United States Army Futures Command: Difference between revisions
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A fundamental strategy was formulated, involving simultaneous integrated operations across domains.<ref name="tp525,3,1" /><ref name="mdo,apg" /> This strategy involves pushing adversaries to [[Conflict continuum#Standoff|standoff]],{{efn|name= standoffDomes |1= [[File:Army ccdc domes of protection 0.jpg|thumb|left| In ''standoff'',<ref name= standoff/> adversaries attempt to project protected areas against each other.<ref name= summaryOfStandoff2018/> Within these protected areas, friends are deemed safe, but foes who attempt penetration are endangered by the capabilities of the allies arrayed against them. Outside these protected areas, adversaries compete for control, by [[power projection|projecting their power]].]]}} <ref name="returnToCompetition">CRS Insight [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IN11019.pdf (IN11019) (17 January 2019) The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations] Congressional Research Service (CRS) |
A fundamental strategy was formulated, involving simultaneous integrated operations across domains.<ref name="tp525,3,1" /><ref name="mdo,apg" /> This strategy involves pushing adversaries to [[Conflict continuum#Standoff|standoff]],{{efn|name= standoffDomes |1= [[File:Army ccdc domes of protection 0.jpg|thumb|left| In ''standoff'',<ref name= standoff/> adversaries attempt to project protected areas against each other.<ref name= summaryOfStandoff2018/> Within these protected areas, friends are deemed safe, but foes who attempt penetration are endangered by the capabilities of the allies arrayed against them. Outside these protected areas, adversaries compete for control, by [[power projection|projecting their power]].]]}} <ref name="returnToCompetition">CRS Insight [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IN11019.pdf (IN11019) (17 January 2019) The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations] Congressional Research Service (CRS) |
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* Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/08/11/this-3-star-army-general-explains-what-multi-domain-operations-mean-for-you/ (11 August 2019) This 3-star Army general explains what multi-domain operations mean for you] "think, assess and employ all domains when necessary"—General Wesley</ref><ref name="summaryOfStandoff2018" /> by presenting them with multiple simultaneous dilemmas.<ref name="jadc2MultiDilemmas">Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/01/army-chief-seeks-minimally-manned-vehicles-joint-c2/ (14 January 2020) Army Chief Seeks 'Minimally Manned' Vehicles, Joint C2] LRPF, ITN, IBCS, FARA, FLRAA, and "We need a joint command and control system" —Army Chief of Staff James C. McConville</ref><ref name="rangeSpeed">Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/02/army-chief-to-navy-air-force-weve-got-speed-range/ (2021) Army Chief To Navy, Air Force: We've Got 'Speed & Range'] "The future is all about range and speed" —Gen. McConville</ref>{{efn|name=leoLRPFKillChain}} A goal is that by 2028, the ability to project rapid, responsive power across domains will have become apparent to potential adversaries.<ref name="csaPaper1">Chief of Staff paper #1, Headquarters, Department of the Army [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/03/23/eeac3d01/20210319-csa-paper-1-signed-print-version.pdf (16 March 2021) Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict] Unclassified version by 40th Chief of Staff of the Army, Gen. [[James C. McConville]]</ref><ref name="csa2">Chief of Staff paper #2 [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/03/29/bf6c30e6/csa-paper-2-the-army-in-military-competition.pdf (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition]</ref>{{efn|name= lessonsFromRUkr}} |
* Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/08/11/this-3-star-army-general-explains-what-multi-domain-operations-mean-for-you/ (11 August 2019) This 3-star Army general explains what multi-domain operations mean for you] "think, assess and employ all domains when necessary"—General Wesley</ref><ref name="summaryOfStandoff2018">Yasmin Tadjdeh [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2018/10/10/army-to-focus-on-defeating-enemies-standoff-capabilities (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities] Summary of standoff</ref> by presenting them with multiple simultaneous dilemmas.<ref name="jadc2MultiDilemmas">Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/01/army-chief-seeks-minimally-manned-vehicles-joint-c2/ (14 January 2020) Army Chief Seeks 'Minimally Manned' Vehicles, Joint C2] LRPF, ITN, IBCS, FARA, FLRAA, and "We need a joint command and control system" —Army Chief of Staff James C. McConville</ref><ref name="rangeSpeed">Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/02/army-chief-to-navy-air-force-weve-got-speed-range/ (2021) Army Chief To Navy, Air Force: We've Got 'Speed & Range'] "The future is all about range and speed" —Gen. McConville</ref>{{efn|name=leoLRPFKillChain}} A goal is that by 2028, the ability to project rapid, responsive power across domains will have become apparent to potential adversaries.<ref name="csaPaper1">Chief of Staff paper #1, Headquarters, Department of the Army [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/03/23/eeac3d01/20210319-csa-paper-1-signed-print-version.pdf (16 March 2021) Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict] Unclassified version by 40th Chief of Staff of the Army, Gen. [[James C. McConville]]</ref><ref name="csa2">Chief of Staff paper #2 [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/03/29/bf6c30e6/csa-paper-2-the-army-in-military-competition.pdf (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition]</ref>{{efn|name= lessonsFromRUkr}} |
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=== 2019 === |
=== 2019 === |
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AFC declared its full operational capability in July 2019,<ref name="foc31jul19">Scott Maucione [https://federalnewsnetwork.com/army/2019/07/army-futures-command-fully-operational-dinged-by-gao-on-announcement/ (19 July 2019) Army Futures Command fully operational, dinged by GAO on announcement]</ref><ref name="noUniforms">Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (11 July 2019) {{Cite web |title=Embracing a new culture at Army Futures Command |url=https://www.army.mil/article/224201/embracing_a_new_culture_at_army_futures_command |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}</ref> after an initial one-year period.<ref name="24aug2018">{{Cite web |title=Army Futures Command Press Conference |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/video/621108/army-futures-command-press-conference |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=DVIDS |language=en}}</ref> The [[Military budget of the United States#Budget for FY2021|FY2020 military budget]] allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over next five years.<ref name="fy2020,30billion" /> The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.<ref name="fy2020,30billion" /><ref name="big6tenBillionReallocationBy2025" /> More than 30 projects<ref name="31sigEfforts">[[Michael A. Grinston]], [[James C. McConville]], and [[Ryan McCarthy (U.S. Army)|Ryan McCarthy]][https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/2019_army_modernization_strategy_final.pdf (2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy] revision 7, CFTs' 31 signature efforts</ref><ref name="g8OnMilestoneCs" /> were envisioned to become the materiel basis needed for [[overmatch]]ing any potential competitors in the '[[conflict continuum|continuum of conflict]]' over the next ten years<ref name="BigSix5yrTest1st" /><ref name="FOC2019">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/01/2019-forecast-12-moments-of-truth-for-army-modernization/ (11 January 2019) 12 Moments Of Truth For Army Modernization In 2019]</ref> in multi-domain operations ([[Reorganization plan of United States Army#Multi-domain operations (MDO)|MDO]]).<ref name="mdo101">MDO Challenge [https://community.apan.org/wg/aucoi/multi-domain-operations-in-education/w/wiki/25794/start-here---mdo-101/ (15 May 2019) *Start here* MDO 101] General explanation of multi-domain operations (MDO) for the layman</ref> |
AFC declared its full operational capability in July 2019,<ref name="foc31jul19">Scott Maucione [https://federalnewsnetwork.com/army/2019/07/army-futures-command-fully-operational-dinged-by-gao-on-announcement/ (19 July 2019) Army Futures Command fully operational, dinged by GAO on announcement]</ref><ref name="noUniforms">Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (11 July 2019) {{Cite web |title=Embracing a new culture at Army Futures Command |url=https://www.army.mil/article/224201/embracing_a_new_culture_at_army_futures_command |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}</ref> after an initial one-year period.<ref name="24aug2018">{{Cite web |title=Army Futures Command Press Conference |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/video/621108/army-futures-command-press-conference |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=DVIDS |language=en}}</ref> The [[Military budget of the United States#Budget for FY2021|FY2020 military budget]] allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over next five years.<ref name="fy2020,30billion" /> The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.<ref name="fy2020,30billion" /><ref name="big6tenBillionReallocationBy2025" /> More than 30 projects<ref name="31sigEfforts">[[Michael A. Grinston]], [[James C. McConville]], and [[Ryan McCarthy (U.S. Army)|Ryan McCarthy]][https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/2019_army_modernization_strategy_final.pdf (2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy] revision 7, CFTs' 31 signature efforts</ref><ref name="g8OnMilestoneCs">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/can-army-control-costs-of-its-new-weapons/ (19 September 2019) Can Army Control Costs Of Its New Weapons?] Currently the Army has 692 programs of record</ref> were envisioned to become the materiel basis needed for [[overmatch]]ing any potential competitors in the '[[conflict continuum|continuum of conflict]]' over the next ten years<ref name="BigSix5yrTest1st" /><ref name="FOC2019">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/01/2019-forecast-12-moments-of-truth-for-army-modernization/ (11 January 2019) 12 Moments Of Truth For Army Modernization In 2019]</ref> in multi-domain operations ([[Reorganization plan of United States Army#Multi-domain operations (MDO)|MDO]]).<ref name="mdo101">MDO Challenge [https://community.apan.org/wg/aucoi/multi-domain-operations-in-education/w/wiki/25794/start-here---mdo-101/ (15 May 2019) *Start here* MDO 101] General explanation of multi-domain operations (MDO) for the layman</ref> |
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From an initial 12 people at its headquarters in 2018, AFC grew to 24,000 people across 25 states and 15 countries in 2019.<ref>Sean Kimmons {{citation |url=https://www.army.mil/article/224744/in_first_year_futures_command_grows_from_12_to_24000_personnel |publisher=Army News Service |date=July 19, 2019 |title=In first year, Futures Command grows from 12 to 24,000 personnel}}</ref> research facilities and personnel (including ARCIC and RDECOM) moved from other commands and parts of the Army such as the [[United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2018/09/futures-command-wont-hurt-oversight-army-tells-congress/ |first= Sydney J. |last= Freedberg Jr |date=13 September 2018 |title=Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress |publisher=Breakingdefense.com}}</ref> |
From an initial 12 people at its headquarters in 2018, AFC grew to 24,000 people across 25 states and 15 countries in 2019.<ref>Sean Kimmons {{citation |url=https://www.army.mil/article/224744/in_first_year_futures_command_grows_from_12_to_24000_personnel |publisher=Army News Service |date=July 19, 2019 |title=In first year, Futures Command grows from 12 to 24,000 personnel}}</ref> research facilities and personnel (including ARCIC and RDECOM) moved from other commands and parts of the Army such as the [[United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2018/09/futures-command-wont-hurt-oversight-army-tells-congress/ |first= Sydney J. |last= Freedberg Jr |date=13 September 2018 |title=Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress |publisher=Breakingdefense.com}}</ref> |
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# Summary: 'advances on the battlefield requires comprehensive, coordinated changes in the entire acquisition system';</ref><ref name="RandApB">The RAND Corporation [https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf (2000) ''Discovery and Innovation: Federal Research and Development in the Fifty States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico'' RAND MR1194 Appendix B: Government-Wide and DOD Definitions of R&D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306041646/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf|date=6 March 2021}} See Appendix B p.615 for DOD Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2B, Chapter 5)</ref>{{rp|for definitions of terms, such as '6.3'}} will flow into TRADOC doctrine, manuals, and training programs.{{efn|name=g357 }} |
# Summary: 'advances on the battlefield requires comprehensive, coordinated changes in the entire acquisition system';</ref><ref name="RandApB">The RAND Corporation [https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf (2000) ''Discovery and Innovation: Federal Research and Development in the Fifty States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico'' RAND MR1194 Appendix B: Government-Wide and DOD Definitions of R&D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306041646/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf|date=6 March 2021}} See Appendix B p.615 for DOD Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2B, Chapter 5)</ref>{{rp|for definitions of terms, such as '6.3'}} will flow into TRADOC doctrine, manuals, and training programs.{{efn|name=g357 }} |
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# Combat Development: stabilized concepts.<ref name=holland/><ref name=RandApB/> Balance the current state of technology and the cash-flow requirements of the defense contractors providing the technology, that they become deliverable experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes, in an iterative process of [[United States Army Acquisition Corps|acquisition]].<ref name=6Dec2017>Neil Hollenbeck and Benjamin Jensen [https://warontherocks.com/2017/12/army-needs-futures-command/ (6 December 2017) Why the Army needs a Futures Command] Enable a culture of experimentation, and develop concepts and technology together.</ref>{{efn| name= 24of35InFy2023}}{{efn|name= waypointsToMDO}} (''See [[#Value stream|Value stream]]'') |
# Combat Development: stabilized concepts.<ref name=holland/><ref name=RandApB/> Balance the current state of technology and the cash-flow requirements of the defense contractors providing the technology, that they become deliverable experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes, in an iterative process of [[United States Army Acquisition Corps|acquisition]].<ref name=6Dec2017>Neil Hollenbeck and Benjamin Jensen [https://warontherocks.com/2017/12/army-needs-futures-command/ (6 December 2017) Why the Army needs a Futures Command] Enable a culture of experimentation, and develop concepts and technology together.</ref>{{efn| name= 24of35InFy2023}}{{efn|name= waypointsToMDO}} (''See [[#Value stream|Value stream]]'') |
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# Combat Systems: experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes.<ref name=MDA/> Transition to the acquisition, production, and sustainment programs of AMC.<ref name=asaWSH2018/>{{efn|name= asaWsh2018ToC| [[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf (2018)] Weapon Systems Handbook [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update] Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages. |
# Combat Systems: experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes.<ref name=MDA/> Transition to the acquisition, production, and sustainment programs of AMC.<ref name="asaWSH2018">[[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf Weapon Systems Handbook 2018] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update]</ref>{{efn|name= asaWsh2018ToC| [[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf (2018)] Weapon Systems Handbook [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update] Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages. |
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*By Modernization priority |
*By Modernization priority |
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*By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support |
*By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support |
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AFC activities include at least one Cross-functional team, its Capability development integration directorate (CDID),<ref name=G.O.2018-10/>{{rp|Para. 2b}} and the associated Battle Lab,<ref name=G.O.2018-10/>{{rp|Para. 2b}} for each ([[Center of excellence#United States Army|Army Center of Excellence]] (CoE)) respectively. Each CDID and associated Battle Lab work with their CFT<ref name=ccdc8feb2019cg/> to develop operational experiments and prototypes to test. |
AFC activities include at least one Cross-functional team, its Capability development integration directorate (CDID),<ref name=G.O.2018-10/>{{rp|Para. 2b}} and the associated Battle Lab,<ref name=G.O.2018-10/>{{rp|Para. 2b}} for each ([[Center of excellence#United States Army|Army Center of Excellence]] (CoE)) respectively. Each CDID and associated Battle Lab work with their CFT<ref name=ccdc8feb2019cg/> to develop operational experiments and prototypes to test. |
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ASA(ALT), in coordination with AFC, has dotted-line relationships between its PEOs and the CFTs. In particular, the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office of ASA(ALT) has a PEO who is charged with developing experimental prototype 'units of action' for rapid fielding to the Soldiers. The prototypes are currently for Long range hypersonic weapons, High energy laser defense, and Space, as of June 2019,<ref name=rcctoOpenHouse>Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office [https://www.army.mil/article/223154/partnering_for_speed_army_rapid_prototyping_office_hosts_industry_open_house (14 June 2019) Partnering for speed: Army rapid prototyping office hosts industry open house]</ref><ref name="thurgood2019">Clark, Colin [https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/army-moves-out-on-lasers-hypersonics-lt-gen-thurgood/ (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood]</ref><ref name=rccto/> Speed and range are the Army capabilities which are being augmented,<ref name=ahwJointHypersonic/><ref name=mdo,1000miTargeting/><ref name=strategicFiresBN/><ref name=2023hypersonicTest/> with spending on these capabilities tripling between 2017 and 2019.<ref>Sydney J Freedberg [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/army-tripled-prototyping-to-4-8b-in-just-3-years-gao/ (2 Oct 2020) Army Tripled OTA Prototyping To $4.8B In Just 3 Years: GAO]</ref> |
