[File:Flag of Tagawa, Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Tagawa, Fukuoka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=田川市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.joho.tagawa.fukuoka.jp/kiji0038531/index.html |publisher=Tagawa City |access-date=16 May 2023 |language=ja |date=16 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1 June
|{{flatlist}}
*[[File:Flag of Awara, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Awara, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web |title=あわら市パートナーシップ宣誓制度（2023年6月1日施行） |url=https://www.city.awara.lg.jp/mokuteki/life/life1101/p013320.html |publisher=Awara City |access-date=1 June 2023 |language=ja |date=25 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Higashichichibu, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashichichibu, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=東秩父村パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度の開始 - 東秩父村役場ホームページ |url=https://www.vill.higashichichibu.saitama.jp/soshiki/01/partonership-system.html |publisher=Higashichichibu Village |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=ja |date=1 June 2023}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Nagakute, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagakute|Nagakute, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=長久手市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.nagakute.lg.jp/soshiki/kurashibunkabu/tatsusegaaruka/matidukuri/jinken/19948.html |publisher=Nagakute City |access-date=31 May 2023 |language=ja |date=1 June 2023}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Ōyamazaki, Kyoto.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōyamazaki, Kyoto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=大山崎町パートナーシップ宣誓制度について（令和5年6月1日掲載）|url=http://www.town.oyamazaki.kyoto.jp/syogaigakusyusports/danjokyodo/9758.html |publisher=Ōyamazaki Town |access-date=5 June 2023 |language=ja |date=1 June 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 July
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Hadano, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Hadano, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度の自治体間連携について |url=https://www.city.hadano.kanagawa.jp/www/contents/1687759442026/index.html |publisher=Hadano City |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=ja |date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Isehara, Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Isehara, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=7月1日 - 伊勢原市 |url=https://www.city.isehara.kanagawa.jp/docs/2023062600016/file_contents/230701-1.pdf |publisher=Isehara City |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=ja }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kakogawa, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Kakogawa, Hyōgo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=加古川市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度 |url=https://www.city.kakogawa.lg.jp/soshikikarasagasu/shiminbu/kyoudou/seinotayousei/39989.html |publisher=Kakogawa City |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=ja |date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kariya, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Kariya, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=【令和5年7月1日から開始】刈谷市パートナーシップ宣誓制度について |url=https://www.city.kariya.lg.jp/kurashi/shiminkyodo/1013852/1012701.html |publisher=Kariya City |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kawara Fukuoka.svg|22px|border]] [[Kawara, Fukuoka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=香春町パートナーシップ宣誓制度｜福岡県香春町 |url=https://www.town.kawara.fukuoka.jp/s002/020/010/20230210130956.html |publisher=Kawara Town |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=ja |date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Manazuru Kanagawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Manazuru, Kanagawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=真鶴町パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.town.manazuru.kanagawa.jp/soshiki/zeimuchomin/chominseikatsu/2531.html |publisher=Manazuru Town |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=ja |date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Ōbu, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōbu|Ōbu, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=大府市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップの宣誓に関 する要綱 |url=https://www.city.obu.aichi.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/027/900/youkouhonnbunn050701.pdf |publisher=Ōbu City |access-date=2 July 2023 |language=ja }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Omihachiman, Shiga.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōmihachiman|Ōmihachiman, Shiga]]<ref>{{cite web |title=近江八幡市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.omihachiman.lg.jp/news/25241.html |publisher=Ōmihachiman City |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=ja |date=23 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Warabi, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Warabi, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=蕨市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ届出制度について｜蕨市公式ウェブサイト |url=https://www.city.warabi.saitama.jp/shisei/danjo/kyodo/1009739.html |publisher=Warabi City |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=ja |date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 August
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Nagano Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagano Prefecture|'''Nagano''']]<ref>{{cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=長野県パートナーシップ届出制度のご案内／長野県 |url=https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/jinken-danjo/sogi/partnership.html |access-date=27 June 2023 |publisher=Nagano Prefecture |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Seto, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Seto, Aichi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=「瀬戸市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度」を開始します|url=https://www.city.seto.aichi.jp/docs/2023/06/13/0085182/0085182.html |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=www.city.seto.aichi.jp}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Suzaka, Nagano.svg|22px|border]] [[Suzaka, Nagano]]<ref>{{cite web |title=須坂市パートナーシップ届出制度を制定しました |url=https://www.city.suzaka.nagano.jp/contents/event/event.php?id=18257 |publisher=Suzaka City |access-date=14 September 2023 |language=ja |date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|1 September
|{{flatlist}}