ASA(ALT), in coordination with AFC, has dotted-line relationships between its PEOs and the CFTs. In particular, the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office of ASA(ALT) has a PEO who is charged with developing experimental prototype 'units of action' for rapid fielding to the Soldiers. The prototypes are currently for Long range hypersonic weapons, High energy laser defense, and Space, as of June 2019,<ref name=rcctoOpenHouse>Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office [https://www.army.mil/article/223154/partnering_for_speed_army_rapid_prototyping_office_hosts_industry_open_house (14 June 2019) Partnering for speed: Army rapid prototyping office hosts industry open house]</ref><ref name="thurgood2019">Clark, Colin [https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/army-moves-out-on-lasers-hypersonics-lt-gen-thurgood/ (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood]</ref><ref name="rccto">Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2019/03/13/army-rapid-capabilities-office-is-getting-a-new-name-and-mission/ (13 March 2019) Army Rapid Capabilities Office is getting a new name and mission]</ref> Speed and range are the Army capabilities which are being augmented,<ref name=ahwJointHypersonic/><ref name=mdo,1000miTargeting/><ref name=strategicFiresBN/><ref name=2023hypersonicTest/> with spending on these capabilities tripling between 2017 and 2019.<ref>Sydney J Freedberg [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/army-tripled-prototyping-to-4-8b-in-just-3-years-gao/ (2 Oct 2020) Army Tripled OTA Prototyping To $4.8B In Just 3 Years: GAO]</ref> |
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Tests are run by [[Brigade Modernization Command|JMC]] and [[White Sands Missile Range]], which hosts ATEC.<ref name="wsmr">{{Cite web|title=Team White Sands Organizations|url=https://www.wsmr.army.mil/testcenter/TWSO/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.wsmr.army.mil}}</ref> As [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command]] (ATEC) reports directly to the Army Chief of Staff,<ref name=AR10-87>''Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units'' ARN2541_AR10-87_WEB_Final.pdf section 20-2a, p.27</ref> the test support level from ATEC<ref>For example, |
Tests are run by [[Brigade Modernization Command|JMC]] and [[White Sands Missile Range]], which hosts ATEC.<ref name="wsmr">{{Cite web|title=Team White Sands Organizations|url=https://www.wsmr.army.mil/testcenter/TWSO/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.wsmr.army.mil}}</ref> As [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command]] (ATEC) reports directly to the Army Chief of Staff,<ref name=AR10-87>''Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units'' ARN2541_AR10-87_WEB_Final.pdf section 20-2a, p.27</ref> the test support level from ATEC<ref>For example, |
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In addition, the Program Executive Officers ([[Program Executive Officer|PEOs]]) of ASA (ALT) are to maintain a dotted-line relationship<ref name=aCFT group=Note /> (i.e., coordination) with Futures Command.<ref name=asaALT/><ref name=sjFjr26Mar2018/> |
In addition, the Program Executive Officers ([[Program Executive Officer|PEOs]]) of ASA (ALT) are to maintain a dotted-line relationship<ref name=aCFT group=Note /> (i.e., coordination) with Futures Command.<ref name=asaALT/><ref name=sjFjr26Mar2018/> |
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There is now a [[Program Executive Officer|PEO]] for Rapid Capabilities (RCO) with two program managers, one for rapid prototyping, and one for rapid acquisition, of a capability.<ref>Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/global-force-symposium/2018/03/26/the-next-army-program-executive-office-will-be-the-rapid-capabilities-office/ (26 March 2018) The next Army program executive office will be the Rapid Capabilities Office]</ref> Requirements are developed by the Cross-functional team (CFT).<ref name=rco>Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2018/10/07/army-rapid-capabilities-office-realigned-to-focus-on-top-modernization-priorities/ (7 Oct 2018) Army Rapid Capabilities Office realigned to focus on top modernization priorities]</ref> In 2019 RCO became the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO)<ref name=rcctoRedstone>RCO [https://rapidcapabilitiesoffice.army.mil/ RCCTO (2019) Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office]</ref>. |
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===Progress toward MDO=== |
===Progress toward MDO=== |
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By 2021 the Army's 40th Chief of Staff could lay out [[United States Army Futures Command#Waypoint 2028 and the Army of 2030|Waypoint 2028]], and [[#mdoCapable2028Ready2035|Aimpoint 2035]] for the Army.<ref name= csaPaper1/><ref name= csa2/> |
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[[File:XmPrototypeErca.jpg|thumb| At [[Picatinny Arsenal]] in September 2020 a [[M1299|XM1299 Extended Range Cannon Artillery]] self-propelled howitzer with an AI kill chain used a hypervelocity munition to intercept a cruise missile surrogate.<ref name=xm1299ercaHowitzer/>]] |
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The [[Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 Programs of The United States Army|Army G8]] is monitoring just how producible (Milestone C) the upcoming materiel will be; for the moment, the G8 is funding the materiel.<ref name="g8OnMilestoneCs">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/can-army-control-costs-of-its-new-weapons/ (19 September 2019) Can Army Control Costs Of Its New Weapons?] Currently the Army has 692 programs of record</ref><ref name= afcClarification/> Follow-up on Modernization reviews is forthcoming, on a regular basis, according to the G8.<ref name=followupOnModernizationReviews >Joe Lacdan [https://www.army.mil/article/227414/g_8_army_operations_in_the_pacific_crucial_to_future_battlefield_success (19 September 2019) G-8: Army operations in the Pacific crucial to future battlefield success ] Follow-up on Modernization Reviews is forthcoming, on a regular basis.</ref><ref name=livingWithaCR>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/congress-budget-gridlock-threatens-army-hypersonics/ (20 September 2019) Congress' Budget Gridlock Threatens Army Hypersonics] G8 is posing a heuristic to get beyond delay in NDAA (national defense authorization act) for 2020 (get Army funding by calendar year-end) |
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*Jacob Pramuk [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/27/trump-signs-spending-bill-to-avoid-government-shutdown.html (27 Sep 2019) Trump signs spending bill to avoid another government shutdown] CR funds the government until 21 Nov 2019</ref><ref name=followupFy2021BudgetReq>Follow-up FY2021 Budget Request: Thomas Brading, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/233397/hypersonic_tests_modernization_top_army_budget_request (5 March 2020) Hypersonic tests, modernization top Army budget request] for funding of the top 6 modernization priorities; progress on the spend plan for tests of the prototypes vs actual spending</ref> |
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The progress in the top six priorities (long-range precision fires, [[Next Generation Combat Vehicle]], [[Future Vertical Lift]] platforms, a mobile & expeditionary Army network, air & missile defense capabilities,{{efn| name= AmdCsis2018 |1= In January 2018 Lt. Gen. [[James H. Dickinson]] broached the possibility of both strategic fires and air/missile defense capabilities being in the same unit.<ref name= cutshaw2018>Jason B. Cutshaw, USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/199845/smdc_leader_addresses_national_missile_defense_community (30 January 2018) SMDC leader addresses national missile defense community]</ref><ref name= amdMdtf2018 >Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) |
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[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMRgjd6TOmo (28 Jan 2018) Distributed Defense: New Operational Concepts for Integrated Air and Missile Defense] 2:40:56 [[James H. Dickinson]] SMDC</ref>}} and soldier lethality) being:<ref name=aCFT group=Note/><ref name=asaWSH2018>[[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf Weapon Systems Handbook 2018] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update]</ref>{{efn|name= asaWsh2018ToC}}<ref name=BigSix5yrTest1st/><ref name=sharkTank/><ref name="foc31July2019Kimmons">Sean Kimmons, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/224660/futures_command_showcases_efforts_ahead_of_upcoming_foc (18 July 2019) Futures Command showcases efforts ahead of upcoming FOC]</ref><ref name=summaryOfStandoff2018>Yasmin Tadjdeh [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2018/10/10/army-to-focus-on-defeating-enemies-standoff-capabilities (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities] Summary of standoff</ref><ref name=standoff/> |
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{{anchor|mdoLRPF}} |
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==== Long Range Precision Fires ==== |
==== Long Range Precision Fires ==== |
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The AFC's Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT aims to "deliver cutting-edge [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface (SSM) fires systems]] that will significantly increase range and effects over currently fielded US and adversary systems."<ref>Army Futures Command {{Cite web|title=Long Range Precision Fires CFT|url=https://armyfuturescommand.com/lrpf/|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Army Futures Command|publisher=U.S. Army}}</ref> |
The AFC's Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT aims to "deliver cutting-edge [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface (SSM) fires systems]] that will significantly increase range and effects over currently fielded US and adversary systems."<ref>Army Futures Command {{Cite web|title=Long Range Precision Fires CFT|url=https://armyfuturescommand.com/lrpf/|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Army Futures Command|publisher=U.S. Army}}</ref> |
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*Provide extended range (beyond 650-700 km) within the existing [[HIMARS]] MLRS form factor</ref> an upgraded version of PrSM, with multi-mode seekers will then be sought.<ref name= prsm2027 >Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/05/the-army-could-get-its-next-gen-precision-strike-missiles-in-fy27/ (3 May 2027) The Army could get its next-gen Precision Strike Missiles in FY27]</ref> The Army needs PrSM Increment 2 for INDOPACOM.<ref name=prsmInc2 >Ashley Rocque [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/heres-3-future-missiles-indopacom-says-it-needs-quicker/ (20 Apr 2023) Here are 3 future missiles INDOPACOM says it needs to challenge China]</ref><ref name= pc2021Lrpf/>{{efn| name= ccdcAvMcGoals}} |
*Provide extended range (beyond 650-700 km) within the existing [[HIMARS]] MLRS form factor</ref> an upgraded version of PrSM, with multi-mode seekers will then be sought.<ref name= prsm2027 >Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/05/the-army-could-get-its-next-gen-precision-strike-missiles-in-fy27/ (3 May 2027) The Army could get its next-gen Precision Strike Missiles in FY27]</ref> The Army needs PrSM Increment 2 for INDOPACOM.<ref name=prsmInc2 >Ashley Rocque [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/heres-3-future-missiles-indopacom-says-it-needs-quicker/ (20 Apr 2023) Here are 3 future missiles INDOPACOM says it needs to challenge China]</ref><ref name= pc2021Lrpf/>{{efn| name= ccdcAvMcGoals}} |
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*{{anchor|MRC}} For targets beyond the PrSM's range, the Army's [[#mdoRCCTO|RCCTO]] will seek a mid-range missile prototype by 2023, with a reach from 1000 to 2000 miles.<ref name=midRangeMissile >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/army-seeks-new-mid-range-missile-prototype-by-2023 (08 September 2020) Army Seeks New Mid-Range Missile Prototype By 2023] 1000 mile missile needed.</ref><ref name=mrc,MidRangeCapability >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/army-asks-hill-for-new-mid-range-missile-asap-thurgood/ (14 October 2020) Army Asks Hill For New Mid-Range Missile $$$ ASAP: Thurgood] Fund the Mid-Range Capability (MRC) with 2020 Above Threshold Reprogramming (ATR).</ref><ref name= if12135update/><ref name= 31sigPm23,27 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/china-russia-threats-to-drive-what-army-keeps-cuts-gen-murray/ (13 October 2020) China, Russia Threats To Drive What Army Keeps & Cuts: Gen. Murray] TRAC needs to produce its reports in 3 months or faster.</ref> Loren Thompson points out that a spectrum of medium-range to long-range weapons will be available to the service by 2023;<ref name= defenseOfLrpf >Loren Thompson [https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2021/04/12/air-power-advocates-are-attacking-army-long-range-strike-plans-heres-why-theyre-wrong/?sh=16f850243a11 (12 Apr 2021) Air Power Advocates Are Attacking Army Long-Range Strike Plans. Here's Why They're Wrong.]</ref> RCCTO's prototype Mid-Range Capability (MRC) battery will field mature Navy missiles, likely for the Indo-Pacific theater in FY2023.<ref name= tomahawkSm6 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/army-picks-tomahawk-sm-6-for-mid-range-missiles/ (6 November 2020) Army Picks Tomahawk & SM-6 For Mid-Range Missiles] [[Tomahawk (missile)]] and [[SM-6]] (RIM-174 Standard ERAM)</ref><ref name= if12135update/> DARPA is developing [[OpFires]], an intermediate-range hypersonic weapon which is shorter-range than the Army's LRHW. DARPA is seeking a role in the armory for OpFires' throttle-able rocket motor, post-2023.<ref name=darpaOpFires >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/darpas-hypersonic-opfires-aims-for-army-1000-mile-missile/ (23 October 2020) DARPA's Hypersonic OpFires Aims For Army 1,000-Mile Missile]</ref><ref name=counterRuZh >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/11/beyond-inf-countering-russia-countering-china-analysis/ (13 November 2018) Beyond INF: Countering Russia, Countering China (Analysis)]</ref> DARPA announced in July 2022 it successfully tested its OpFires hypersonic weapon at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) for the first time.<ref name= darpaOpFiresTest >Mike Stone [https://news.yahoo.com/u-successfully-tested-lockheed-hypersonic-165335256.html (13 Jul 2022) U.S. successfully tests pair of Lockheed hypersonic missiles]</ref> The OpFires launch was from a Marine Corps logistics truck.<ref name= usmcTruck >John Vandiver [https://www.stripes.com/branches/marine_corps/2022-07-18/hypersonic-test-marine-corps-6688403.html (18 Jul 2022) DARPA scores success with hypersonic missile launch from Marine Corps truck]</ref> OpFires will "rapidly and precisely engage critical, time-sensitive targets while penetrating modern enemy air defenses", potentially to be launched from a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher.<ref name= darpaOpFiresTest /> These weapons will likely require planning for new Army (or Joint) formations. |
*{{anchor|MRC}} For targets beyond the PrSM's range, the Army's [[#mdoRCCTO|RCCTO]] will seek a mid-range missile prototype by 2023, with a reach from 1000 to 2000 miles.<ref name=midRangeMissile >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/army-seeks-new-mid-range-missile-prototype-by-2023 (08 September 2020) Army Seeks New Mid-Range Missile Prototype By 2023] 1000 mile missile needed.</ref><ref name=mrc,MidRangeCapability >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/army-asks-hill-for-new-mid-range-missile-asap-thurgood/ (14 October 2020) Army Asks Hill For New Mid-Range Missile $$$ ASAP: Thurgood] Fund the Mid-Range Capability (MRC) with 2020 Above Threshold Reprogramming (ATR).</ref><ref name= if12135update/><ref name= 31sigPm23,27 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/china-russia-threats-to-drive-what-army-keeps-cuts-gen-murray/ (13 October 2020) China, Russia Threats To Drive What Army Keeps & Cuts: Gen. Murray] TRAC needs to produce its reports in 3 months or faster.</ref> Loren Thompson points out that a spectrum of medium-range to long-range weapons will be available to the service by 2023;<ref name= defenseOfLrpf >Loren Thompson [https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2021/04/12/air-power-advocates-are-attacking-army-long-range-strike-plans-heres-why-theyre-wrong/?sh=16f850243a11 (12 Apr 2021) Air Power Advocates Are Attacking Army Long-Range Strike Plans. Here's Why They're Wrong.]</ref> RCCTO's prototype Mid-Range Capability (MRC) battery will field mature Navy missiles, likely for the Indo-Pacific theater in FY2023.<ref name= tomahawkSm6 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/army-picks-tomahawk-sm-6-for-mid-range-missiles/ (6 November 2020) Army Picks Tomahawk & SM-6 For Mid-Range Missiles] [[Tomahawk (missile)]] and [[SM-6]] (RIM-174 Standard ERAM)</ref><ref name= if12135update/> DARPA is developing [[OpFires]], an intermediate-range hypersonic weapon which is shorter-range than the Army's LRHW. DARPA is seeking a role in the armory for OpFires' throttle-able rocket motor, post-2023.<ref name=darpaOpFires >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/darpas-hypersonic-opfires-aims-for-army-1000-mile-missile/ (23 October 2020) DARPA's Hypersonic OpFires Aims For Army 1,000-Mile Missile]</ref><ref name=counterRuZh >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/11/beyond-inf-countering-russia-countering-china-analysis/ (13 November 2018) Beyond INF: Countering Russia, Countering China (Analysis)]</ref> DARPA announced in July 2022 it successfully tested its OpFires hypersonic weapon at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) for the first time.<ref name= darpaOpFiresTest >Mike Stone [https://news.yahoo.com/u-successfully-tested-lockheed-hypersonic-165335256.html (13 Jul 2022) U.S. successfully tests pair of Lockheed hypersonic missiles]</ref> The OpFires launch was from a Marine Corps logistics truck.<ref name= usmcTruck >John Vandiver [https://www.stripes.com/branches/marine_corps/2022-07-18/hypersonic-test-marine-corps-6688403.html (18 Jul 2022) DARPA scores success with hypersonic missile launch from Marine Corps truck]</ref> OpFires will "rapidly and precisely engage critical, time-sensitive targets while penetrating modern enemy air defenses", potentially to be launched from a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher.<ref name= darpaOpFiresTest /> These weapons will likely require planning for new Army (or Joint) formations. |
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*{{anchor|lrhw}} The [[Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon|Long range hypersonic weapon]]s (LRHWs) will use precision targeting data against anti-access area denial (A2AD) radars and other critical infrastructure of near-peer competitors by 2023.<ref name=lrhw5jun19/><ref name= dyneticsChgbLockheedLrhw/> LRHW does depend on stable funding.<ref name= ndaaCommission >Bill Greenwalt [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/new-defense-budget-commission-could-be-last-hope-for-fixing-dod-spending/ (13 Dec 2021) New defense budget commission could be last hope for fixing DoD spending].</ref><ref name=livingWithaCR/><ref name= helsLrhw2021 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/02/army-ramps-up-funding-for-laser-shield-hypersonic-sword/ (28 Feb 2020) Army Ramps Up Funding For Laser Shield, Hypersonic Sword ] In FY2021 HELs funding is up 209 percent; LRHW funding is up 86 percent. RCCTO spending is $1 billion in 2021.</ref><ref name= 2hypersonicTestsIn2021 >Corey Dickstein [https://www.stripes.com/news/us/army-to-fire-two-hypersonic-test-shots-this-year-mccarthy-says-1.621146 (3 March 2020) Army to fire two hypersonic test shots this year, McCarthy says]</ref><ref name= lrhwCrs /> |