*[[File:Flag of Gifu Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Gifu Prefecture|'''Gifu''']]<ref>{{cite news |title=「２人の関係、県が認めてくれるのは心強い」 岐阜県「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」開始 第１号カップルを認定 |url=https://www.gifu-np.co.jp/articles/-/281931 |access-date=3 September 2023 |work=岐阜新聞Web |date=1 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Oita, Oita.svg|22px|border]] [[Ōita (city)|Ōita, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 大分市で運用始まる 県内6例目 |url=https://newsdig.tbs.co.jp/articles/obs/696684 |access-date=3 September 2023 |work=OBSニュース |date=1 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|28 September
|[[File:Flag of Miyako Iwate.svg|22px|border]] [[Miyako, Iwate]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=岩手県宮古市 ９月２８日から宮古市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度をはじめます |url=https://www.city.miyako.iwate.jp/seikatu/partnership_familyship_01_3.html |publisher=Miyako City |access-date=27 September 2023 |language=ja |date=26 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1 October
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Kagawa Prefecture|'''Kagawa''']]<ref>{{cite web |title=「香川県パートナーシップ制度」について |url=https://www.pref.kagawa.lg.jp/dowaseisaku/lgbt/partnership2.html |publisher=Kagawa Prefecture |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=ja |date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Shimane Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Shimane Prefecture|'''Shimane''']]<ref>{{cite web |title=島根県パートナーシップ宣誓制度（令和５年１０月１日開始） |url=https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/life/jinken/jinken/lgbtq/shimanekenpartnership/shimanekenpartnership.html |publisher=Shimane Prefecture |access-date=1 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Tottori Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Tottori Prefecture|'''Tottori''']]*<ref>{{cite web |title=とっとり安心ファミリーシップ制度/とりネット/鳥取県公式サイト |url=https://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/312978.htm |publisher=Tottori Prefecture |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Chita, Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Chita, Aichi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度についてそ 愛知県知多市 |url=https://www.city.chita.lg.jp/docs/2023092900018/ |publisher=Chita City |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Fuchu city, Hiroshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Fuchū, Hiroshima]]<ref>{{cite web |title=府中市パートナーシップ宣誓制度|url=https://www.city.fuchu.hiroshima.jp/soshiki/soumubu/soumuka/jinkennikansurukoto/patonashipusenseiseido/index.html |publisher=Fuchū City, Hiroshima |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Hioki, Kagoshima.svg|22px|border]] [[Hioki, Kagoshima]]<ref>{{cite web |title=日置市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.city.hioki.kagoshima.jp/koseki/partnership/partnership.html |publisher=Hioki City |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=ja |date=5 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Shingu, Wakayama.svg|22px|border]] [[Shingū, Wakayama]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=和歌山県新宮市 新宮市パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度が始まります！ |url=https://www.city.shingu.lg.jp/info/2109 |publisher=Shingū City |access-date=1 October 2023 |language=ja |date=29 September 2023}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Tsubata, Ishikawa.svg|22px|border]] [[Tsubata, Ishikawa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=津幡町パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=https://www.town.tsubata.lg.jp/division/soumu/partnership.html |publisher=Tsubata Town |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Yahaba, Iwate.svg|22px|border]] [[Yahaba, Iwate]]<ref>{{cite web |title=矢巾町パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度が始まりました |url=https://www.town.yahaba.iwate.jp/docs/2023100200031/ |publisher=Yahaba Town |access-date=7 October 2023 |language=ja |date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|10 October
|[[File:Flag of Nirasaki, Yamanashi.svg|22px|border]] [[Nirasaki, Yamanashi]]*<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度について|url=https://www.city.nirasaki.lg.jp/soshikiichiran/sogoseisakuka/seisakusuishintanto/4_1/8499.html |publisher=Nirasaki City |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=ja |date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1 November
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Fukui Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukui Prefecture|'''Fukui''']]<ref>{{cite web |title=福井県パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します |url=https://www.pref.fukui.lg.jp/doc/tihuku/partnership-sensei.html |publisher=Fukui Prefecture |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yamanashi Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Yamanashi Prefecture|'''Yamanashi''']]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度を開始します |url=https://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/danjo-kyosei/psseidodounyu.html |publisher=Yamanashi Prefecture |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Eiheiji, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Eiheiji, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度 永平寺町 １１月導入 |url=https://www.fukuishimbun.co.jp/articles/-/1878949 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=福井新聞Ｄ刊 |date=27 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Itabashi, Tokyo.svg|22px|border]] [[Itabashi|Itabashi, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=令和4年11月1日、東京都パートナーシップ宣誓制度が導入されました｜板橋区公式ホームページ |url=https://www.city.itabashi.tokyo.jp/tetsuduki/jinken/jinken/1040826.html |publisher=Itabashi Ward |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Minano, Saitama.svg|22px|border]] [[Minano, Saitama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度について |url=https://www.town.minano.saitama.jp/section/soumu/31086/ |publisher=Minano Town |access-date=9 November 2023 |language=ja |date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Obama, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Obama, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web |title=小浜市パートナーシップ宣誓制度を導入します |url=https://www1.city.obama.fukui.jp/shisei/machizukuri/partnership/p006318.html |publisher=Obama City |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=25 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sakai, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Sakai, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web |title=坂井市パートナーシップ宣誓制度 |url=http://www.city.fukui-sakai.lg.jp/somu/partnership/sennseiseido.html |publisher=Sakai City |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=24 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tsuruga, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Tsuruga, Fukui]]<ref>{{cite web |title=敦賀市パートナーシップ宣誓制度　敦賀市-Tsuruga City- |url=https://www.city.tsuruga.lg.jp/about_city/news_from_division/kikakuseisaku_bu/shiminkyodo_ka/partnership.html |publisher=Tsuruga City |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=ja |date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|}

====Future partnership systems====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |''2023''

|-
|''TBD''
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Harima, Hyogo.svg|22px|border]] [[Harima, Hyōgo]]<ref name="Hyogo">{{cite news |title=同性カップル129組公認 県内9市 2年間で倍以上に 丹波篠山、丹波、高砂市は4月に制度開始 |url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/202303/0016196729.shtml |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=神戸新聞NEXT |date=31 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kimitsu, Chiba.svg|22px|border]] [[Kimitsu|Kimitsu, Chiba]]<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度創設に向けて |url=https://www.city.kimitsu.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/36354.pdf |publisher=Kimitsu City |access-date=1 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
!rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: top;"|''2024''
|''1 January''
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Aibetsu, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Aibetsu, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Asahikawa, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Asahikawa|Asahikawa, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa">{{cite news |title=旭川市周辺の８町がパートナーシップ制度を来年から導入へ｜NHK 北海道のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sapporo-news/20230616/7000058436.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Biei, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Biei, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Fukui, Fukui.svg|22px|border]] [[Fukui, Fukui]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度、24年1月1日導入 福井市方針：中日新聞Web |url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/799497 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=中日新聞Web |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Higashikagura, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashikagura, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Higashikawa, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Higashikawa, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Kamikawa, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Kamikawa, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Otaru, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Otaru|Otaru, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=小樽市がパートナーシップ制度導入へ 来年１月から市長方針：北海道新聞デジタル |url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/800773 |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=北海道新聞デジタル |date=11 February 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Pippu, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Pippu, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Takasu, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Takasu, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
* [[File:Flag of Tōma, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Tōma, Hokkaido]]<ref name="Asahikawa" />
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|''4 January''
| [[File:Flag of Date Fukushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Date, Fukushima]]<ref>{{cite news |title=伊達市、24年１月から「パートナーシップ制度」 福島県で初 |url=https://www.minyu-net.com/news/news/FM20230915-805509.php |access-date=16 September 2023 |work=福島民友新聞社 |date=15 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|''April''
|{{flatlist}}
*'''[[File:Flag of Aichi.svg|22px|border]] [[Aichi]]'''*<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20230823/p2a/00m/0na/012000c |language=en |access-date=28 August 2023 |title=Japan's Aichi Pref. to recognize same-sex, common-law couples with children as families}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kushiro, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Kushiro|Kushiro, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ制度、釧路市が４月にも導入：北海道新聞デジタル |url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/875612 |access-date=11 July 2023 |work=北海道新聞デジタル |date=10 July 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Muroran, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Muroran|Muroran, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=市営住宅入居も可能に 室蘭市がパートナー制度素案：北海道新聞デジタル |url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/942280/ |work=北海道新聞デジタル |access-date=19 November 2023 |language=ja |date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Nagahama, Shiga.svg|22px|border]] [[Nagahama, Shiga]]<ref>{{cite news |title=長浜市、パートナーシップ制度を2024年4月導入方針 新生活支援も適用へ：中日新聞Web |url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/795098 |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=中日新聞Web |date=24 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Saiki, Ōita.svg|22px|border]] [[Saiki, Ōita]]<ref>{{cite news |title=佐伯市、来年度からパートナーシップ宣誓制度導入へ - 大分のニュースなら 大分合同新聞プレミアムオンライン Gate |url=https://www.oita-press.co.jp/1010000000/2023/06/27/JDC2023062702246 |access-date=1 July 2023 |work=www.oita-press.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi.svg|22px|border]] [[Yamaguchi (city)|Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」 山口市、創設へ素案提示 来春導入目標 ／山口 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230727/ddl/k35/040/320000c |access-date=1 August 2023 |work=毎日新聞 |date=27 July 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|''TBD''
|{{flatlist}}
* [[File:Flag of Makubetsu, Hokkaido.svg|22px|border]] [[Makubetsu, Hokkaido]]<ref>{{cite news |title=パートナーシップ制度 来年度中の運用を予定 幕別一般質問（十勝毎日新聞） |url=https://kachimai.jp/article/index.php?no=592987 |access-date=16 September 2023 |work=十勝毎日新聞電子版 |date=17 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Oita Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Oita Prefecture|'''Oita''']]<ref>{{cite news |title=県、パートナー制度導入 来年度 知事「実効性ある制度に」 |url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/oita/news/20231024-OYTNT50131/ |access-date=1 November 2023 |work=読売新聞オンライン |date=25 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Sendai, Miyagi.svg|22px|border]] [[Sendai|Sendai, Miyagi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=「パートナーシップ制度」仙台市 来年度中に導入へ（ミヤギテレビ） |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/d5a13f61591c86ccb749b8c9f24e8be7d06e0639 |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=Yahoo!ニュース |date=20 September 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shisō, Hyōgo.svg|22px|border]] [[Shisō, Hyōgo]]<ref name="Hyogo"/>
* [[File:Flag of Wakayama Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Wakayama Prefecture|'''Wakayama''']]<ref>{{cite news |title=和歌山県 パートナーシップ制度 今年度中に導入へ｜NHK 和歌山県のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/wakayama/20230829/2040015700.html |access-date=1 November 2023 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=29 August 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tomioka, Fukushima.svg|22px|border]] [[Tomioka, Fukushima]]<ref>{{cite news |title=「パートナーシップ制度」23年度導入へ 富岡町、福島県内で初 |url=https://news.goo.ne.jp/article/fminyu/region/fminyu-FM20221215-746673.html |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=gooニュース |date=15 December 2022 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Hyogo Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Hyogo Prefecture|'''Hyōgo''']]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/kobe/20230614/2020022187.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |work=読売新聞オンライン |date=31 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Shiga Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Shiga Prefecture|'''Shiga''']]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/kobe/20230614/2020022187.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |work=読売新聞オンライン |date=31 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Tokushima Prefecture.svg|22px|border]] [[Tokushima Prefecture|'''Tokushima''']]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASR377JN8R37PTLC00H.html.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |work=読売新聞オンライン |date=31 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>{{endflatlist}}
|-
!style="vertical-align: top;"|''TBD''
|
|[[File:Flag of Hida, Gifu.svg|22px|border]] [[Hida, Gifu]] (''supposed to have been introduced in 2019'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM3N6KFJM3NOHGB00W.html|script-title=ja:パートナーシップ制度を延期 飛だ市、議会から「拙速」|date=20 March 2019|language=ja|website=Asahi Shimbun}}</ref>
|}