*{{anchor|lrhw}} The [[Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon|Long range hypersonic weapon]]s (LRHWs) will use precision targeting data against anti-access area denial (A2AD) radars and other critical infrastructure of near-peer competitors by 2023.<ref name=lrhw5jun19/><ref name= dyneticsChgbLockheedLrhw/> LRHW does depend on stable funding.<ref name= ndaaCommission >Bill Greenwalt [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/new-defense-budget-commission-could-be-last-hope-for-fixing-dod-spending/ (13 Dec 2021) New defense budget commission could be last hope for fixing DoD spending].</ref><ref name="livingWithaCR">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/congress-budget-gridlock-threatens-army-hypersonics/ (20 September 2019) Congress' Budget Gridlock Threatens Army Hypersonics] G8 is posing a heuristic to get beyond delay in NDAA (national defense authorization act) for 2020 (get Army funding by calendar year-end) |
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* Jacob Pramuk [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/27/trump-signs-spending-bill-to-avoid-government-shutdown.html (27 Sep 2019) Trump signs spending bill to avoid another government shutdown] CR funds the government until 21 Nov 2019</ref><ref name= helsLrhw2021 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/02/army-ramps-up-funding-for-laser-shield-hypersonic-sword/ (28 Feb 2020) Army Ramps Up Funding For Laser Shield, Hypersonic Sword ] In FY2021 HELs funding is up 209 percent; LRHW funding is up 86 percent. RCCTO spending is $1 billion in 2021.</ref><ref name= 2hypersonicTestsIn2021 >Corey Dickstein [https://www.stripes.com/news/us/army-to-fire-two-hypersonic-test-shots-this-year-mccarthy-says-1.621146 (3 March 2020) Army to fire two hypersonic test shots this year, McCarthy says]</ref><ref name= lrhwCrs /> |
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**[[Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System]] (AFATDS) 7.0 is the vehicle for a Multi-domain task force's artillery battery very similar to a [[THAAD]] battery: beginning in 2020, these batteries will train for a hypersonic glide vehicle which is common to the Joint forces.<ref name=afatds >Sean Kimmons, Army News Service {{Cite web|title=Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year|url=https://www.army.mil/article/222617/joint_hypersonic_weapon_tests_to_start_next_year|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref> The Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)<ref name= lrhw5jun19 >Ryan Pickrell [https://www.businessinsider.com/us-army-to-field-hypersonic-missiles-lasers-under-4-years-2019-6 (5 June 2019) The US Army says it will have hypersonic missiles and laser weapons ready for combat in less than 4 years]</ref> glide vehicle is to be launched from [[transporter erector launcher]]s.<ref name="afatds" /><ref name= vrHelpsLrhw >Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) [https://www.army.mil/article/232510/virtual_reality_helps_soldiers_shape_army_hypersonic_weapon_prototype (12 February 2020) Virtual Reality helps Soldiers shape Army hypersonic weapon prototype] LRHW</ref><ref name= helsLrhw2021/> Tests of the Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB) to be used by the Army and Navy were meeting expectations in 2020.<ref name= chgbTest20Mar20/><ref name= lrhwCrs /> |
**[[Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System]] (AFATDS) 7.0 is the vehicle for a Multi-domain task force's artillery battery very similar to a [[THAAD]] battery: beginning in 2020, these batteries will train for a hypersonic glide vehicle which is common to the Joint forces.<ref name=afatds >Sean Kimmons, Army News Service {{Cite web|title=Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year|url=https://www.army.mil/article/222617/joint_hypersonic_weapon_tests_to_start_next_year|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref> The Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)<ref name= lrhw5jun19 >Ryan Pickrell [https://www.businessinsider.com/us-army-to-field-hypersonic-missiles-lasers-under-4-years-2019-6 (5 June 2019) The US Army says it will have hypersonic missiles and laser weapons ready for combat in less than 4 years]</ref> glide vehicle is to be launched from [[transporter erector launcher]]s.<ref name="afatds" /><ref name= vrHelpsLrhw >Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) [https://www.army.mil/article/232510/virtual_reality_helps_soldiers_shape_army_hypersonic_weapon_prototype (12 February 2020) Virtual Reality helps Soldiers shape Army hypersonic weapon prototype] LRHW</ref><ref name= helsLrhw2021/> Tests of the Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB) to be used by the Army and Navy were meeting expectations in 2020.<ref name= chgbTest20Mar20/><ref name= lrhwCrs /> |
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**{{anchor|mdoKillChain20Sec}}In August 2020 the director of Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) CFT announced tests which integrate the entire fires [[kill chain]], from initial detection to final destruction. William B. Nelson announced the flow of satellite data from the European theater (Germany), and AI processing of AFATDS targeting data to the fires units.<ref name= afatdsKillChain >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/08/army-tests-new-all-domain-kill-chain-from-space-to-ai/ (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI ] |
**{{anchor|mdoKillChain20Sec}}In August 2020 the director of Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) CFT announced tests which integrate the entire fires [[kill chain]], from initial detection to final destruction. William B. Nelson announced the flow of satellite data from the European theater (Germany), and AI processing of AFATDS targeting data to the fires units.<ref name= afatdsKillChain >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/08/army-tests-new-all-domain-kill-chain-from-space-to-ai/ (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI ] |
Revision as of 14:52, 2 October 2023
United States Army Futures Command | |
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![]() | |
Founded | 24 August 2018[2] |
Country | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Army command |
Garrison/HQ | Austin, Texas |
Motto(s) | "Forge the future"[1] |
Website | www |
Commanders | |
Commanding general[5] | GEN James E. Rainey[3] |
Deputy Commanding Generals[5] | LTG Richard R. Coffman LTG D. Scott McKean[4] |
Command Sergeant Major[5] | CSM Brian A. Hester |
Deputy to the Commander[5] | SES William "Willie" Nelson |
Insignia | |
Distinctive unit insignia[1] | ![]() |
Beret flash | ![]() |
The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) is a United States Army command that runs modernization projects[a] for the Army. It is headquartered in Austin, Texas.
The AFC was began initial operations on 1 July 2018.[6] It was created as a peer of Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), and Army Materiel Command (AMC).[7][8] While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aims to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers.[9][10][11]
It is supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command (75th Innovation Command).[12]
History
2018
General Mark Milley, then Army Chief of Staff, helped establish the Army Futures Command.[13] Its first commander was by General John Murray,[14] formerly the Army's G-8.[a]
Over his four-year term as the Army's chief of staff, Milley, working with top service officials, shifted billions of dollars into modernization programs and based the new command in Austin, Texas, an area known for its innovative, technology-focused workforce. [1] The Army gave the command's chief and the leaders of new groups, dubbed "cross-functional teams", the authority to manage requirements and the leeway to direct dollars.
At its founding, Futures Command was focused on six priorities:[Note 1] Long-range precision fires, Next Generation Combat Vehicle, Future Vertical Lift platforms, a mobile & expeditionary Army network, air and missile defense capabilities,[15] and soldier lethality.
Murray announced plans to stand up an Army Applications Lab[Note 2] to accelerate acquisition and deployment of materiel to the soldiers, including by using artificial intelligence (AI). [16][17]
Murray also said he would hire a chief technology officer for AFC.[18][19]
A fundamental strategy was formulated, involving simultaneous integrated operations across domains.[20][21] This strategy involves pushing adversaries to standoff,[b] [24][23] by presenting them with multiple simultaneous dilemmas.[25][26][c] A goal is that by 2028, the ability to project rapid, responsive power across domains will have become apparent to potential adversaries.[27][28][d]
2019
AFC declared its full operational capability in July 2019,[29][30] after an initial one-year period.[31] The FY2020 military budget allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over next five years.[32] The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.[32][33] More than 30 projects[34][35] were envisioned to become the materiel basis needed for overmatching any potential competitors in the 'continuum of conflict' over the next ten years[36][37] in multi-domain operations (MDO).[38]
From an initial 12 people at its headquarters in 2018, AFC grew to 24,000 people across 25 states and 15 countries in 2019.[39] research facilities and personnel (including ARCIC and RDECOM) moved from other commands and parts of the Army such as the United States Army Research Laboratory.[40]
2022
In 2022, Army leaders projected that 24 of the top-35 priority modernization programs would be deployed by fiscal 2023.[41]
Army Secretary Christine Wormuth announced the top six areas for the Army of 2030:[42][43]: minute 43:30 1) improved intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; 2) "Coordination at greater speed";[c] 3) "Win the Fires fight"; 4) concealment[44][45] via improved mobility and reduced signature; 5) "talk often and quickly";[46][e] and 6) logistics.[42][47][27][28] [48][49] [50] [51]
In October 2022, Wormuth assigned AFC to work on "Army of 2040" concepts.[a][52][43]: minute 51:00 [47][53][54] Two months later, Futures Command hosted a conference with representatives from AMC, TRADOC, FORSCOM, and Headquarters Department of the Army.[55][55][55][56][57][58] AFC is leading the development of a new Army Operating Concept (v. 1.0) for the Army of 2030 to 2040.[59][60][59][a]
Shift to multi-domain operations (MDO)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Multi-domain_operations%2CinvestmentPlan2020.png/310px-Multi-domain_operations%2CinvestmentPlan2020.png)
In 2018, Secretary of the Army Ryan McCarthy said Futures Command would have three areas of focus:[64]
- Futures and Concepts: assess gaps (needs versus opportunities,[65] given a threat).[64] Concepts for realizable future systems (with readily harvestable content)[66][67]: for definitions of terms, such as '6.3' will flow into TRADOC doctrine, manuals, and training programs.[a]
- Combat Development: stabilized concepts.[66][67] Balance the current state of technology and the cash-flow requirements of the defense contractors providing the technology, that they become deliverable experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes, in an iterative process of acquisition.[68][g][h] (See Value stream)
- Combat Systems: experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes.[69] Transition to the acquisition, production, and sustainment programs of AMC.[70][i][f]
Army Secretary Mark Esper said that the 2018 administrative infrastructure for the Futures and Concepts Center (formerly ARCIC) and United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC, now called DEVCOM, (formerly RDECOM)) remains in place at their existing locations.[74] What has changed or will change is the layers of command (operational control, or OPCON)[75] needed to make a decision.[74] He said, "You've got to remain open to change, you've got to remain flexible, you've [got] to remain accessible. That is the purpose of this command."[74][76] See § Army of 2040
Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs)
The command uses cross-functional teams to reform the acquisition process.[77][78]
A goal of AFC is overmatch of the capability of a competitor or adversary, particularly the imposition of multiple simultaneous dilemmas upon a competitor or adversary.[10] By 2021, Army leaders recognized that the multi-domain operations task force[79] could do so.[80]: min 30:45 [c] In 2023 a new CFT was stood up for Contested Logistics.[50][81] Planning[a][82] for the Army of 2040 is underway.[59]
McCarthy characterized a Cross-Functional Team (CFT) as a team of teams, led by a requirements leader, program manager, sustainer and tester.[83] Each CFT must strike a balance amid constraints—the realms of requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment—to produce a realizable concept before a competitor achieves it.[84] The Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC) itself serves as a kind of CFT,[a] operating at a higher level[85][86][87][88][89][90] as response to Congressional oversight, budgeting, funding, policy, and authorization for action.[66][67][91][92][93][94][95]
CFTs for materiel and capabilities were first structured in a task force.[84][96] Each CFT addresses a capability gap, which the Army must now match for its future: there can be a Capability Development Integration Directorate (CDID), for each CFT.[Note 1] The Aviation Center of Excellence at Fort Rucker, in coordination with the Aviation Program Executive Officer (PEO), also contains the Vertical Lift CFT and the Aviation CDID. Modernization reform is the priority for AFC, in order to achieve readiness for the future.
The CFTs will be involved in all three of AFC's elements: Futures and concepts, Combat development, and Combat systems.[97] "We were never above probably a total of eight people" —BG Wally Rugen, Aviation CFT.[98] Four of the eight CFT leads have now shifted from dual-hat jobs to full-time status. Each CFT lead is mentored by a 4-star general.[98]
AFC and the CFTs are expected to unify control of the Army' s $30 billion modernization budget.[99][30]
Murray embedded U.S. military allies into some of the CFTs.[100][30]
Joint collaboration on modernization
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Multi_Domain_Operations%2Cspace.png/310px-Multi_Domain_Operations%2Cspace.png)
The Secretaries of the Army, Air Force, and Navy meet regularly to take advantage of overlap in their programs:[107][108][82]
- Multi-Domain Operations (MDO); Joint warfighting concept (JADC2)
- Multi-Domain Operations (MDO):[f][j][21][109][110][111] Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations.[10][112][113][114][115] Multi-domain battalions,[k] first stood up in 2019,[116][117][118] comprise a single unit[119][120] for air, land,[121] space,[122][123][124][125]—and cyber[126][127] domains.[128][107][127] A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,[129][130] possibly denoted a strategic fires battalion[131][132][133] (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed),[k] depending on the theater. In 2019, as part of a series of globally integrated exercises, these capabilities were analyzed.[20][134][135] Using massive simulation[110][136] the need for a §new kind of command and control (now denoted JADC2) to integrate this firepower was explored.[121][137]
- The ability to punch-through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.[22][23][138][139] For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satellite[140] capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley.[141] [c] Critical decisions to meet this goal will be decided by data from the results of the Army's ongoing tests of the prototypes under development.[138][142]
- For example, in Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF), the director of the LRPF CFT envisions one application as an anti-access/area denial (A2AD) probe; this spares resources from the other services;[143] by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to defeat in detail. But LRPF is only one part of the strategy of overmatch by a Combatant commander.
- In August–September 2020. at Yuma Proving Ground, the US Army engaged in a five-week exercise to rapidly merge capabilities in multiple-domains. The exercise prototyped a ground tactical Network, pushing it to its limits of robustness[144] (as of 2020, 36 miles on the ground, and demonstrated 1500-mile capability above the ground, with kill chains measured in seconds) in the effort to penetrate anti-access/area denial (A2AD) with long-range fires. Longer-range fires are under development, ranging from hundreds of miles to over 1000 miles, with yearly iterations of Project Convergence being planned.[145]
- MDO (multi-domain operations) and JADC2 (joint all-domain command and control) thus entails: [c]
- Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters
- Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long range fires
- Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.[146]
- 40th Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville discussed the combination of MDO[j] and JADC2 with 22nd Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown.[144] In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2).[147][82]
- MDO (multi-domain operations) and JADC2 (joint all-domain command and control) thus entails: [c]
- In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.[151] This would coordinate,[152] and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army's Project Convergence, the Navy's Project Overmatch and the Air Force's Advanced Battle Management System.[151][153][154][155] See CDAO
- In July 2022 Army Test and Evaluation Command called for more digital twinning and modeling and simulation,[156] as end-to-end tests become more comprehensive, expensive, and larger-scale;[151] as the scale of an exercise increases, a Synthetic Training Environment (STE) can be used to cut costs.[157]
Partners
AFC has given research funding to more than 300 colleges and universities[30] with one-year program cycles.[158] "We will come to you. You don't have to come to us," Murray said on 24 August 2018"[31]: minute 6:07 ,[159]
Multiple incubator tech hubs are available in Austin,[160] especially Capital Factory, with offices of Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and AFWERX (USAF tech hub).[161]
- AI
- § Robotic combat vehicles (RCVs) have an updated guideline —DoDD 3000.09 (2023).[162]
- Disinformation at scale appears to be AI-generated, in 2021.[163][164][d]
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Modernization[165][166]—The 23rd Secretary of the Army directed the establishment of an Army AI Task Force (A-AI TF) to support the DoD Joint AI center. The execution order will be drafted and staffed by Futures Command:[16][167]
- The Army Applications Laboratory[Note 2] was established in 2018, along with the stand-up of the Army Futures Command, to act as a concierge service across the Army's Future Force Modernization Enterprise and the broader commercial marketplace of ideas.