Measures to allow partnership certificates have been proposed in numerous areas, including the prefectures of [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度も…LGBTQへの理解進める条例案 馳知事が9月の議会提出目指す考え（石川テレビ） |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/6000dd38cef8d833ce0f4098447f15d612d84e0a |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]]<ref>{{cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=新潟上越市、性的少数者のパートナーシップ制度を2023年度内に創設へ 中川幹太市長が表明、「市民一人一人が尊重されるまちに」 |url=https://www.niigata-nippo.co.jp/articles/-/233465 |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=新潟日報デジタルプラス |language=ja}}</ref> and [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]];<ref>{{cite news |title=岩手：パートナー制「岩手モデル」 県指針策定へ 認定要件など検討：地域ニュース |url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/iwate/news/20221205-OYTNT50203/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |work=読売新聞オンライン |date=6 December 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> several [[Special wards of Tokyo|administrative wards in Tokyo]], such as [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]], [[Katsushika]], [[Kōtō]],<ref>{{cite web |title=江東区パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓制度（素案）に関するご意見 |url=https://www.city.koto.lg.jp/055202/kurashi/jinken/danjo/kekaku/pabukomepartnership-iken.html |website=江東区 |publisher=Kōtō Ward |access-date=2 November 2023 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Nerima]], [[Shinjuku]], and [[Taitō]]; and the cities of [[Tōgō, Aichi|Tōgō]],<ref>{{cite web |title=パートナーシップ、ファミリーシップ宣誓制度について |url=https://www.town.aichi-togo.lg.jp/material/files/group/5/siryou5.pdf |publisher=Tōgō Town |access-date=24 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Hachinohe]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp/material/files/group/80/0312_ippansitumon.pdf|title=令和３年12月八戸市議会定例会一般質問日程表|website=Hachinohe City|access-date=16 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref> [[Sodegaura]],<ref>{{cite web |title=広報 そでがうら VOL. 1036 |url=https://www.city.sodegaura.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/32286.pdf |publisher=Sodegaura City |access-date=1 April 2023 |page=4 |language=ja |date=April 2023}}</ref> [[Matsuyama]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP2D6QNMP29PTLC024.html|title=パートナーシップ制度の実現求めて「カラフル松山」発足|website=Asahi Shimbun|date=13 February 2021|language=ja}}</ref> [[Fukuyama, Hiroshima|Fukuyama]],<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.chugoku-np.co.jp/local/news/article.php?comment_id=714558&comment_sub_id=0&category_id=256|title=パートナー制度、中国地方自治体の２５％が検討 広島市は４日開始|website=中国新聞|date=2 January 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref> [[Kumano, Hiroshima|Kumano]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Onomichi]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Saka, Hiroshima|Saka]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Sera, Hiroshima|Sera]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Fukagawa, Hokkaido|Fukagawa]],<ref>{{cite news |title=深川市、パートナー制度導入へ ２０２３年度：北海道新聞デジタル |url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/805492/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |work=北海道新聞デジタル |date=21 February 2023 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Kobe]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/kobe/202210/0015753614.shtml|title=ＬＧＢＴＱらのパートナー制度、神戸市が導入視野に検討へ 一般質問で方針表明|language=ja|website=神戸新聞|date=26 October 2022|access-date=4 November 2022}}</ref> [[Miki, Hyōgo|Miki]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.miki.lg.jp/soshiki/18/32903.html|title=性的マイノリティ(LGBT)について正しい理解を深めましょう|date=|access-date=5 December 2021|publisher=Miki City|language=ja}}</ref> [[Rikuzentakata, Iwate|Rikuzentakata]],<ref>{{cite web |title=令和4年第4回定例会 一般質問通告件名{{!}}陸前高田市ホームページ |url=https://www.city.rikuzentakata.iwate.jp/soshiki/gikaijimukyoku/7/336_1/6846.html |publisher=Rikuzentaka City |access-date=26 November 2022 |language=ja |date=25 November 2022}}</ref> [[Nantan, Kyoto|Nantan]],<ref>{{cite news |title=SNSで出会った19歳と23歳の同性婚、宣誓制度の存在で住む場所決めた 丹波からOurVoices 性を考える｜社会｜地域のニュース｜京都新聞(2/2) |url=https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/983484?page=2 |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=京都新聞 |date=5 March 2023 |language=ja-JP}}</ref> [[Azumino]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.shinmai.co.jp/news/article/CNTS2022090200750|title=パートナーシップ宣誓制度、安曇野市も検討 性的少数者カップルの公的証明|website=信濃毎日新聞|date=3 September 2022|access-date=5 September 2020|language=ja}}</ref> [[Nagayo, Nagasaki|Nagayo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://webtown.nagayo.jp/gikai/kiji003995/3_995_2_02.pdf|title=１番 八 木 亮 三 議員|publisher=Nagayo Town|access-date=10 December 2021|language=ja}}</ref> [[Kamo, Niigata|Kamo]],<ref>{{cite web |title=令和5年度施政方針 新しい可能性を育て「笑顔あふれるまち」へ - 新潟県加茂市 |url=https://www.city.kamo.niigata.jp/docs/63368.html |publisher=Kamo City |access-date=22 March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Sado, Niigata|Sado]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.sado.niigata.jp/uploaded/attachment/27392.pdf|title=令和３年第５回(９月)佐渡市議会定例会会議録|publisher=Sado City|access-date=29 November 2021|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.niigata-nippo.co.jp/articles/-/113745?|title=佐渡市がパートナーシップ制度導入を検討 市長「できるだけ早い形で」|website=新潟日報|language=ja|date=17 September 2022|access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref> [[Hayashima]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Kumenan]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Tamano]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Itoman, Okinawa|Itoman]],<ref name="Okinawa" /> [[Okinawa (city)|Okinawa]],<ref name="Okinawa" /> [[Nago]],<ref name="Okinawa">{{cite news |title=県内５市が同性・パートナーシップ制度を検討 県は検討せず｜NHK 沖縄県のニュース |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/okinawa/20221121/5090020937.html |access-date=24 November 2022 |work=NHK NEWS WEB |date=21 November 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Nanjō]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=沖縄・南城市長選/平和求めＳＤＧｓ推進/チョービン市長が政策発表|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/akahata/aik21/2021-12-22/2021122204_03_0.html|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.jcp.or.jp|language=ja}}</ref> [[Tomigusuku, Okinawa|Tomigusuku]],<ref name="Okinawa" /> [[Hanyū, Saitama|Hanyū]],<ref>{{cite web |title=羽 生 市 に お け る 「 パ ー ト ナ ー シ ッ プ 制 度 ・ フ ァ ミ リ ー シ ッ プ 制 度 」 導 入 の 早 期 実 現 を 求 め る 決 議 |url=https://www.city.hanyu.lg.jp/docs/2023020900011/file_contents/202303giinn4.pdf|publisher=Hanyū City |access-date=21 March 2023 |date=March 2023 |language=ja}}</ref> [[Fujieda, Shizuoka|Fujieda]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.fujieda.shizuoka.jp/soshiki/shiminkyodo/danjokyodo/boshu/17826.html|title=性の多様性セミナーを開催します！！|language=ja|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> [[Shimada, Shizuoka|Shimada]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.at-s.com/news/article/shizuoka/964812.html|title=ＬＧＢＴカップル公認へ 静岡市、２０２２年４月に制度導入方針|website=Anata no Shizuoka Shinbun|language=ja|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> [[Higashimurayama, Tokyo|Higashimurayama]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=一般質問一覧表(令和4年3月定例会)|url=https://www.city.higashimurayama.tokyo.jp/smph/gikai/katsudo/gikai_09-3_ippan-sit/4-3ippanshitsumon.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=www.city.higashimurayama.tokyo.jp}}</ref> [[Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima]],<ref name="tokushima">{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20201119/ddl/k36/010/418000c|title=「パートナーシップ制度」 導入陳情書を採択 三好、小松島両市議会 県内で動き加速 ／徳島|website=Mainichi Shimbun|date=19 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref> [[Daisen, Tottori|Daisen]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Nichinan, Tottori|Nichinan]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Yazu]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Yonago]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Toyama (city)|Toyama]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=パートナーシップ制度 富山市が導入を検討(北日本放送)|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/4216fd56b0edb372b26de08b186cc3753aa5e9f5|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Yahoo!ニュース|language=ja|archive-date=2021-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223100917/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/4216fd56b0edb372b26de08b186cc3753aa5e9f5|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Hagi, Yamaguchi|Hagi]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Hirao]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Iwakuni]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[Shimonoseki]].<ref name=":0" />

===Statistics===
The first couple to receive a partnership certificate were [[Koyuki Higashi]] and Hiroko Masuhara in Shibuya on 5 November 2015. They were personally congratulated by Mayor Ken Hasebe.<ref name="first"/> Later that day, Setagaya issued certificates to seven couples.<ref name="first"/> By April 2017, 17 same-sex partnership certificates had been issued in Shibuya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/05/08/national/social-issues/tokyo-rainbow-pride-participants-march-change-lgbt-recognition/|title=Tokyo Rainbow Pride participants march for 'change' in LGBT recognition|first=Daisuke|last=Kikuchi|date=May 8, 2017|website=The Japan Times}}</ref>

319 certificates had been issued in Japan by November 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nijiirodiversity.jp/category/open-data/regional-partners/|script-title=ja:自治体のパートナーシップ制度|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nijiironews.com/2018/12/04/319-couples-using-partnership-systems-across-japan/ |title=319 Couples Using Partnership Systems Across Japan |access-date=2018-12-04 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328005534/https://www.nijiironews.com/2018/12/04/319-couples-using-partnership-systems-across-japan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> This had increased to 617 by October 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nijiirodiversity.jp/partner20191008/|script-title=ja:自治体のパートナーシップ制度|language=ja|date=8 October 2019|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216022304/http://nijiirodiversity.jp/partner20191008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> to 1,052 by June 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nijiirodiversity.jp/partner20200630/|title=地方自治体の同性パートナー認知件数 (2020年6月30日時点)|website=Nijiiro Diversity|date=14 July 2020|language=ja|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001070929/https://nijiirodiversity.jp/partner20200630/|url-status=dead}}</ref> to 1,301 by November 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-data/h00860/|title=全国で1301組の同性カップルに証明書 : パートナーシップ制度スタートから5年|website=nippon.com|date=9 November 2020|language=ja}}</ref> to 2,018 by July 2021, and to 3,168 by June 2022, with most being issued in [[Osaka Prefecture]] followed by [[Tokyo]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]] and [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] prefectures.

{{Vertical bar chart|full_name=Partnership statistics as of June 2022|color=blue|position=left|type=demographic|Osaka|619|Tokyo|604|Kana.|499|Chiba|198|Fukuo.|188|Hokk.|166|Saita.|128|Hyōgo|105|Kyoto|103|Ibara.|71|Shizu.|67|Okina.|56|Mie|41|Hiro.|37|Kaga.|32|Okaya.|31|Gunma|29|Miya.|29|Aichi|25|Niiga.|17|Kago.|14|Kōchi|13|Kuma.|12|Tochi.|12|Saga|12|Ishi.|10|Nagasa.|10|Nara|10|Aomori|7|Nagano|8|Toku.|8|Yamagu.|3|Akita|2|Shiga|2|Gifu|0|Ōita|0|Totto.|0|Yamana.|0}}
{{clear}}

===Private-sector partnerships===
As a [[Marriage privatization|private sector]] response to the lack of national recognition of same-sex partnerships, the Famiee Project created a digital [[blockchain]]-secured partnership registry in 2019. In order to receive a Famiee certificate, the couple must apply via a [[mobile app]] and will receive a digital certificate to be used as proof of familial status.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.famiee.com/en.html |title=Famiee Project |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |publisher=Famiee Project |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Famiee Project received the backing of at least 17 companies who will recognize the digital partnership certificate and treat a couple the same as a different-sex couple for banking and insurance purposes. The partnerships are not currently recognized by the [[Government of Japan]], but aim to create pressure from the private sector for political action to expand [[LGBT rights in Japan|LGBT rights in the country]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openlynews.com/i/?id=374fcd91-dd7c-47b2-a657-a863c743f420 |title=Japan firms back same-sex partnership certificate campaign in gay rights push |last=Beh |first=Lih Yi |date=29 April 2020 |website=Openly |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]] |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>