- Army AI task force[168][169] (its relationship with the CFTs is cross-cutting, in the same sense as the Assured Position, Navigation, Timing (A-PNT) CFT and the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) CFT are also cross-cutting) will use the resources of the Army to establish scalable machine learning projects at Carnegie Mellon University
- the Army CIO/G-6 will create an Identity, Credential, and Access Management system to efficiently issue and verify credentials to non-person entities (AI agents and machines)[170]
- DCS G-2 will coordinate with CG AFC, and director of A-AI TF, to provide intelligence for Long-Range Precision Fires
- CG AMC will provide functional expertise and systems for maintenance of materiel with AI
- AFC and A-AI TF will establish an AI test bed for experimentation, training, deployment, and testing of machine learning capabilities and workflows.[171][172] Funding will be assured for the Fiscal Year 2019.[107][173]
- A Global Network to counter cyber attacks, much like Five Eyes, is the recommendation for multi-domain operations (MDO), which is unified to present a synoptic view of any cyber operation to all the combatant commands simultaneously.[174][127][175][135] 'Decision dominance' is a tenet of the 'Joint warfighting concept'.[176][20][177]
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) AlphaDogfight: Trials of eight AI teams, which began learning how to fly in September 2019. In August 2020 the eight AI agents faced each other, in a series of simulated fights. The simulations included the g-forces which limit a human (accelerations greater than 9 g's will cause most forward-facing human pilots to black out— AI agents are not subject to these human constraints). The champion AI agent eventually met a human General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter pilot in simulated combat on 20 August 2020.[178] On 20 August 2020, the champion AI agent consistently defeated a human F-16 pilot in a series of dogfights.[179]
- DoD's Joint AI Center (JAIC) is providing a Joint Common Foundation, a cloud-based AI toolkit for any DoD organization (viz., Futures Command) to use.[180] JAIC is seeking to curate the flood of data at DoD[181][66] to allow systematic, reliable datasets which are usable for machine learning.[182]
- Adaptive Distributed Allocation of Probabilistic Tasks (ADAPT) is a DARPA model for testing AI-to-human communication in a toy environment.[183]
- A Global Network to counter cyber attacks, much like Five Eyes, is the recommendation for multi-domain operations (MDO), which is unified to present a synoptic view of any cyber operation to all the combatant commands simultaneously.[174][127][175][135] 'Decision dominance' is a tenet of the 'Joint warfighting concept'.[176][20][177]
- In 2021 DoD is requesting 600 separate AI efforts for FY2022 ($874 million) as opposed to 400 AI efforts for FY2021.[184] The Army is using machine learning to extract targeting data from satellite sensors for its JADC2 effort.[184][185]
- In 2022 DEVCOM Analysis Center (DAC) signed a cooperative agreement with Northeastern University's Kostas Research Institute (KRI) to build on KRI's analytic framework, with six other universities on artificial intelligence and assistive automation (AI/AA), to further Army sub-goals ("mission effectiveness analysis, ontology for decision making, automatic target recognition, human systems integration, cyber resilience/electronic warfare threat defense, and assessing autonomous maneuver/mobility").[186]
- By 2023 the Department of Defense was seeking a Technical Baseline which remains vendor-free, in order to exploit the Large language model (LLM) of AI.[187][188]
- Software
Futures Command will stand up Army Software Factory in August 2021, to immerse Soldiers and Army civilians of all ranks in modern software development, in Austin.[189][190][191][192][193] Similar in spirit to the Training with industry program, participants are expected to take these practices back with them, to influence other Army people in their future assignments, and to build up the Army's capability in software development. The training program lasts three years, and will produce skill sets for trainees as product managers, user experience and user interface designers, software engineers, or platform engineers.[189] The Al Work Force Development program and this Software Factory will complement the Artificial Intelligence Task Force.[190][194]
- Tapping in to its personnel system, the Army has identified soldiers who can already code at Ph.D.-level, but who are in unexpected MOSs.[195] A Senate bill to formalize and recognize skills such as "computer programming skills, which include technical and nontechnical skills related to artificial intelligence and coding" was introduced in March 2023.[196]
- In March 2023 the Marine Corps co-located its software factory with the Army software factory in Austin, Texas.[197]
AFC is seeking to design signature systems in a relevant time frame according to priorities[Note 1] of the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA).[97] AFC will partner with other organizations such as Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx) as needed.[198][199] If a team from industry presents a viable program idea to a CFT, that CFT connects to the Army's requirements developers, Secretary Esper said, and the program prototype is then put on a fast track.[71] The Secretary of the Army has approved an Intellectual Property Management Policy, to protect both the Army and the entrepreneur or innovator.[200][201]
- Data
For example, the Network CFT and the Program Executive Office Command, Control, Communications—Tactical (PEO C3T) hosted a forum on 1 August 2018 for vendors to learn what might function as a testable/deployable[202] in the near future.[203][126][204] A few of the hundreds of white papers from the vendors, adjudged to be 'very mature ideas', were passed to the Army's acquisition community, while many others were passed to United States Army Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) for continuation in the Army's effort to modernize the network for combat.[205] Although some test requirements were inappropriately applied, the Command post computing environment (CPCE) has passed a hurdle.[206][207][208]
While seeking information, the Army is especially interested in ideas that accelerate an acquisition program —in for example the Future Vertical Lift Requests for Information (RFIs): "provide a detailed description of tailored, alternative or innovative approaches that streamlines the acquisition process to accelerate the program as much as possible" (4 April 2019);[209] in January 2020 the current Optionally manned fighting vehicle (OMFV) solicitation was cancelled when the OMFV's requirements added up to an unobtainable project;[210] in February 2020 Futures command was soliciting the industry for do-able ideas for an OMFV,[210] whereas in August 2022 Army Network modernization was the target for being speeded-up.[211]
- Search for capabilities
In the Army's search for capabilities, 6th ASA(ALT) Bruce Jette initiated xTechsearch to reward private innovators.[212] The program is ongoing.[l]
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the Army to run an xTechsearch Ventilator Challenge; entrants can submit their ideas online for immediate consideration and a possible cash prize to encourage participation for a $100,000 prize and possible Army contract.[214] In 1964 Henrik H. Straub of Harry Diamond Labs, a predecessor to CCDC Army Research Laboratory, invented the Army Emergency Respirator (now termed a 'ventilator' in current terminology).[215] This ventilator is one application of the fluidic amplifier (a 1957 Harry Diamond Labs invention), which allows the labored breathing of the patient to control the flow from an externally purified air stream, to augment the air flow into a patient's lungs.[215]
TRX Systems won an xTechsearch award for technology which allows navigation in a GPS-denied environment, an A-PNT priority. The award was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which allowed the company more time for business development.[216]
- Air-launched effects (ALEs)
Air-launched effects (ALEs) are drones which are launched from the Army's helicopters.[217] In swarms, ALEs promise to multiply the combat effectiveness of the Army's helicopters;[217] single ground-launched drones have already been used in combat during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. ALEs have been used as munitions, as in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts.[218][219] From 1 May to 18 May 2023 at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) the Aviation CFT made progress in its effort to share data with its partners; the event concentrated on the data-sharing necessary to support JADC2 at the scale needed to support the distances encountered in the Indo-Pacom theater; this extends the reach of the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA).[220]
- Robotic combat vehicles (RCVs)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RoboticCombatVehicle-light.jpg/150px-RoboticCombatVehicle-light.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ProjectOriginRcv.webp/150px-ProjectOriginRcv.webp.png)
In 2021 candidate Robotic combat vehicles (RCVs), both medium and light RCVs, along with surrogate heavy RCVs (modified M-113s) and proxy manned control vehicles (MET-Ds) were to marshal at Camp Grayling MI to test a company-sized tele-operated / unmanned formation.[224] The light RCVs had their autonomous driving software installed in November and December 2020.[224] The robotic vehicle formation begins a shakeout in April 2021. The RCVs (and the software, which is common to all 18 vehicles) enters ATEC (Army Test and Evaluation Command) safety testing through May 2022.[224] Live-fire drills are scheduled to conclude in August 2022.[224][138] By October 2021 experiments with RCVs, in concert with drones for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), were underway.[225][223][219]
By June 2022 Army RCVs had demonstrated some of their disruptive capabilities,[221] in preparation for Project Convergence 2022. Autonomous capabilities, for example in resupply by unmanned helicopters, by the US, Australia, and UK were demonstrated at PC22.[226]: min 25:30 [227][228][229]
In May 2023 Army Futures Command disclosed concepts for Robotic combat platoons,[230] akin to the Collaborative combat aircraft of the Air Force. These robotics concepts integrate the ethics policies[231][232] of the Defense Department as part of mission command.[233] See §Internet of Military Things
AFC events
By 13 October 2021 the 40th Chief of Staff of the Army could announce that the majority of the Army's Futures Command's 31 signature systems,[234] and the four rapid capability projects of the § Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office would be fielded by fiscal year 2023 (FY2023)[235][g][h]
By 2022, Futures Command was conducting the third annual iteration of Project Convergence (PC22), experiments and joint tests of 300 technologies by the Department of Defense and its allies and partners.[155][250][251] The next Project Convergence is likely to be PC24 at the earliest.[252][253] In addition the RCCTO's § LRHW[236] will not deploy by 1 October 2023.
Acquisition
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Acquisition_Process.jpg/400px-Acquisition_Process.jpg)
Futures Command partners with the ASA(ALT),[254][78] who, in the role of the Army Acquisition Executive (AAE),[255] has milestone decision authority (MDA)[69][256] at multiple points in a Materiel development decision (MDD).[257] Thus, from the perspective of AFC, which seeks to modernize, they consolidate the relevant expertise into the relevant CFT. The CFT balances the constraints needed to realize a prototype, beginning with realizable requirements, science and technology, test, etc. before entering the acquisition process (typically the Army prototypes on its own and, as of 2019, initiates acquisition at Milestone B in order to have the Acquisition Executive, with the concurrence of the Army Chief of Staff, decide on production as a Program of Record at Milestone C).[258] Next, refine the prototype to address the factors needed to pass the Milestone decisions A, B, and C which require Milestone decision authority (MDA) in an acquisition process.[258] This consolidation of expertise thus reduces the risks in a Materiel development decision (MDD), for the Army to admit a prototype into a program of record.) The existing processes (as of April 2018) for a Materiel development decision (MDD) have been updated to clarify their place in the Life Cycle of a program of record:[255][257][66] over 1200 programs/projects were reviewed;[259] by October 2019, over 600 programs of record have been moved from the acquisition (development for modernization) phase to the sustainment phase (for mature projects, to continue their manufacture and fielding to the brigades).[259] An additional life cycle management action is underway, to re-examine which of these projects/programs should be divested.[259] (Surplus materiel might well go to the Security Assistance Command, perhaps to Foreign Military Sales.)
The emphasis remains with Futures Command, which selects programs to develop.[259] In order to achieve its mission of achieving overmatch,[260][109][65] each Futures Command CFT partners with the acquisition community.[261] This community (the Army acquisition workforce (AAW)) includes an entire Army branch (the Acquisition Corps),[262][263][264][265][266] U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC), Army Contracting Command, .[257] The Principal Military Deputy to the ASA(ALT) is also deputy commanding general for Combat Systems, Army Futures Command,[255] and leads the Program Executive Officers (PEO); he has directed each PEO who does not have a CFT to coordinate with, to immediately form one, at least informally.[267]
The current acquisition system has pieces all throughout the Army. ... There's chunks of it in TRADOC and chunks of it in AMC and then other pieces. So really all we're trying to do is get them all lined up under a single command…..from concept, S&T, RDT&E, through the requirements process, through the beginnings of the acquisition system—Milestone A, B, and C....aligned under that same commander. ... We will finally achieve… unity of command —Secretary Esper.[64]
The PEOs work closely with their respective CFTs.[261] The list of CFTs and PEOs below is incomplete.[Note 1] Operationally, the CFTs offer "de-layering" (fewer degrees of separation between the echelons of the Army—Rugen estimates two degrees of separation),[98] and provide a point of contact (POC) for Army reformers[65] interested in adding value in the midst of constraints to be balanced while modernizing.[98] "... and if we're really good, we'll continue to adapt. Year over year over year." —Secretary Esper[31]: minute 19:00 [268] (See Value stream.)
Prototyping and experimentation
"Our new approach is really to prototype as much as we can to help us identify requirements, so our reach doesn't exceed our grasp. ... A good example is Future Vertical Lift: The prototyping has been exceptional." —Secretary of the Army Mark Esper.[269][h] The development process will be cyclic,[270] consisting of prototype, demonstration/testing, and evaluation,[71] in an iterative process designed to unearth unrealistic requirements early, before prematurely including that requirement in a program of record.[30][256]
AFC activities include at least one Cross-functional team, its Capability development integration directorate (CDID),[271]: Para. 2b and the associated Battle Lab,[271]: Para. 2b for each (Army Center of Excellence (CoE)) respectively. Each CDID and associated Battle Lab work with their CFT[76] to develop operational experiments and prototypes to test.