==Same-sex marriage==
==Same-sex marriage==

Revision as of 18:20, 21 November 2023

Part of the LGBT rights series
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions and
registered partnerships
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. KoN: Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. NZ: Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. UK: Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. US: Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. Israel: Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. EU: The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. Cambodia: Recognition of a "declaration of family relationship", which may be useful in matters such as housing, but they are not legally binding.
  8. China: Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. HK: Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. India: Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. Japan: Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. Namibia: Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. Romania: Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
* Not yet in effect
LGBT portal

Japan does not recognize same-sex marriages or civil unions. It is the only country in the G7 that does not legally recognize same-sex unions in any form.[1] Several municipalities and prefectures issue same-sex partnership certificates, which provide some benefits, but do not offer equal legal recognition.[2][3] Most polls conducted since 2013 have found that a majority of Japanese people support the legalization of same-sex marriage or partnerships,[4][5] and a 2018 poll found it supported by an overwhelming majority of those under age 60.[6] Politically, the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, the Japanese Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, Reiwa Shinsengumi,[7] and Komeito support legalizing same-sex marriage.[8] Nippon Ishin no Kai also supports legalizing same-sex marriage, but believes a constitutional amendment is necessary to legalize it.[8] However, the Liberal Democratic Party, which has been in power almost continuously since 1958, remains opposed to it.[9]

On 20 June 2022, a district court in Osaka upheld the constitutionality of the same-sex marriage ban.[10] Previously, on 17 March 2021, a district court in Sapporo had ruled it unconstitutional, arguing that laws or regulations that deprive same-sex couples of the legal benefits of marriage constitute "discriminatory treatment without a rational basis" and as such violate Article 14 of the Constitution of Japan. The Sapporo court also ruled that Article 24 of the Constitution, which defines marriage as "based only on the mutual consent of both sexes", does not prohibit the recognition of same-sex marriages.[11] In May 2023, a district court in Nagoya ruled the same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional. While the Sapporo and Nagoya rulings did not legalise same-sex marriage in Japan, it is anticipated that they may pressure the National Diet to act.[12] In June 2023, the Fukuoka court ruled that the ban was constitutional.[13]

Partnership certification system

Main article: Partnership oath in Japan
Map of Japanese subdivisions that issue partnership certificates to same-sex couples.
  Issues partnership certificates to same-sex couples

As of 1 November 2023, 344 municipalities and nineteen prefectures have established a "partnership oath system" (Japanese: パートナーシップ宣誓制度, pātonāshippu sensei seido, pronounced [paːtonaːɕi̥ppɯ seɰ̃seː seꜜːdo]), also known as "partnership certification system" (パートナーシップ証明制度, pātonāshippu shōmei seido), which provides same-sex couples with some limited benefits. The couple is issued a special certificate which may be useful in matters such as housing, hospital visitation rights and consenting to surgery for a partner.[14][15] However, the system is not legally binding and there is no legal obligation on landlords or hospitals to honour the couples' rights even if presented with a certificate, though cities have encouraged companies, hospitals and landlords to recognize the certificate.[16] The various benefits provided by the system are also very limited in comparison to those granted to married couples; same-sex couples cannot inherit the estate and property of a deceased partner or attend the funeral of a deceased partner for instance. Partners must meet certain requirements, including living in the municipality or prefecture, being older than 20 years of age, and not having a spouse or another partner. Several jurisdictions have also established a "partnership familyship system" (パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度, pātonāshippu famirīshippu seido), which also recognises the children and in-laws of same-sex couples, and allows partners to make medical decisions for their child, and to pick up their children at schools and kindergartens (whereas previously only the biological parent was allowed to pick up the child). Some registries have also been extended to opposite-sex couples who do not wish to be married.

The Tokyo ward of Shibuya became the first municipality to create such a registry on 1 April 2015,[17][18] and Ibaraki Prefecture became the first prefecture to do so in January 2019.[19][20][21] In January 2021, Akashi, Hyōgo became the first jurisdiction to extend their registry to the children and/or relatives of a partnered couple.

Since 2019, numerous municipalities and prefectures have also established mutual recognition of each others' registries in order to reduce bureaucratic barriers between jurisdictions.

Map of Japan showing which prefectures have legalized same-sex partnership registries. Pink prefectures have active registries. Blue prefectures have passed legislation to create registries, but they are not yet in effect. Green prefectures do not have a prefecture-wide system, but all municipalities within have registries. Yellow prefectures recognize their own municipalities' partnership registries without having a prefecture-level registry.

Same-sex marriage

Laws regarding homosexuality in Asia
Same-sex sexual activity legal
  Marriage performed
  Marriage recognized
  Other type of partnership
  Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same-sex marriage, but no supporting legislation has been passed
  Legal guardianships or unregistered cohabitation
  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Restrictions on freedom of expression
Same-sex sexual activity illegal
  Prison but not enforced
  Prison
  Death penalty on books, but not enforced
  Enforced death penalty

Same-sex marriage (同性結婚, dōsei kekkon)[a] is not recognized in Japan. However, debate on the issue has emerged in recent years, with several political parties expressing support or openness to discuss the matter. Several lawsuits contesting the law barring same-sex marriage were filed in court in February 2019. In addition, numerous opinion surveys have shown high levels of support for same-sex marriage among the Japanese public, notably among women and the younger generation.