ASA(ALT), in coordination with AFC, has dotted-line relationships between its PEOs and the CFTs. In particular, the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office of ASA(ALT) has a PEO who is charged with developing experimental prototype 'units of action' for rapid fielding to the Soldiers. The prototypes are currently for Long range hypersonic weapons, High energy laser defense, and Space, as of June 2019,[272][273][274] Speed and range are the Army capabilities which are being augmented,[275][276][132][277] with spending on these capabilities tripling between 2017 and 2019.[278]
Tests are run by JMC and White Sands Missile Range, which hosts ATEC.[279] As United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) reports directly to the Army Chief of Staff,[8] the test support level from ATEC[280] is to be specified by the CFT,[76] or PEO.[281] Fort Bliss and WSMR together cover 3.06 million acres, large enough to test every non-nuclear weapon system in the Army inventory.[282]: minute 1:26:00 JMC runs live developmental experiments to test and assess MDO concepts or capabilities that support the Army's six modernization priorities which are then analyzed by The Research and Analysis Center, denoted TRAC based out of Fort Leavenworth,[76] or AMSAA, denoted the Data Analysis Center at APG. CCDC, now called DEVCOM (formerly RDECOM, at APG) includes the several Army research laboratory locations (ARLs),[283] as well as research, development and engineering centers (RDECs) listed:[271][76][268]
In internal partnerships, CCDC, now called DEVCOM (formerly RDECOM) has taken Long range precision fires (LRPF) as its focus in aligning its organizations (the six research, development and engineering centers (RDECs), and the Army Research Laboratory (ARL)); as of September 2018, RDECOM's 'concept of operation' is first to support the LRPF CFT,[284] with ARDEC. AMRDEC is looking to improve the energetics and efficiency of projectiles. TARDEC Ground Vehicle Center is working on high-voltage components for Extended range cannon artillery (ERCA) that save on size and weight.[284] Two dedicated RDECOM people support the LRPF CFT, with reachback support from two dozen more at RDECOM.[285] In January 2019 RDECOM was reflagged as CCDC; General Mike Murray noted that CCDC will have to support more Soldier feedback, and that prototyping and testing will have to begin before a project ever becomes a program of record.[286][268]
Although the Army Research Laboratory has not changed its name, Secretary Esper notes that the CCDC objectives supersede the activities of the Laboratory;[76][66][67] the Laboratory remains in its support role for the top-six priorities for modernizing combat capabilities.[Note 1]
Acquisition specialists are being encouraged to accept lateral transfers to the several research, development and engineering centers (RDECs), where their skills are needed: Ground vehicle systems center (formerly TARDEC, at Detroit Arsenal. Michigan), Aviation and missile center (formerly AMRDEC, at Redstone Arsenal), C5ISR center (formerly CERDEC, at Aberdeen Proving Ground), Soldier center (formerly NSRDEC, Natick, MA), and Armaments center (formerly ARDEC, at Picatinny Arsenal) listed below.[287]
AFC branch locations
![]() | This section may contain an excessive number of citations. (December 2021) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SHARPtestingAvatar.jpg/310px-SHARPtestingAvatar.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US_Army_electroencephalogram.jpg/220px-US_Army_electroencephalogram.jpg)
The following activities for Futures Command are at 23 locations.[292] (A US Army center of excellence (CoE), or TRADOC Center of Excellence, can be co-located near a CFT, along with the associated Capability Development Integration Directorate (CDID) and "Battle Lab") The interrelation between AFC and TRADOC can be seen by the role of a TRADOC Capability manager, who is responsible for DOTMLPF, and reports to the TRADOC commander.[m]
- AFC HQ, Austin TX[30][293][31][109][294]
- AFSG Army Future Studies Group,[66][67] 2530 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202
- Futures and Concepts Center of AFC,[295] formerly ARCIC Fort Eustis VA
- JMC Joint Modernization Command,[161] Fort Bliss, which is contiguous to WSMR
- White Sands Missile Range NM,[279] also houses ARL,[296] TRAC,[297] and Army Test and Evaluation Command.[282]: minute 1:19:00
- FT LVN Operations research: Mission Command Battle Lab,[298][299][300][301][110] Capability development integration directorate (CDID),[302] The Research Analysis Center (TRAC), formerly TRADOC Analysis Center,[297][303] Fort Leavenworth KS
- CCOE Cyber CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab),[309] Fort Gordon GA
- CFT: Mobile and Expeditionary Network[202]
- MCOE Maneuver CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab),[310] Fort Benning GA
- CFT: Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV)[311]
- CFT: Soldier Lethality
- AVNCOE Aviation CoE - (its CDID),[312][139] at Fort Rucker
- CFT: Future Vertical Lift (FVL)
- FCOE Fires CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab),[313][314][315][316][317] Doctrine updates to support strategic fires[318][319] Fort Sill OK
- ICOE Intelligence CoE - (its CDID),[320] Fort Huachuca AZ
- MSCOE Maneuver Support CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab),[321] Fort Leonard Wood MO
- SCOE Sustainment CoE - (its CDID),[322] Fort Lee VA
- APG[323][324] Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen MD, also houses Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC, now called DEVCOM),[325] formerly RDECOM, Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), and C5ISR center[326][327][328] (the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center was formerly CERDEC)
- CCDC Armaments Center (formerly Armament research, development and engineering center—ARDEC), Picatinny Arsenal, PEO AMMO, and the Cross Functional Team for Long Range Precision Fires
- CFT: Long Range Precision Fires
- CCDC Ground Vehicle Systems Center (formerly Tank Automotive research, development and engineering center—TARDEC), Detroit Arsenal (Warren, Michigan)
- CFT: Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV)
- Army Aviation and Missile Center (formerly Aviation and Missile research, development and engineering center—AMRDEC), Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville AL[332]
- CFT: Air and Missile Defense
- CCDC Soldier Center[333] (formerly Natick Soldier research, development and engineering center—NSRDEC), General Greene Ave, Natick, MA
- Army Research Laboratory (ARL),[334][335][336][291] Adelphi MD
- ARL-Orlando Army Research Laboratory,[306][307][70]: p.27 [i] Orlando FL
- ARL West, Playa Vista[337] CA
- ARL-RTP Army Research Laboratory, Raleigh-Durham NC
- AI task force at Carnegie-Mellon University[165][76]
Need for modernization reform
Between 1995 and 2009, $32 billion was expended on programs such as the Future Combat System[338] (2003-2009), with no harvestable content by the time of its cancellation.[339] As of 2021, the Army had not fielded a new combat system in decades.[340][114][341][342][36][256]
23rd Secretary of the Army Mark Esper has remarked that AFC will provide the unity of command and purpose needed to reduce the requirements definition phase from 60 months to 12 months.[343][9][75] A simple statement of a problem (rather than a full-blown requirements definition) that the Army is trying to address may suffice for a surprising, usable solution. —General Mike Murray, paraphrasing Trae Stephens[344]: minute 41:50 [345] (One task will be to quantify the lead time for identifying a requirement; the next task would then be to learn how to reduce that lead time.—Gap analysis )[31]: minute 11:00 [346][347][268] Process changes are expected.[346][66] The development process will be cyclic, consisting of prototype, demonstration/testing, and evaluation, in an iterative process designed to unearth unrealistic requirements early, before prematurely including that requirement in a program of record. The 6th ASA(ALT) Bruce Jette[261] has cautioned the acquisition community to 'call-out' unrealistic processes which commit a program to a drawn-out failure,[348] rather than failing early, and seeking another solution.[349]
Esper scrubbed through 800[350] modernization programs to reprioritize funding[351] for the top six modernization priorities,[99] which will consume 80% of the modernization funding,[352] of 18 systems.[352] The "night court" budget review process realigned $2.4 billion for modernization away from programs which were not tied to modernization or to the 2018 National Defense Strategy.[353]
Realistically, budget considerations will restrict the fielding of new materiel to one Armor BCT per year;[354] at that rate, updates would take decades.[354][355]
The CIO/G6 has targeted Futures Command (Austin) in 2019 as the first pilot for "enterprise IT-as-a-service"-style service contracts; In July 2019, Murray now (July 2019) has a sensitive compartmented information facility in his headquarters, as a result of this pilot.[29]
In February 2020, the Army vice chief of staff said Army modernization was perceptibly speeding up.[356]
This Life Cycle Management (formulated in 2004)[357][358] was intended to exert the kind of operational control (OPCON)[75] needed just for the sustainment function (AMC's need for Readiness today),[348] rather than for its relevance to modernization for the future, which is the focus of AFC. AFC now serves as the deciding authority when moving a project in its Life Cycle, out of the Acquisition phase and into the Sustainment phase.[259][256][a]
During to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Acquisition Executive and the AFC commander created a COVID-19 task force to try to project supplier problems 30, 60, and 90 days out. In 2020, they tracked 800 programs and 35 priorities.[359]
Relevance for modernization
The CFTs,[Note 1] must balance requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment.[84][83]
TRADOC's Mission Command CoE uses the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and education, Personnel and Facilities (DOTMLPF) method of mission planning.[75][360] DOTMLPF will be used for modernization of the Army beyond materiel alone, which (as of 2019) is the current focus of the CFTs.[361][301] The updated modernization strategy, to move from concept to doctrine as well, will be unveiled by summer 2019.[361] DOTMLPF (doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities) itself is planned as a driver for modernization.[9][361] The plan is to have an MDO-capable Army by 2028,[d] and an MDO-ready Army by 2035.[361][113]
In 2018, McConville said TRADOC, ASA (ALT), and AFC are tied together in this process.[362] The ASA(ALT) will coordinate the acquisition portion of modernization reform with AFC.[271]: Para. 1c [78][256] He also said AFC will have to be "a little bit disruptive [but not upsetting to the existing order]" in order to institute reforms within budget in a timely way.[363]
Congress has given the Army Other Transaction Authority (OTA),[364][Note 2] which allows the PEOs to enter into Full Rate Production quicker by permitting the services to control their own programs of record, rather than DoD.[267] This strips out one layer of bureaucracy as of 2018.[267][365][137] MTA (middle tier acquisition authority) is another tool available to Program Managers and Contracting Officers.[366][367]
Besides the AFC CFTS, the Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC)[368][369][370] could also play a part in acquisition reform;[371][372] as of September 2018 the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 (DCS G-8), who leads AROC and JROC (Joint Requirements Oversight Council) has aligned with the priorities of AFC.[373] The DCS G-8 is principal military advisor to the ASA (FM&C).[255]
In addition, the Program Executive Officers (PEOs) of ASA (ALT) are to maintain a dotted-line relationship[Note 1] (i.e., coordination) with Futures Command.[261][64]
There is now a PEO for Rapid Capabilities (RCO) with two program managers, one for rapid prototyping, and one for rapid acquisition, of a capability.[374] Requirements are developed by the Cross-functional team (CFT).[375] In 2019 RCO became the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO)[376].
Progress toward MDO
Long Range Precision Fires
The AFC's Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT aims to "deliver cutting-edge surface-to-surface (SSM) fires systems that will significantly increase range and effects over currently fielded US and adversary systems."[377]
In 2018, its five major programs were:
- The Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA) program which develops a system capable of firing accurately at targets beyond 70 km as opposed to the M109A7's 30 km current range[n]
- The Precision Strike Mission (PrSM) which is a precision-strike guided SSM fired from the M270A1 MLRS and M142 HIMARS doubling the present rate-of-fire with two missiles per launch pod[o]
- The Strategic Long-Range Cannon (SLRC) program, which would have developed a system that could have fired a hypersonic projectile up to 1,000 miles against air defense, artillery, missile systems, and command and control targets[131] was terminated 23 May 2022.[379]
- The Common-Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) is a collaborative program between the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Missile Defense Agency (MDA) which is planned to become the base of the Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) program[380][381][382]
- A ground-launchable UGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missile, as well as the SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM) to fill the gap in the Army's mid-range missile capabilities[383][384] has been delivered to RCCTO.[385]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DarkEagle2021.jpg/310px-DarkEagle2021.jpg)
The kill chains will take less than 1 minute, from detection of the target, to execution of the fires command;[386] these operations will have the capability to precisely strike "command centers, air defenses, missile batteries, and logistics centers" nearly simultaneously.[387][p][389][390]
- The speed of battle damage assessment will depend on the travel time of the munition. This capability depends on the ability of a specialized CFT, Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) to provide detail.[102][103][104][391]
- Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF): Howitzer artillery ranges have doubled, in excess of 60 km (37 mi) , with accuracy within 1 meter of the aimpoint,[392] currently with sufficient accuracy to intercept cruise missiles, as of September 2020, reaching the 43 mile range as of December 2020.[393]
- Precision Strike Missiles (PrSMs) can reach in excess of 150 miles,[394] with current 2020 tests[o]
- Mid-range capability (MRC) fires can reach in excess of 500 to 1000 miles,[383] using mature Navy missiles[397][398][237][79]
- Long-Range Hypersonic Weapons (LRHWs) are to have a range greater than 1725 miles.[399][380]
The current M109A6 "Paladin" howitzer range is doubled in the M109A7 variant.[400]: minute 3:07 [401] An operational test of components of the Long range cannon was scheduled for 2020.[402] The LRC is complementary to Extended range cannon artillery (ERCA),[402][403] the M1299 Extended Range Cannon Artillery howitzer.[404] Baseline ERCA is to enter service in 2023.[405][392][406] Investigations for ERCA in 2025: rocket-boosted artillery shells:[284] Tests of the Multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) XM30 rocket shell have demonstrated a near-doubling of the range of the munition, using the Tail controlled guided multiple launch rocket system, or TC-G.[407] The TRADOC capability manager (TCM) Field Artillery Brigade - DIVARTY has been named a command position.[m]
- An autoloader for ERCA's 95-pound shells is under development at Picatinny Arsenal,[404] to support a sustained firing rate of 10 rounds a minute [392][408] A robotic vehicle for carrying the shells is a separate effort at Futures Command's Army Applications Lab.[404][409]
- The Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) is intended to replace the Army Tactical Missile System (MGM-140 ATACMS) in 2023.[284] PrSM flight testing is delayed beyond 2 August 2019, the anticipated date for the expiration of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which set 499 kilometer limits on intermediate-range missiles.[410] (David Sanger and Edward Wong projected that the earliest test of a longer range missile could be a ground-launched version of a Tomahawk cruise missile,[411] followed by a test of a mobile ground launched IRBM with a range of 1800–2500 miles before year-end 2019.[411][412]) The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)[413] was approved on 9 December 2019, which allowed the Pentagon to continue testing such missiles in FY2020.[414] The Lockheed PrSM prototype had its first launch on 10 December 2019 at White Sands Missile Range, in a 150-mile test, and an overhead detonation; the Raytheon PrSM prototype was delayed from its planned November launch,[394] and Raytheon has now withdrawn from the PrSM risk reduction phase.[415] The PrSM's range and accuracy, the interfaces to HIMARS launcher, and test software, met expectations.[394][416] PrSM passed Milestone B on 1 October 2021.[417] Baseline PrSM is to enter service in 2023;[418] an upgraded version of PrSM, with multi-mode seekers will then be sought.[419] The Army needs PrSM Increment 2 for INDOPACOM.[420][405][o]
- For targets beyond the PrSM's range, the Army's RCCTO will seek a mid-range missile prototype by 2023, with a reach from 1000 to 2000 miles.[421][422][237][423] Loren Thompson points out that a spectrum of medium-range to long-range weapons will be available to the service by 2023;[424] RCCTO's prototype Mid-Range Capability (MRC) battery will field mature Navy missiles, likely for the Indo-Pacific theater in FY2023.[383][237] DARPA is developing OpFires, an intermediate-range hypersonic weapon which is shorter-range than the Army's LRHW. DARPA is seeking a role in the armory for OpFires' throttle-able rocket motor, post-2023.[425][426] DARPA announced in July 2022 it successfully tested its OpFires hypersonic weapon at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) for the first time.[427] The OpFires launch was from a Marine Corps logistics truck.[428] OpFires will "rapidly and precisely engage critical, time-sensitive targets while penetrating modern enemy air defenses", potentially to be launched from a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher.[427] These weapons will likely require planning for new Army (or Joint) formations.
- The Long range hypersonic weapons (LRHWs) will use precision targeting data against anti-access area denial (A2AD) radars and other critical infrastructure of near-peer competitors by 2023.[429][137] LRHW does depend on stable funding.[430][431][432][433][380]
- Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) 7.0 is the vehicle for a Multi-domain task force's artillery battery very similar to a THAAD battery: beginning in 2020, these batteries will train for a hypersonic glide vehicle which is common to the Joint forces.[129] The Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)[429] glide vehicle is to be launched from transporter erector launchers.[129][434][432] Tests of the Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB) to be used by the Army and Navy were meeting expectations in 2020.[130][380]
- In August 2020 the director of Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) CFT announced tests which integrate the entire fires kill chain, from initial detection to final destruction. William B. Nelson announced the flow of satellite data from the European theater (Germany), and AI processing of AFATDS targeting data to the fires units.[103][104][435]
- Three flight tests of LRHW were scheduled in 2021;[438] that plan was changed to one test in late 2021, followed by a multi-missile test in 2022.[405][439]
The LRHW has been named 'Dark Eagle'[440] The first LRHW battery will start to receive its first operational rounds in early FY2023; all eight rounds for this battery will have been delivered by FY2023.[441][380] By then, the PEO Missiles and Space will have picked up the LRHW program, for batteries two and three in FY'25 and FY'27, respectively.[441] Battery one will first train, and then participate in the LRHW flight test launches in FY'22 and FY'23.[441][c][442] In February 2023 5th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (5-3 LRFB) —1st MDTF's long-range fires battalion— deployed the LRHW to Cape Canaveral, a distance of 3100 miles.[443][382]
Mobile, Expeditionary Network
In Fiscal Year 2019, the network CFT will leverage Network Integration Evaluation 18.2[444] for experiments with brigade level scalability.[445] By 2022, 4 separate network Capability Sets were in-process, simultaneously ('21, '23, '25, and '27).[446]
Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"—PEO C3T.[447][448][449] Avoid overspecifying the requirements for Integrated Tactical Network[70][i][447][450][451][452][453][454][455] Information Systems Initial Capabilities Document. Instead, meet operational needs,[456][445][19] such as interoperability with other networks,[457][282]: minute 26:40 [455] and release ITN capabilities incrementally.[458][70][447]
- Up through 2028, every two years the Army will insert new capability sets for ITN (Capability sets '21, '23, '25, etc.).[459][460][70][447] and take feedback from Soldier-led experiment & evaluation.[461][462][463] However, the Army's commitment to a 'campaign of learning' showed more paths:[464][465]
- Firestorm was made possible by a mesh network—improvising an MEO, and then a GEO satellite link between JBLM to YPG.[466] There are plans to have a Project Convergence 2021.[145][467][468] The Army fielded a data fabric at Project Convergence 2020;[469] this will eventually be part of JADC2.[470][471][472][473]
- Five Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) awards were granted to five vendors via the Network CFT and PEO C3T's request for white papers. That request, for a roll-on/roll-off kit that integrates all functions of mission command on the Army Network, was posted at the National Spectrum Consortium and FedBizOpps, and yielded awards within eight months.[474][Note 2] Two more awards are forthcoming.
- The Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO)'s Emerging Technologies Office structured a competition to find superior AI/Machine Learning algorithms for electronic warfare, from a field of 150 contestants, over a three-month period.[475][Note 2]
- The Multi-Domain Operations Task Force (MDO TF) is standing up an experimental Electronic Warfare Platoon to prototype an estimated 1000 EW soldiers needed for the 31 BCTs of the active Army.[476][109]
- Capability Set '21 fields ITN to selected infantry brigades to prepare for IVAS Integrated vision goggles. Expeditionary signal brigades get enhanced satellite communications.