Background

On March 27, 2009, it was reported that Japan allows its nationals to marry same-sex foreign partners in countries where same-sex marriage is legal. Japan does not allow same-sex marriage domestically and had so far also refused to issue a document, which states that a person is single and of legal age and is required for citizens to wed overseas, if the applicant's intended spouse was of the same legal sex. Under the change, the Ministry of Justice instructed local authorities to issue the key certificate for those who want to have same-sex marriages.[22]

In June 2011, the deputy head abbot of Kyoto's Shunkō-in Zen temple announced that the temple would perform same-sex marriage ceremonies as part of Gay and Lesbian Pride Month.[23] Similarly, in April 2020, the deputy head abbot of Kawagoe's Saimyouji temple, announced that he would perform same-sex marriage ceremonies.[24] Since 15 May 2012, Tokyo Disney Resort has allowed symbolic (not legally recognized) same-sex marriage ceremonies in its Cinderella's Castle hotel.[25] Its first same-sex marriage was held on March 3, 2013, between Koyuki Higashi and her partner Hiroko Masuhara.[26][27]

In March 2019, the Justice Ministry revoked a deportation order for a gay Taiwanese man who had remained in Japan illegally after overstaying his visa, giving consideration to his longtime same-sex relationship with a Japanese national. The ministry issued a special residence permit to the man, who had lived in Japan for about 25 years. The ministry's Immigration Bureau granted him a one-year resident visa after the Tokyo District Court suggested that it review the order.[28][29]

Constitution

Article 24 of the Japanese Constitution states:[30] "Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis." Previously, a couple in Japan could marry only if their respective head of household (the father, or in the absence of a father, the eldest son) consented to the union. As a result, arranged marriage was the dominant form of marriage. Those couples who could not obtain permission had to elope and stay in common-law marriage. The purpose of Article 24 of the Constitution was to assert freedom of consenting adults to marry, and to explicitly establish the equality of both sexes in marriage. Some legal scholars argue that because the intent behind the article was not in reference to same-sex marriage, it need not apply in legalising same-sex marriage. However, conservative lawmakers as well as legal scholars who take a literal approach to constitutional interpretation argue that such an argument is a stretch.[31]

In February 2015, the National Diet debated whether same-sex marriage should be recognized under the Constitution.[32] Kota Matsuda, a member of the House of Councillors, said, "We need to eliminate lifestyle difficulties for same-sex couples. A prerequisite to achieving this goal is dealing with Article 24 of the Constitution." Prime Minister Shinzō Abe expressed his opinion on the issue:[32] "Extending the institution of marriage to same-sex couples was not anticipated under the current Constitution. It is an issue that concerns the very core of family values and, I believe, one that requires extremely careful consideration."

In July 2019, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations submitted a paper in support of same-sex marriage to the Minister of Justice, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the House of Councillors. The paper states that Article 24 does not ban such marriages as "the notion of same-sex marriage was beyond the scope of assumption at the time of [Article 24's] enactment", and that prohibiting it constitutes a breach of human rights, urging the National Diet to legalize same-sex marriage.[33][34][35][36]

Political support and legislation

The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and Reiwa Shinsengumi,[7] as well as the junior coalition partner Komeito, support legalising same-sex marriage.[8][37] Nippon Ishin no Kai (known in English as the Japan Innovation Party) also supports legalising same-sex marriage, but believes a constitutional amendment is necessary to legalize it.[8] Individual lawmakers from the Liberal Democratic Party, including the former Minister of Defense and for Foreign Affairs, Taro Kono,[38] and the former Minister of Agriculture, Ken Saitō, and from the Democratic Party for the People (including party leader Yuichiro Tamaki), have also expressed their personal support for same-sex marriage.[9]

In December 2018, the CDP announced it would introduce a bill in 2019 to amend the Civil Code to legalise same-sex marriage.[39] The bill was submitted by the CDP, the JCP and the SDP on 3 June 2019. It seeks to adopt gender-neutral language, with the terms "party of marriage" being used rather than "husband" and "wife", and "parents" rather than "father and mother".[40][41][42] In June 2019, the CDP added the legalisation of same-sex marriage and ending discrimination against the LGBT community to their party platform ahead of the 2019 House of Councillors election.[43] Another same-sex marriage bill was introduced to Parliament by the CDP in March 2023.[44] The JCP introduced its own bill on 27 March 2023.[45]

In September 2020, the Nagaokakyō City Assembly adopted a motion urging the National Diet to discuss the legalization of same-sex marriage.[46]

Supporters of same-sex marriage hope the introduction of the partnership oath system in numerous municipalities will encourage parliamentarians to legalise same-sex marriage. The LGBT organisation Marriage for All Japan has also organised signature gatherings and meetings with lawmakers from across the political spectrum.[47] The organisation notes in particular that the COVID-19 pandemic has made same-sex couples more "vulnerable" and "anxious", as they cannot visit each other in hospitals nor are they entitled to any legal recognition if one of the partners were to die.[48] In January 2023, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida made the following statement about same-sex marriage during a parliamentary session: "We need to be extremely careful in considering the matter as it could affect the structure of family life in Japan".[49] Kishida said in March 2023 that he did not think banning same-sex couples from marrying is "unjust discrimination".[50]

Legal challenges

2020 Tokyo High Court ruling

On 4 March 2020, the Tokyo High Court ruled that cohabiting same-sex couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those granted to cohabiting heterosexual couples.[51] This ruling provided legitimacy to the plaintiff's same-sex relationship, allowing the plaintiff to sue her lesbian partner of seven years for infidelity, a move that was previously restricted to heterosexual partners.[5] The decision was upheld by the Supreme Court of Japan on 18 March 2021.

Sapporo, Osaka, Tokyo, Nagoya, and Fukuoka district court rulings

In November 2018, several same-sex couples throughout the country announced their intention to file suit against the statutory same-sex marriage ban.[52] In January 2019, about a dozen same-sex couples applied for marriage licenses at different city offices in Japan.[53] Lawsuits contesting the same-sex marriage ban were filed by 13 couples on 14 February (Valentine's Day) in district courts in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Sapporo.[54] Another three couples filed in Fukuoka a few months later.[55]

On 17 March 2021, the district court in Sapporo issued a judgment finding that the law banning same-sex marriage violated the constitutional rights of same-sex couples, specifically Article 14 of the Constitution of Japan (which bans discrimination on the basis of "race, creed, sex, social status or family origin").[55][56] However, the court rejected the request of the six plaintiffs (two male couples and one female couple) for ¥1,000,000 (equivalent to about $9,000 or £6,480) per person for the denial. The court rejected the government's argument that Article 24 of the Constitution (which defines marriage as based on the "mutual consent of both sexes") limits marriage to opposite-sex couples; plaintiffs argued that this article actually only bars forced marriage.[55][56] The Chief Cabinet Secretary, Katsunobu Katō, said at a press conference later that day that the Ministry of Justice would analyse the court ruling.[57]