- 1/82nd Airborne, 173rd Airborne, 3/25th ID, and 3/82nd Airborne infantry brigades will all have fielded the Integrated Tactical Network Capability Set '21 by year-end 2021.[477][450] 2nd Cavalry Regiment is getting Capability Set '21 on Strykers,[478] which will test the CS'23 network design on Strykers early.[479]
- Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '23 is prototyping JADC2 communications and the data fabric, to LEO (Low earth orbit) and to MEO (Medium earth orbit) satellites, as continued in Project Convergence 2021 in Yuma Proving Ground.[469][480][478][481] Capability Set '23 has passed its Critical design review (CDR).[446][q]
- Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '25 will implement JADC2, according to the acting head of the Network CFT (9 June 2021).[483]
- By 2023 the brigade-centric capability sets CS'21 and CS'23 already support mobile headquarters operation (Infantry and Stryker BCTs). The Armored BCTs are heavily affected by the need to support Large scale combat operations;[484][485][486][487][488] these Heavy brigades are to operate as part of a Division-level, and Corps-level plan.[489]
- Command post footprint is to be reduced even at the division level, to keep headquarters survivable,[448][489] and the next network updates (the former CS'25) are for the echelons above brigade;[489][486] this new upgrade strategy will make the network more agile.[489]
- The former Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Sets for the '25 and '27 waypoints[459] are to be implemented with rapid updates that are independent of previous tests. The Army network will rely upon a single standardized foundation.[489]
- G-6 John Morrison is seeking to unify the battlefield networks of ITN, and IEN (Enterprise Network), as of September 2021.[490][491]
- An Army leader dashboard from PEO Enterprise Information Systems is underway.[492][493] The dashboard is renamed Vantage.[494] The dashboard has streamlined and connected data updates for deployments.[495] Cloud-service-provider agnostic abstraction layers are in use, which allows merging the staff work in G-3/5/7 for cyber/EW (electronic warfare), mission command, and space.[496] The "seamless, real-time flow of data" across multiple domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace) is an objective for G-6, as well as the sensor-to-shooter work at Futures command.[316][496][497][469]
- Fort Irwin, Fort Cavazos, Joint Base San Antonio, and Joint Base Lewis McChord have 5G experiments on wireless connectivity between forward operating bases and tactical operations centers, as well as nonaircraft Augmented reality support of maintenance and training.[498]
- The Multi-domain task forces (MDTFs)[79] will be used to expose any capability gaps in the Unified network plan.[499][490]
Air, Missile Defense
Air, Missile Defense (AMD):[500][501][502][15][503][504] In 2022 plans for FY2023 cruise missile defense were underway.[505] [506]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Army_ccdc_domes_of_protection_0.jpg/300px-Army_ccdc_domes_of_protection_0.jpg)
High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US_Army_HEL-TVD_%28laser%29.jpg/220px-US_Army_HEL-TVD_%28laser%29.jpg)
A contract for the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command's High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator (HEL TVD) laser system, a 100 kilowatt laser demonstrator for use on the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles, was awarded 15 May 2019 to Dynetics-Lockheed.[507][273] A 300 kilowatt laser demonstrator (HEL-IFPC) effort supersedes the HEL TVD (after the critical design review).[508][509][510][511] System test at White Sands Missile Range in 2023.[507]
[512][513][514][502][515][516][517][518]
- Maneuver short-range air defense (MSHORAD)[519][502][520] with laser cannon prototypes in 2020,[510] In July 2021 RCCTO conducted a combat shootoff on just how to control pointing these high-energy lasers.[521][522] Raytheon is providing the high energy laser (Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense system —DE M-SHORAD) for the Strykers in 2022.[244][523][524]
- RCCTO has awarded a contract to build a 300 kW high-energy laser (HEL) for the Army in FY2022, capable of defending against airborne threats, by acquiring, tracking, and maintaining the HEL's aimpoint on the threat until it goes down.[525]
Soldier lethality
- Soldier Lethality:[526][527][528][529]
- Next Generation Squad Weapon Program: Expect 100,000 to be fielded to the Close Combat Force:[530][r] Infantry, Armor, Cavalry, Special Forces, and Combat engineers. Tests at Fort Benning in 2019. —Chief of Staff Milley[532]
- Nine thousand systems, with two drones apiece are being purchased over a three-year period for the 9-man infantry squads heading to Afghanistan.[533]
- Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) —an augmented reality display— allows soldiers to use multiple sensors to fight.[451] IVAS was put on hold in March 2022, with Congress budgeting $349 million in favor of drones instead.[534] An initial IVAS buy was approved in September 2022 after a six month hold.[452] An improved IVAS is being sought after finding that some soldiers are being physically affected from wearing the goggles.[535]
- Enhanced night vision goggles (ENVG)-B, will be fielded to an Armor brigade combat team (ABCT) going to South Korea in October 2019[536][530][537]
- A CCDC program which instrumented a battalion with sleep monitors, Redibands, and smartwatches to detect exertion, detected soldiers with elevated heart rates, indicating the beginnings of a streptococcus infection. This condition was detected by the medics, and would have impacted the battalion, detected before deploying to Afghanistan.[538]
- Synthetic training environment (STE)—a CFT devoted to an augmented reality system[306][539] to aid planning, using mapping techniques, even at squad level[540][541][245] will begin fielding by 2021.[542][157][543] In October 2019 the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) prototype is being used by Special Operations for planning actual missions.[544][308] Development for the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is to be accelerated to meet MDO and JADC2 training demands.[545]
- On the battlefield of the future, where no headquarters is safe for long, the commander's task is:[546]: p.87
Enterprise campaign planning
In 2019 DoD planners are exercising Doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF) in planning, per the National Defense Strategy (NDS),[547] in the shift from counterinsurgency (COIN) to competition with near-peer powers.[547] The evaluations from planners' scenarios will be determining materiel and organization by late 2020.[547][113][548][549]
Futures Command is formulating multiyear Enterprise campaign plans, in 2019.[550][299] The planning process includes Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC), AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs), Futures and Concepts (FCC), Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC), and Army Reserve's Houston-based 75th Innovation Command. At this stage, one goal is to formulate the plans in simple, coherent language which nests within the national security strategic documents.[550][46][551][229][552][553] By October 2022 Field Manual 3-0 could state that The Army Operating Concept was that 'Multi-domain Operations are at the root of all Army operations',[554]: § 1-11, p.1-3 [555]: minute 28:09 to 36:00
Futures
Gen. Murray functions as the Army's chief futures modernization investment officer.[18][255]: Section 4 [Note 2][65]
In the top six priorities:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/XM1113_in_flight.jpg/220px-XM1113_in_flight.jpg)
- LRPF Long range precision fires[o][556][557]
- Hypersonic materiel development:[275] the Strategic long range cannon (SLRC), for a hypersonic projectile,[558][559] is meant to have a range up to 1,000 nautical miles.[560] An early ballistic test took place at Naval Support Facility Dahlgren, as announced at AUSA in October 2019.[560][131]
- Targeting with thousand-mile missiles,[277][276][317][116][117] "streamlining the sensor-shooter link at every echelon"—BG[563] John Rafferty,[276] in Integrated fire[564][565][566]
- NGCV Next generation combat vehicle[567][158]
- Much smaller and lighter ground combat vehicles, optionally unmanned[311] (Dedicated short-range communications for robotic vehicles[568]
Small Multipurpose Equipment Transport (S-MET) candidate robotic mules for transporting infantry squad equipment[569] - If robotic combat vehicles (RCVs) do not need to be manned, neither would they need to be armored (see Uran-9); use of sensors and batteries could replace the armor.[570][571] Soldiers have learned to remotely operate the weapons on such RCVs in several days;[570] the CCDC RCV Center and CFT are placing RCV prototypes and the Soldier's vehicle prototypes in company-level scenarios in Europe, in 2020 and forward.[570] Modified Bradley Fighting Vehicles and M113s at Fort Carson went through unit-level operations to gain experience with RCVs in July and August 2020.[572] Future breaching operations will be affected in detail by the robotic breaching concept, according to the panel at the AUSA October 2020 meeting.[573][574]
- Robotic warfare, as a concept or capability at the Joint Corps echelon, was demonstrated at the operational level using Joint Warfighting assessment (JWA) 18.1 in April 2018.
- JWA 19 (April–May 2019): I Corps, at Joint base Lewis-McChord, is getting modernization training on the robotic complex breaching concept (RCBC),[575] and the command post computing environment (CPCE)[576] from Joint modernization command (JMC) training staff.[577]
- Create decisive lethality:[578][579][138] Robotic experiments[580][581]
- Jen Judson reports that Lt. Gen. Eric Wesley is proposing that the brigades begin to electrify their vehicles using hybrid,[582] or all-electric propulsion.[583][584][s]
- Smaller brigades and stronger division-level maneuver, with robotic aerial reconnaissance vehicles, robotic combat vehicles (RCVs), and long-range precision fires (LRPFs) are under consideration.[592][222]
- Modified M2 Bradleys (MET-Ds) and other RCVs operating at Fort Carson, and in Europe have used robotic software to operate the vehicles, for both logistics and also for combat maneuver.[593] As of August 2020, the RCVs are able to perform limited waypoint navigation; multiple vehicles can be controlled by one human operator.[593]
- Much smaller and lighter ground combat vehicles, optionally unmanned[311] (Dedicated short-range communications for robotic vehicles[568]
- FVL[594] "Our new approach is really to prototype as much as we can to help us identify requirements, so our reach doesn't exceed our grasp. ... A good example is Future Vertical Lift: The prototyping has been exceptional." —Secretary of the Army Mark Esper[269]
- The Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) scout helicopter prototypes are to be designed to fly along urban streets, to survive air defenses.[595] Five design vendors were selected, with downselect to two for prototyping by February 2020.[595]
- These aircraft are envisioned as platforms for utilizing sensor networks to control and enable weapons delivery, as demonstrated in a 2019 experiment.[596][597] In preparation for FVL platforms, the FVL CFT demonstrated a 2020 Spike non-line of sight missile launch from an Apache gunship at Yuma Proving Ground, for extended range capability;[598] a forward air launch of an unmanned sensor aircraft (UAS) from a helicopter was demonstrated at YPG as well.[599]
- Mobile & Expeditionary Network[546] / MDO Multi-domain operations[20][354]
- In the battlefield of the future, where nowhere is safe for long, "you will miss opportunities to get to positions of advantage if you don't synthesize the data very quickly"—LTG Wesley (AI for multi-domain command and control: MDC2)[119][600][110] "Finding and engaging high-value relocatable ground systems within rapid timelines" is the Air Force's operational objective in this JADC2 exercise (December 2019) —Eliahu Norwood, Greg Grant, and Tyler Lewis.[601]
- Cybersecurity[605][606][607][608] RAND simulations show Blue losses[112]
- Cyber warfare[609] / urban warfare[113][610][611][612][613] / Underground warfare / Multi-domain combined maneuver[614][138][615] Robotic swarms are a tactic under consideration.[616][301][617][110]
- Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing (A-PNT)[102][618][619] Zephyr, a solar-powered drone successfully stayed aloft at Yuma Proving Ground for nearly 26 days, at times descending to 55,000 feet to avoid adverse weather conditions, while remaining well above the altitudes flown by commercial aircraft, and landing per plan in the summer of 2018, to meet other testing commitments.[620] A 2022 test of Zephyr S began on 15 June 2022; as of 22 July 2022 the drone was still flying at 70,000 feet in the stratosphere, and has broken its previous non-stop record.[621] However on 19 August, after 64 days, Zephyr S lost 20,000 feet of altitude, before suddenly plummeting at high speed in a presumed crash at YPG. Zephyr yielded over 1500 hours of stratospheric data during the mission. This surpasses Airbus' goal of 60 days of unmanned service, which included international flight from Arizona to Belize, and back.[622] Zephyr would have broken the world record for continuous flight, had it lasted just a few more hours.[623][624][625] In April 2021 a Vanilla UAS demonstrated 45 hour 23 minute unrefueled flight from Point Mugu to the Pacific Fleet's (PACFLT) UxS IBP 2021 exercise.[626][627]
- An A-PNT event was scheduled at WSMR for August 2019
- Prototype jam-resistant GPS kits are being fielded to 2nd Cavalry Regiment in US European Command (EUCOM) before year-end 2019.[270] More than 300 Strykers of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment are being fitted with the Mounted Assured Precision Navigation & Timing System (MAPS), with thousands more planned for EUCOM.[632]
- A Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) to Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) is under development.[633][128][204]
- Low Earth orbit satellites for Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing—"When you look at the sheer number of satellites that go up and the reduced cost to do it, it gives us an array of opportunities on how to solve the problems" in A-PNT[634]
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory (ARL) researchers have proposed and demonstrated a way for small ground-based robots with mounted antennas to configure phased arrays, a technique which usually takes a static laboratory to develop. Instead the researchers used robots to covertly create and focus a highly directional parasitic array (see Yagi antenna).[635]
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory (ARL): ARL's Army Research Office is funding researchers at University of Texas at Austin, and University of Lille who have built a new 5G component using hexagonal boron nitride which can switch at performant speeds, while remaining 50 times more energy-efficient than current materials—the "thinnest known insulator with a thickness of 0.33 nanometers".[636]
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory (ARL): ARL's Army Research Office (ARO) is seeking diamond colloids, microscopic spheres which can assemble bottom-up into promising structures for laser action.[637]
- Newly developed materials with nanoscale trusses could serve as armor or coatings.[638]
- A demonstration of proof of concept allows Soldiers to communicate their position using a wearable tracking unit. The technology allows soldiers (or robots) to prosecute a fight even indoors or underground, even if GPS were lost during a NavWar.[216]
- Air, Missile Defense[557][116][117][515] is being reframed, as more integrated.[639][640][641]
[117] $238 million also funds initial prototypes of the command and control system for fielding in FY22.[502]
- Hypersonic glide vehicle launch preparations,[137] beginning in 2020, and continuing with launches every six months.[129]
- At Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake an FVL CFT-sponsored demonstration of interconnected sensors handed-off the control of a glide munition which had been launched from a Grey Eagle unmanned aircraft system (UAS). During the flight of that munition, another group of sensors picked up a higher-priority target; another operator at the Tactical Operations Center (TOC) redirected the glide munition to the higher-priority target and destroyed it.[596][644][645] See: § Air-launched effects
- Indiscriminate use of thousands of offensive missiles against Ukraine "shows we should expect these weapons to become a common feature of 21st-century conflict" —unnamed DoD official, 27 October 2022.[646][647][648]
- Contested logistics are needed for Ukraine's Army, in a time span of months as of April 2022.[649][650][651] As a test of its assumptions on contested logistics, the 2023 exercises for IndoPacom will test its prepositioned stocks.[652] The CG of Army Materiel Command is taking the lead for contested logistics.[653]
- Soldier lethality
- Sensor-to-shooter prototype for multi-domain battle, 2019 operational assessment: Air Force RCO / Army RCO / Network CFT[134][135][136]
- Night vision goggles thermal polarimetric camera.[654] Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)[655][656][657][658][451][659][660][661][662] The Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is available to some of the troops outfitted with IVAS.[663] Christine Wormuth, 25th Secretary of the Army, has identified the Army's work on a Common operating picture (COP) as foundational for the operation of the Joint services.[664][665][666]
- CCDC ARL researchers are developing a flexible, waterproof, lithium-ion battery of any size and shape, for soldiers to wear; the electrolyte is water itself. In 2020 the batteries were engineering prototypes; by 2021 soldiers will wear the battery for themselves for the first time.[667]
- CCDC ARL and DoE's PNNL are examining the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) as it first forms during the initial charging of a Lithium-ion battery. They have found an inner SEI (thin, dense, and inorganic—most likely lithium oxide) between the copper electrode, and an outer SEI which is organic and permeable—a finding which will be useful when building future batteries.[668]
- CCDC ARL and MIT researchers are formulating atomically thin materials to be layered upon soldiers' equipment and clothing for MDO information display and processing.[669]
- Integrated, wearable cabling for capabilities such as IVAS, NGSW, or Nett Warrior are under development;[670] the potential exists to reduce 20 pounds of batteries to half that weight.[671]
- CCDC ARL is undertaking an Essential research program (ERP) in the processes underlying additive manufacturing (3D printing), which is applicable to munitions.[672]
- Natick Soldier RDEC has awarded an Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract to prototype soldier exoskeletons which augment human leg strength under harsh conditions.[673][674][675][676]
- DEVCOM Chem Bio Center (CBC) is developing sensors to detect possible hazardous contamination.[677]
- Plans for the Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) are underway.[678][679] An ISV is meant to be airdropped for a squad of nine paratroopers.[680] The GM design was selected; first unit is expected at 1/82nd AB division in February 2021.[681][682]
- Assured pointing, navigation and tracking (A-PNT) devices are being miniaturized, with increased redundant positioning sources. This aids wearability.[630][70]: pp220-3 [i]
- In September 2019 in the Maneuver CoE's Battle Lab at Fort Moore, OneSAF simulations[683] of a platoon augmented by UAS drones, ground robots, and AI were able to dislodge a defending force 3 times larger, repeatedly. But by current doctrine, a near-battalion would have been required to accomplish that mission.[683]
Organization
AFC's headquarters is based in Austin, Texas where it spreads across three locations totaling 75,000 ft2;[159] One location is a University of Texas System building at 210 W. Seventh St. in downtown Austin, on the 15th and 19th floors; the UT Regents were not going to charge rent to AFC until December 2019.[684][685]
The commanding general is assisted by three deputy commanders.
- The Futures and Concepts Center.[295] The first commander was AFC deputy commanding general Gen. Eric J. Wesley,[686][198][346][66][67], and it was led in 2021 by Lieutenant General Scott McKean.[546] The center operates along four lines of effort: science and technology[Note 3][687], experiments, concepts development[65][303][298], an requirements development.[24]
- Combat Development.[325][688][295] Helps AFC commander to assess and integrate the future operational environment, emerging threats, and technologies to develop and deliver concepts, requirements, and future force designs.
- The Capability development integration directorate (CDID) of each Center of Excellence (CoE), works with its CFT[Note 1] and its research, development and engineering center (RDEC) to develop operational experiments and prototypes to test.
- The Battle Labs and The Research Analysis Center (TRAC)[297][303] prototype and analyze the concepts to test.