Similar arguments were raised in the Tokyo District Court case, in which hearings and oral arguments took place on several dates in 2019 and 2020. One of the plaintiff couples, Chizuka Oe and Yoko Ogawa, a couple for 25 years, argued that banning same-sex marriage violates articles 13 and 14 of the Constitution.[54][58] Lawyers representing the couples believed the ruling from the Sapporo District Court was likely to have a positive impact on the outcome of the other cases. However, in June 2022, the Osaka District Court ruled that the ban on same-sex marriage is constitutional,[59] and in November 2022, the Tokyo District Court ruled similarly. The Tokyo court did rule, however, that there should be some way for same-sex couples to protect themselves legally.[60] The plaintiff couples in the Tokyo case appealed the decision in December 2022.[61] On 30 May 2023, the Nagoya District Court ruled similarly to the Sapporo court, declaring the same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional, but rejected the plaintiffs' request for ¥1,000,000.[62][63]

The Fukuoka court ruled in June 2023 that the ban was constitutional.[13]

Koseki

In Japan, each citizen is registered through the koseki system whereby an individual is registered as a part of a household (while in the West, a birth certificate can act as a proof of identity). Koseki registration performs a somewhat similar role to marriage in the West as it endows a member of the same koseki legal power (as next of kin) in dealing with civil matters such as inheritance, hospital visits or the right to organise a funeral. Therefore, registering each other as a part of the koseki works as a substitute for Western-style marriage. As a consequence, Japanese same-sex couples, in the absence of same-sex marriage or civil partnership laws, often use adoption procedures to register themselves as belonging to the same household (where the older partner legally adopts the younger partner, which in absence of a spouse makes the only adopted child the sole executor of that household).

Public opinion

Public opinion on same-sex marriage (2023) based on Pew Research Center[64]

  Strongly favor (17%)
  Somewhat favor (57%)
  Not sure (2%)
  Somewhat oppose (16%)
  Strongly oppose (8%)

A May 2013 Ipsos poll found that out of over a thousand Japanese adult interviewees 24% were in favor of same-sex marriage and another 27% supported other forms of recognition for same-sex couples.[65] An April 2014 Ipsos poll found that 26% of respondents were in favor of same-sex marriage and 24% were in favor of some other form of recognition, such as civil unions.[66] A May 2015 Ipsos poll found that 30% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and a further 28% were in favour of some other form of recognition (meaning that 58% supported recognising same-sex couples in some form).[67]

According to a survey by Nihon Yoron Chōsa-ka conducted on 1 and 2 March 2014, 42.3% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage, while 52.4% opposed it.[68] Another poll conducted by Fuji News Network in April 2015 showed that 59% of respondents supported the same-sex partnership certificate system proposed in Shibuya and 53% supported same-sex marriage, the first time a poll had found majority support for same-sex marriage in Japan.[69][70] An additional poll conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in November 2015 showed a 51% majority in support of same-sex marriage, unions or partnerships,[4] while 41% were opposed. People under the age of 20 were overwhelmingly in favor of same-sex marriage (72% support), whereas people aged 70 and over overwhelmingly opposed (24% support).[71] A 2017 opinion poll released by the NHK showed that 51% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage.[72]

According to an opinion poll carried out by Dentsu in October 2018, 78.4% of Japanese people in their 20s to 50s were in favour of same-sex marriage.[73] Support was higher among women (87.9%) than men (69.2%), and was higher among younger respondents: 87.3% for people in their 20s, 81.2% for people in their 30s, 77.5% for people in their 40s, and 72.5% for people in their 50s.[74] The National Survey of Household Trends, a government survey carried out in 2018 and commissioned by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, asked Japanese married women about their views on legalizing same-sex marriage. 71.9% of respondents chose one of the two answers in favour of it. Levels of support were different between the different age groups: 92.1% for married women under the age of 30, 89.5% for those between the ages of 30 and 39, 83.2% for those between the ages of 40 and 49, 73.5% for those between 50 and 59, 59.3% for those between 60 and 69, and 42.2% for those aged 70 and higher.[75][76]

A 2019 opinion survey conducted by the Hiroshima Shudo University and published in November 2020 showed that 64.8% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage, while 30.0% were opposed. Attitudes varied greatly with age, with 81% of 20–30-year-olds supporting, followed by 74% of people in their 40s and 50s, and 47% of people in their 60s and 70s.[77]

A joint survey by the University of Tokyo and The Asahi Shimbun, conducted between March and April 2020, showed that 46% of Japanese people favored same-sex marriage, 31% were neutral and 23% were opposed. Among supporters of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), support stood at 41% and opposition at 29%. This contrasted significantly with the opinions of LDP lawmakers, as a 2019 survey conducted shortly before the House of Councillors election showed that only 9% of LDP candidates supported same-sex marriage. Professor Masaki Taniguchi, who headed the survey, said it was rare to witness public opinion on a certain issue change so rapidly, noting that support had increased 14% from 2017.[78] A March 2021 poll from The Asahi Shimbun found that 65% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage, with support rising to 86% among 18–29-year-olds.[5] A February 2023 Kyodo News poll showed that 64% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage, while 25% were opposed.[79] A poll conducted the same month by The Asahi Shimbun found that 72% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage and 18% were opposed.[80]

A March–April 2023 Kyodo News survey showed that 71% of Japanese people supported same-sex marriage, while 26% were opposed. Support was highest among respondents below the age of 30, at 85%. 62% of LDP voters also supported same-sex marriage.[81]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese pronunciation: [doːseː kekkoɴ]; Okinawan: どーしーぬにーびち, dooshii nu niibichi, Okinawan pronunciation: [doːɕiːnuniːbit͡ɕi]

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