- JMC provides live developmental experiments to test those concepts or capabilities, "scalable from company level to corps, amid tough, realistic multi-domain operations".[161][10][118]
- Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC, or DEVCOM), the former RDECOM, part of the Combat Development element. Stood up on 3 February 2019.[325][76][286][689][66][67]
- Acquisition and Systems (founded as Combat Systems in 2018).[t][a]
- Gen. Robert Abrams has tasked III Corps with providing Soldier feedback for the Next Generation Combat Vehicles CFT, XVIII Corps for the Soldier feedback on the Soldier lethality CFT, the Network CFT, as well as the Synthetic training CFT, and I Corps for the Long Range Precision Fires CFT.[694]
- Combat Systems refines, engineers, and produces the developed solutions from Combat Development.[695][696]
List of commanding generals
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/2022_U.S._Army_Futures_Command_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_%285%29.jpg/220px-2022_U.S._Army_Futures_Command_Change_of_Command_Ceremony_%285%29.jpg)
Lieutenant General John M. Murray became Army Futures Command's first commanding general upon its activation on 24 August 2018.[159][697][698][699][91][92][693][93][94][95] Lieutenant General James E. Rainey (promoted to general on 7 October 2022)[700] became AFC's second commanding general on 4 October 2022.[a]
No. | Portrait | Name and rank | Took office | Left office | Term length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | General John M. Murray | 24 August 2018 | 3 December 2021 | 3 years, 101 days | |
- | Lieutenant General James M. Richardson Acting | 3 December 2021 | 4 October 2022 | 305 days | |
2 | General James E. Rainey | 4 October 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 333 days |
See also
- Military acquisition § In the United States
- Military budget of the United States
- Command systems in the United States Army
- Air and Missile Defense
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center § Soldier Lethality
- Manhattan Project
- Space Warfighting Analysis Center
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j The CG,AFC is responsible for Force design (in the style of TRADOC's G357,[701] but applied to Force modernization, rather than training).[85] The Army's Force management model begins with a projection of the Future operating environment, in terms of resources: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and the time available to bring the Current army to bear on the situation.[702] The AROC serves as a discussion forum of these factors.[85]
- The Army G-8 and G-3/5/7 sit on the Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC), chaired by the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA).[703]: diagram on p.559 [85][702]
- The relevant strategy is provided by the Army's leadership to guide Army staff.[703]
- The resources are "dictated by Congress".[702]
- A DOTMLPF analysis models the factors necessary to change the Current force into a relevant Future force.
- A JCIDS/ACIDS[704] process identifies the gaps in capability between Current and Future force.
- A Force design to meet the materiel gaps is underway.
- An organization with the desired capabilities (manpower, materiel, training) is brought to bear on each gap.
- AR 5-22(pdf) lists the Force modernization proponent for each Army branch, which can be a CoE or Branch proponent leader.
- Staff uses Synchronization meetings[705]: minute 8:29 before seeking approval —HTAR Force Management 3-2b: "Managing change in any large, complex organization requires the synchronization of many interrelated processes".[703]: p.3-1
- A budget request is submitted to Congress.
- Approved requests then await resource deliveries which then become available to the combatant commanders.
- ^
In standoff,[22] adversaries attempt to project protected areas against each other.[23] Within these protected areas, friends are deemed safe, but foes who attempt penetration are endangered by the capabilities of the allies arrayed against them. Outside these protected areas, adversaries compete for control, by projecting their power. - ^ a b c d e f g h Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018).
Multi-domain operations (MDO) span multiple domains: cislunar space, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations. - In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
- Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
- Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
- Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
- Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
- Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)
- ^ a b c d As informed by lessons learned in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- ^ a b c Colin Clark (18 Feb 2020) Gen. Hyten On The New American Way of War: All-Domain Operations (ADO)
- "A computer-coordinated fight": in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
- "forces from satellites to foot soldiers to submarines sharing battle data at machine-to-machine speed"
- "it's the ability to integrate and effectively command and control all domains in a conflict or in a crisis seamlessly"—Gen. Hyten, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
- All-Domain Operations (ADO) use global capabilities: "space, cyber, deterrent [the nuclear triad (for mutually assured destruction in the Cold War, an evolving concept in itself)], transportation, electromagnetic spectrum operations, missile defense"
- "A computer-coordinated fight": in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
- ^ a b c d The Army's unclassified Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept is "the combined arms employment of capabilities from all domains that create and exploit relative advantages to defeat enemy forces, achieve objectives and consolidate gains during competition, crisis, and armed conflict".[73]
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (17 Dec 2021) Here's the Army's 24 programs in soldiers' hands by 2023
- Precision Strike Missile (§ PrSM)
- Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA)
- Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (§ LRHW) will not deploy by 1 Oct 2023.[236]
- Mid-range capability (§ MRC) missile, also called Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF)[237]
- Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)
- Robotic Combat Vehicle (§ RCV)
- Mobile Protective Firepower (§ MPF)
- Future Unmanned Aircraft Systems/ Future Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (FUAS)/(FTUAS)[238][239]
- Integrated Tactical Network (§ ITN) unified with § echelons above brigade, and the multi-domain task forces
- Common Operating Environment: Command Post Computing Environment[240]/Mounted Computed Environment (CPCE)/(MCE) See Common operational picture
- Command Post Integrated Infrastructure (CPI2)
- Mounted Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing System (MAPS)[241][242]
- Dismounted Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing System (DAPS)[241]
- Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD) using high-energy lasers
- Indirect Fires Protection Capability: Iron Dome
- Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (§ LTAMDS)[243] - Patriot radar replacement
- Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (§ IBCS)
- Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense (DE M-SHORAD)[244] High energy lasers
- Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW)
- Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)
- Enhanced Night Vision Goggle – Binocular (ENVG-B)
- Reconfigurable Virtual Collective Trainer (RVCT) - Synthetic training environment
- IVAS Squad Immersive Virtual Trainer (SiVT) - Synthetic training environment
- One World Terrain/ Training Management Tools/ Training Simulation Software (OWT) / (TMT) / (TSS) - Synthetic training environment,[245]
- ^ a b c In Future Vertical Lift, FARA and FLRAA are projected to be prototyped by 2028, with fielding by 2030.[209][248] The OMFV prototype is projected for 2025.[249]
- ^ a b c d e f g ASA(ALT) (2018) Weapon Systems Handbook update Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages.
- By Modernization priority
- By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support
- ACAT I, II, III, IV are defined on page 404.[69][36][71][72][22]
- ^ a b c Echelons above brigade (division, corps, and theater army) engage in a continuum of conflict.[e] [c][105]: minute 17:45 [106]
- ^ a b c When used in multi-domain operations, I2CEWS denotes Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare, and Space. See: ISR, or Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ The 2020 xTechSearch top ten semifinalists (who will each receive $120,000) are:[213]
- Bounce Imaging, for a tactical throwable camera (self-orienting, pointable camera)
- GeneCapture, for deployable medical tests
- Inductive Ventures, for magnetic braking of helicopters
- IoT/AI, for hardware IoT AI devices
- LynQ Technologies, for a GPS beacon
- KeriCure, for wound care
- MEI Micro, for Micro Electronic-Mechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (assured position, navigation, and timing—A-PNT)
- Multiscale Systems, for meta-material
- Novaa, for single-aperture antennas ( multi-band rather than 1 dedicated antenna per application)
- Vita Inclinata, stabilized anti-spin hoisting for pulling injured people on a stretcher into a hovering helicopter
- ^ a b "That's pretty important because that gives him (Dunwoody) the authority to do what needs to be done across the Army with the myriad responsibilities that he has," Shoffner said." Dunwoody becomes a direct report to the TRADOC commander —Tribune staff (22 August 2019) Colonel named division artillery director
- ^ In late FY2023 18 ERCA prototypes will undergo a one-year operational assessment at Fort Bliss.[378]
- ^ a b c d Munitions such as PrSM will need to fire and then move, at targets on the move.[395][396]
- ^ "[HIMARS] is used to destroy critical communications nodes, command posts, airfields, and important logistics facilities".—Mick Ryerson (Major General, Australian Army, retired)[388]
- ^ The Senate Appropriations Committee is cutting an Army component of the FY23 Presidential Budget Request which funds a CS'23 network capability.[482]
- ^ The DoD Close Combat Lethality Task Force is hosting the Artificial Intelligence for Small-Unit Maneuver working group in order to foment relationships with OUSD(R&E), the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO), and the Army, Marines, and Special Operations cells for close combat.[531]
- ^ Perhaps using other mobile power plants (2020), using TRISO fuel[585] (2022)—Idaho National Laboratory will assemble a Project Pele transportable nuclear reactor, and test it for up to three years;[586] if test performance warrants it, this type of reactor will generate a nominal 2 MWe (1 to 5 MWe— megaWatts, electrical) for up to 3 years, for isolated areas such as the Arctic, or for an island;[587] the reactor will be gas-cooled;[588][589][590] the fuel will be high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU);[591] experiments for handling the nuclear fuel will be performed at Idaho National Labs Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT), or the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) during the three year test period.[590] Mobile Microreactor startup testing at the Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC), or at the Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC).[590] Assembling, operating, and disassembling, and transporting the Mobile Microreactor at the MFC, or at the CITRC.[590] Transporting the disassembled mobile microreactor to temporary storage at the Radioactive Scrap and Waste Facility (RSWF), or at the Outdoor Radioactive Storage Area (ORSA).[590] Potentially conducting mobile microreactor and spent nuclear fuel post-irradiation examination (PIE) and disposition at Idaho National Lab.[590] Produce reliable electrical power on a CITRC electrical grid that is separate from the public utility grid at Idaho National Lab.[590]
- ^ The Combat Systems Directorate[688] was to be led by the ASA(ALT)'s Principal Military Deputy [690][691] (Principal Military Deputy (PMILDEP) to the ASA(ALT)) [255]: AD2018-15, 6b:PMILDEP will additionally be AFC director, Combat Systems [267] who will produce those developed solutions and seek feedback.[69][692] In 2022, AD2018-15 was rescinded by Army Directive AD2022-07,[87] which in turn is subject to rescission 180 days after passage of FY2023 NDAA.[92][693]
- ^ a b c d e f g h The capabilities as prioritized by the Chief of Staff, will use subject-matter experts (SMEs) in the realms of requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment, using CFTs for:
- Improved long-range precision fires (artillery):—(Fort Sill, Oklahoma) Lead: BG John Rafferty ... PEO Ammunition (AMMO)
- Next Generation Combat Vehicle—(Detroit Arsenal, Warren, Michigan) Lead: BG Geoffrey Norman ... PEO Ground Combat Systems (GCS)
- Vertical lift platforms—(Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama) Lead: BG Wally Rugen ... PEO Aviation (AVN)
- Mobile and expeditionary (usable in ground combat) communications network (Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland)
- Network Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence—Lead: BG Jeth Rey ... PEO Command Control Communications Tactical (C3T)
- Assured Position Navigation and Timing—(Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama) Lead: William B. Nelson, SES
- Air and missile defense—(Fort Sill, Oklahoma) Lead: BG Brian Gibson, ... PEO Missiles and Space (M&S)
- Soldier lethality
- Soldier Lethality—(Fort Moore, Georgia) Lead: BG Larry Q. Burris, Jr. ... PEO Soldier
- Synthetic Training Environment—(Orlando, Florida) Lead: BG William Glaser ... PEO Simulation, Training, & Instrumentation (STRI)
- Above, 'dotted line' relationship (i.e., coordination) is denoted by a ' ... '
- ^ a b c d e f Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. Army Applications Lab: (23 October 2018) Army Futures Command Wants YOU (To Innovate)
- —Adam Jay Harrison's list for types of Funding Authority
- ^ As an example, any number of effects can be weaponized (see p.1 The New York Times 2 September 2018 "Invisible strikes may be cause of envoy's ills", describing the Microwave auditory effect), or else countered. Hypersonic vehicles are a countermeasure to ballistic missiles.
References
![]() | This article may contain an excessive number of citations. (September 2021) |
- ^ a b c Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (6 December 2018) Futures Command reveals new insignia as it 'forges' ahead last accessed 3 February 2019
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (27 August 2018) Establishment of Army Futures Command marks a culture shift
- ^ "About - U.S. Army Futures Command". U.S. Army. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ Army Futures Command Meet Our Leadership Archived 20 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Army Futures Command: Meet Our Leadership
- ^ US Army "Army announces Austin as the home of new Army Futures Command". C-SPAN. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
- ^ Source: Organization, United States Army. For detail, see AR10-87
- ^ a b Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units ARN2541_AR10-87_WEB_Final.pdf section 20-2a, p.27
- ^ a b c Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard (1 April 2019) The number one priority: An interview with Gen. Mark Milley: Readiness (both current and future)
- ^ a b c d Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Army (Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War
- ^ Sébastien Roblin (11 Oct. 2019) China's stealth drones and hypersonic missiles surpass—and threaten—the U.S.
- Binkov (11 Oct 2019) New game changing weapons shown at Chinese military parade; October 2019 Binkov explains and animates Hypersonic glide trajectories for under-the-radar operation; Binkov estimates which weapons displays are mockups; Compares and contrasts Chinese, Russian, and US capabilities
- ^ "75th Innovation Command Page - About Us". US Army Reserve. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ Jr, Sydney J. Freedberg (24 August 2018). "How McCain & Milley Created Army Futures Command: It Almost Didn't Happen". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ Carlson, Kara "'Modernizing is key': Austin-based Army Futures Command continues to grow, adapt". Austin-American Statesman. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ a b MG Cedric T. Wins (09.10.2019) CCDC'S road map to modernizing the Army: air and missile defense DVIDS release
- (10 September 2019) Same CCDC text but with 3 more images. Fifth in a series.
- ^ a b Army AI task force Army Directive 2018-18 (Army Artificial Intelligence Task Force in Support of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center) 2 October 2018
- ^ Kelley M. Sayler, CRS (10 Nov 2020) Artificial Intelligence and National Security R45178
- ^ a b Lauren C. Williams (14 Sep 2018) Army Futures Command to set up DIU-like innovation lab Archived 17 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b C5ISR "Army leaders get firsthand look at C5ISR Center research, development projects". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028 "describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future." Link moved here
- ^ a b "The U.S. Army Modernization Strategy". APG News. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b c Kerensa Crum CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (14 August 2019) Leader updates Army's modernization priorities Standoff
- ^ a b c Yasmin Tadjdeh (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities Summary of standoff
- ^ a b CRS Insight (IN11019) (17 January 2019) The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations Congressional Research Service (CRS)
- Todd South (11 August 2019) This 3-star Army general explains what multi-domain operations mean for you "think, assess and employ all domains when necessary"—General Wesley
- ^ Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (14 January 2020) Army Chief Seeks 'Minimally Manned' Vehicles, Joint C2 LRPF, ITN, IBCS, FARA, FLRAA, and "We need a joint command and control system" —Army Chief of Staff James C. McConville
- ^ Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (2021) Army Chief To Navy, Air Force: We've Got 'Speed & Range' "The future is all about range and speed" —Gen. McConville
- ^ a b Chief of Staff paper #1, Headquarters, Department of the Army (16 March 2021) Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict Unclassified version by 40th Chief of Staff of the Army, Gen. James C. McConville
- ^ a b Chief of Staff paper #2 (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition
- ^ a b Scott Maucione (19 July 2019) Army Futures Command fully operational, dinged by GAO on announcement
- ^ a b c d e f Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (11 July 2019) "Embracing a new culture at Army Futures Command". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "Army Futures Command Press Conference". DVIDS. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
fy2020,30billion
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
big6tenBillionReallocationBy2025
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Michael A. Grinston, James C. McConville, and Ryan McCarthy(2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy revision 7, CFTs' 31 signature efforts
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 September 2019) Can Army Control Costs Of Its New Weapons? Currently the Army has 692 programs of record
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 March 2019) Army 'Big Six' Ramp Up in 2021: Learning From FCS
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (11 January 2019) 12 Moments Of Truth For Army Modernization In 2019
- ^ a b MDO Challenge (15 May 2019) *Start here* MDO 101 General explanation of multi-domain operations (MDO) for the layman
- ^ Sean Kimmons In first year, Futures Command grows from 12 to 24,000 personnel, Army News Service, 19 July 2019
- ^ Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (13 September 2018), Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress, Breakingdefense.com
- ^ Judson, Jen (6 September 2022). "Futures Command faces identity crisis as Army shifts mission". Defense News. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (15 Sep 2022) Wormuth: Here are the 6 areas the Army must be prepared for in 2030
- ^ a b Christine Wormuth, 25th Secretary of the Army (10 Oct 2022) AUSA 2022 Opening Ceremony hour 0:37:50 to 1:05:41
- ^ Patrick Tucker (14 Sep 2022) Ukraine War Offers Clues to Future War, Joint Chiefs Chairman Says
- ^ The Economist (30 Nov 2022) What is the war in Ukraine teaching Western armies? "It shows the importance of dispersal, firepower and stockpiles"
- ^ a b Gen. David Goldfein and Gen. Jay Raymond (28 Feb 2020) America's future battle network is key to multidomain defense JADC2: " We cannot yet share data in a seamless and simultaneous way between the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps or the Space Force"
- ^ a b Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (24 Oct 2022) Army of 2030: Collaboration key to Army modernization
- ^ US Army Public Affairs (10 Oct 2022) AUSA Contemporary Military Forum: Army 2030 - Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Fight Gen. McConville, Gen.(Ret) Perkins, DepUnderSec Diaz, Gen. Rainey, LTG Beagle, Prof. Greer (SAMS)
- ^ Caitlin Kenny (10 Oct 2022) Divisions, Corps to Replace Brigades As Army's Wartime Formation Of Choice "Brigades that operated largely independently in Iraq and Afghanistan will fight as part of larger units in future conflicts, officials said".
- ^ a b Jen Judson (29 Mar 2023) US Army has a 'gigantic problem' with logistics in the Indo-Pacific AMC is lead, AFC sets requirements
- ^ TRADOC (13 Apr 2022) The Operational Environment and the Changing Character of Warfare TP 525-92
- ^ Signal (10 Oct 2022) The Army Takes an Extended View to 2040
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (19 Oct 2022) As Project Convergence tries new 'tech gateways', 2 AI algorithms to transition to programs of record Todd Army 2040
- ^ Parth Satam (15 Nov 2022) Decoding HIMARS' 'Design Philosophy', Latest Images Show Russia Could Be Analyzing Deadly US Rockets
- ^ a b c Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command (3 January 2023) AFC hosts inaugural Army Future Readiness Conference
- ^ Jen Judson (8 Feb 2023) New Futures Command chief shifts main effort to designing Army of 2040
- ^ John Ferrari (2 Mar 2023) Congress can put Army modernization back on track "AEI's John Ferrari asks five important questions that the Army needs to answer before committing to high-dollar procurments [sic] during its modernization push".
- ^ Jen Judson (4 Apr 2023) The US Army moves to tweak its formations for future conflicts AFC to work with TRADOC
- ^ a b c Jen Judson (31 July 2023) Army Futures Command drafting next operating concept
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (19 May 2023) LANPAC 2023: Army faces most 'disruptive' period since World War II
- ^ US Army (2020) AMERICA'S ARMY: READY NOW,INVESTING IN THE FUTURE FY19-21 accomplishments and investment plan
- ^ Andrew Smith (9 Apr 2020) Convergence within SOCOM – A Bottom-Up Approach to Multi Domain Operations
- ^ Todd South (17 Jun 2021) Even generals must learn new skills in tech-dominated special operations future
- ^ a b c d Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (26 March 2018) Army Outlines Futures Command; Org Chart In Flux
- ^ a b c d e Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 October 2017) Can The Pentagon Protect Young Innovators? Fixing the 'up or out' culture, which favors generalists
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lt. Col. Thomas "Bull" Holland, PhD, U.S. Army (15 January 2019) Proposed Army Futures Command Process Tenets
- 'Scientific research is a fundamentally different activity than technology development';
- Incorporate 'scientific research into "Appendix C: Functional Concepts" and specify pathways for technology development';
- Buy into the 'fail fast' mentality;
- '6.3-funded projects to produce knowledge (technical data) that can be consumed by requirements developers as opposed to PMs';
- Use 'evidence-based requirements process' (early hypothesis testing) with citations for evidence:
- All projects will be executed in no less than two increments.
- No new requirements once an increment is started.
- Summary: 'advances on the battlefield requires comprehensive, coordinated changes in the entire acquisition system';
- ^ a b c d e f g The RAND Corporation (2000) Discovery and Innovation: Federal Research and Development in the Fifty States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico RAND MR1194 Appendix B: Government-Wide and DOD Definitions of R&D Archived 6 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine See Appendix B p.615 for DOD Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2B, Chapter 5)
- ^ Neil Hollenbeck and Benjamin Jensen (6 December 2017) Why the Army needs a Futures Command Enable a culture of experimentation, and develop concepts and technology together.
- ^ a b c d Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 Sep 2018) Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress
- ^ a b c d e f g h i ASA(ALT) Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 update
- ^ a b c Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (3 April 2019) Army 'Shark Tank' enabling quick prototyping of new systems
- ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (18 July 2019) Futures Command showcases efforts ahead of upcoming FOC
- ^ Jen Judson (23 Mar 2022) Multidomain operations concept will become doctrine this summer
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (7 May 2018) Permanent Evolution: SecArmy Esper On Futures Command
- ^ a b c d JP-1 Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine p.xxi has the definition of operational control (OPCON). Note that "command authority may not be delegated" (COCOM being command authority). p.xxii has the definition of administrative control (ADCON): one application being coordinating authority.
- see also C. Berry (3 May 2010) Understanding OPCON . (COCOM is the legal authority of a combatant commander (CCDR).) OPCON, on the other hand, "is derived from the authorities of COCOM and delineated in JP-1".
- ^ a b c d e f g h Army R&D Chief: 'I Don't Think We Went Far Enough'—But Futures Command Can
- ^ Phillip B. Fountain, U.S. Army Futures Command (8 October 2019) Army Futures Command to highlight modernization efforts at 2019 AUSA Archived 7 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Matthew Cox (14 Sep 2018) Head of Army Futures Command Fields Tough Questions From Congress
- ^ a b c Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) (31 May 2022) The Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) report IF11797
- ^ Christine Wormuth (10.11.2021) AUSA 2021
- ^ Ashley Rocque (7 Aug 2023) From petroleum pipes to pest problems, what a US Army 2-star learned from Talisman Sabre 23
- ^ a b c U.S. Department of Defense (28 Aug 2023) Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks Keynote Address: 'The Urgency to Innovate' (As Delivered) Replicator, introduced at the "NDIA Emerging Technologies for Defense Conference"— Replicator is meant to overcome PRC's mass with AI en masse
- ^ a b Scott Maucione (14 Sep 2018) Army leaders ask for trust in lieu of metrics for Futures Command
- ^ a b c US Army (6 Oct 2017) Army Directive 2017-24 (Cross-Functional Team Pilot In Support of Materiel Development)
- ^ a b c d Headquarters, Department of the Army (29 Jun 2021) Army Regulation 71–9 Force Management. Warfighting Capabilities Determination °1-6c, p.1) tasks for CG,AFC; °2-24 p.13) CG,AFC is a principal member of AROC, with 43 duties a through qq; °3-1 ch.3 pp20-21) AROC is a forum for requirements decisions (RDF); °4-1 p.24) CG,AFC is responsible for force design; °6-4 p39) figure 6-1 Deliberate staffing and review process; figures for more staffing and review processes follow.
- ^ Research, Development, and Acquisition AR 71–9 (2009) Warfighting Capabilities Determination Aug 15, 2019 update
- ^ a b HQDA (3 May 2022) Army Directive 2022-07 (Army Modernization Roles and Responsibilities) AD2022-07 is 6 pages
- ^ Research, Development, and Acquisition (22 Jul 2011) Army Acquisition Policy Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine AR 70-1
- ^ Jared Serbu (11 Mar 2016) Army puts its chief of staff 'at the center' of acquisition decisions
- ^ USAASC, Army ALT Magazine, Best Practices (16 February 2018) A Model and Process for Transitioning Urgent Acquisition - USAASC (United States Army Acquisition Corps)
- ^ a b Jen Judson (6 Sep 2022) Futures Command faces identity crisis as Army shifts mission
- ^ a b c Andrew Eversden (24 Jun 2022) House lawmakers ask Army: Who's in charge of massive modernization program? 180 day timer after FY2023 NDAA takes effect, could trigger rescission of AD2022-07. To find an Army document, enter the pub form identifier, such as "ar 71-9" in the menu: ARMY PUBLISHING INDEX
- ^ a b Jen Judson (6 Sep 2022) Army's next Futures Command leader could come 'in short order'
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (7 Sep 2022) After months of delay, Army nominates new commander for Futures Command
- ^ a b Stripes (8 Sep 2022) Army announces new Futures Command leader as Texas senator calls for clarity on innovating force
- ^ David Vergun, Army News Service (13 October 2017) Cross-functional teams to spearhead modernization, says McCarthy: allocated money in Program Objective Memorandum (POM) to protect resources.
- ^ a b Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard (31 August 2018) Modernizing at the speed of relevance: An interview with Under Secretary of the Army Ryan McCarthy
- ^ a b c d Freedberg Jr, Sydney (14 August 2018). "Inside Army Futures Command: CFT Chiefs Take Charge". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Sydney Freedberg (29 August 2018) Army Futures Command: $100M, 500 Staff, & Access To Top Leaders
- ^ "Allies to join Army Futures Command". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI
- Initially, satellites feed data to TITAN.
- Prometheus, which is AI software, combs through the data for potential threats and targets.
- SHOT, which is also software, tracks each target on a custody list, correlating each target's current location, signature, and threat assessment, with a list of candidate fires countermeasures, ranked by capability, range to the target, kill radius, etc. "SHOT then computes the optimal match of weapons to targets", and passes the list to AFATDS.
- Human commanders choose whether to fire, or not, from the list of fires assets (Nelson notes that ERCA and Grey Eagle drones are to be added to the list of fires assets—currently M777 howitzers and MLRS 270 rocket launchers in the upcoming tests, August 2020).
- satellites perform Battle damage assessment, to update the list of threats and targets.
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 August 2020) Can Army Intel Data Feed The Kill Chain? Quickly pooling data will take AI and cloud—"Project Convergence"
- ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army
(10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
The Army is the largest user of Space
- Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
- Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
- Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
- Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
- Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
- Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
- NavWar
- ^ Lt. Gen. Eric J. Wesley, U.S. Army, Chief Warrant Officer 5 Jon Bates, U.S. Army (May-Jun 2020) To Change an Army—Winning Tomorrow The MDO concept —TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1
- ^ a b c "Army aligning modernization programs with other services". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ David Vergun, Defense.gov (21 February 2020) Military leaders discuss hypersonics, supply chain vulnerabilities
- ^ a b c d Anthony Small Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest, US Army, 13 March 2019
- ^ a b c d e Todd South (13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops "400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. "Army Multi-Domain Update: New HQs, Grey Zones, & The Art of The Unfeasible". Breaking Defense. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 March 2019) US 'Gets Its Ass Handed To It' In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerability
- ^ a b c d "Readiness for the 21st Century: An interview with retired Gen. David McKiernan". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ a b Matthew Cox (28 April 2018) How Future Combat Systems Failed
- ^ Army Futures Command (28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development
- ^ a b c d Lacdan, Joe (19 June 2019). "Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense" (PDF). Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
(Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)
- ^ a b c d
- Jason Cutshaw (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit an MDO BN for Targeting, I Corps
- ^ a b US Army (4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific
- ^ a b Freedberg Jr, Sydney (30 November 2018). "Forget The Terminator For Future Army AI: LTG Wesley". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ AUSA Aviation Hot Topic 2018 - PANEL 1 - Multi Domain Maneuver, retrieved 15 December 2021
- ^ a b Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC) (8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium Integrated fires across domains
- ^ Stephen Clark (8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network Air Force's fifth AEHF (Advanced Extremely High Frequency) communications satellite
- ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
- ^ John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Mann (23 April 2019) Hypersonic Weapons – A Threat to National Security Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS)
- Kris Osborn (16 December 2019) Pentagon Advances New Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks HBTSS will "establish a continuous 'track' on approaching hypersonic missiles"
- Melanie Marlowe (8 April 2020) Three obstacles are slowing space sensors for hypersonic threats Continuous tracking is needed to maintain custody of a hypersonic threat before its disposition.
- David Brennan (27 Jan 2021) Pentagon Orders Hypersonic Missile Trackers Amid Russia, China Arms Race HBTSS awards to L3Harris; Northrop Grumman
- ^ Paul McLeary (18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors
- ^ a b Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil
- ^ a b c Mezher, Chyrine "How To Wage Global Cyber War: Nakasone, Norton, & Deasy". Breaking Defense. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops 3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris.
- Theresa Hitchens (12 October 2020) SMDC Pushes For New PNT, Tracking Sat Payloads In addition to the 3 LEO satellite programs mentioned above, SMDC's technical center is working on project TITAN (Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node), a "common, mobile ground station" for the Army's tactical needs.
- ^ a b c d Sean Kimmons, Army News Service "Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"
- DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body "The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO
- ^ a b c Jen Judson (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype
- ^ a b Judson, Jen (5 June 2019). "Coming soon to the US Army: Combat-capable hypersonic and laser weapons". C4ISRNet. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ "Army accelerates delivery of directed energy, hypersonic weapon prototypes". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Claire Heininger (9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle
- ^ a b c Mark Pomerleau (11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost? The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs
- ^ a b Dan Gouré (2 August 2019) Army Futures Command's Report Card After Its First Year Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability
- ^ a b c d Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)
- Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCTO (30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts
- ^ a b c d e Army.mil "Robotic combat vehicles could change way Army looks, fights". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Aviation Industry Days: Army Aviation aims for more lethal Multi-Domain Operations capability". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests
- ^ Joseph Lacdan, Army News Service (21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal
- ^ "The Army joins the Air Force, Navy in attempt to develop hypersonic weaponry". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (16 July 2020) Army Says Long Range Missiles Will Help Air Force, Not Compete
- ^ a b "Army to build on results from first Project Convergence exercise". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021 PrSM, AFATDS to F-35
- ^ Patrick Tucker (24 Sep 2020) Inside the Army's Fearless, Messy, Networked Warfare Experiment Murray: Army software factory will start contributing.
- ^ "Army, Air Force form partnership, lay foundation for CJADC2 interoperability". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground
- ^ Joseph Lacdan (17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - Navy
- ^ Colin Demarest (23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force's $950 million JADC2 contract
- ^ a b c Jaspreet Gill (11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise
- ^ Colin Demarest (11 Jul 2022) Pentagon's secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit "The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive".
- ^ Valerie Insinna (17 Jul 2022) Air Force's sixth-gen fighter downselect 'not all that far away,' says Kendall Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile. —USAF Secretary Frank Kendall
- ^ Travis Sharp, CSBA (20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go. Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2.
- ^ a b Colin Demarest (21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed".
- ^ Jen Judson (15 Jul 2022) Army Test and Evaluation Command pushes to reduce live-fire tests
- ^ a b c Jacqueline M. Hames and Margaret C. Roth (14 January 2019) Virtual battlefield represents future of training Training as a service; more content at scale needed.
- ^ a b SARA ARL (29 Jun 2021) Army program introduces new software for robot autonomy AIMM ERP (Artificial Intelligence for Maneuver and Mobility Essential Research Program)
- ^ a b c Sean Kimmons "Army Futures Command aims to tap into innovative culture in Austin and beyond", Army News Service, 15 August 2018
- ^ Lamothe, Dan (14 July 2018), "Why the Army decided to put its new high-tech Futures Command in Texas", Washington Post
- ^ a b c Lea, Maj. Brett (5 September 2018), "Army establishes Futures Command; U.S. Army JMC at Fort Bliss is operational arm", Fort Bliss Bugle
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (9 Feb 2023) DoD's clarified AI policy flashes 'green light' for robotic weapons: Experts "The revised DoD Directive 3000.09 refines an obscure review process, adding broad AI ethics principles but still not actually forbidding development or deployment of would-be killer robots".
- ^ Brad Williams (30 Sep 2021) Researchers Warn Of 'Dangerous' Artificial Intelligence-Generated Disinformation At Scale
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (7 Apr 2022) How US intel worked with commercial satellite firms to reveal Ukraine info using RF geolocation
- ^ a b Defense.gov (12 February 2019) SUMMARY OF THE 2018 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY
- ^ Ashton Carter (2012-11-21) Autonomy in Weapon Systems Most recent DoD guideline: 2012
- ^ Terri Moon Cronk "Artificial intelligence experts address getting capabilities to warfighters", army.mil, 13 December 2018
- ^ Carnegie Mellon University (1 February 2019) Carnegie Mellon Hosts Activation of U.S. Army AI Task Force. Brigadier General Matt Easley is Director of Army Artificial Intelligence task force (A-AI TF)
- ^ Gary Sheftick (13 August 2019) AI Task Force taking giant leaps forward Coordinating with: NREC, Talent management task force, the CFTs, and DOD's Joint AI Center
- ^ Douglas Scott (6 August 2019) New wearable authentication more than a "token" gesture Tactical Identity and Access Management (TIDAM) see Army AI task force (A-AI TF)
- ^ U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (27 February 2020) Army researchers enhance AI critical to Soldier-machine teamwork Explainability & tellability: coalition situational understanding (CSU) & human-agent knowledge fusion (HAKF)
- Alun Preece, Dave Braines, Federico Cerutti, Tien Pham (16 Oct 2019) Explainable AI for Intelligence Augmentation in Multi-Domain Operations
- ^ RDECOM Research Laboratory Public Affairs (18 December 2018) Black Hawk helicopter pilot interns with Army researchers
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (11 September 2020) JAIC Wants AI 'Victory Gardens' Across DoD
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (25 September 2019) IC Must Embrace Public Data to Use AI Effectively: Sue Gordon IC is the Intelligence Community
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 August 2019) Big Data For Big Wars: JEDI vs. China & Russia
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (22 November 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from TRADOC pam 525-3-1
- ^ DAISHI ABE and RIEKO MIKI (14 Aug 2020) Japan wants de facto 'Six Eyes' intelligence status: defense chief
- ^ Andrew Eversden (7 August 2020) A human F-16 pilot will fight against AI in an upcoming contest
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (20 August 2020) AI Slays Top F-16 Pilot In DARPA Dogfight Simulation The AI systems are eventually to serve as wingmen for human commanders.
- Eric Tegler (20 August 2020) AI Just Won A Series Of Simulated Dogfights Against A Human F-16 Pilot, 5-0. What Does That Mean?
- DARPAtv (20 August 2020) AlphaDogfight Trials Final Event 5 hour live stream.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 August 2020) Deloitte Wins $106M JAIC Contract To Build AI Toolkit
- ^ Aaron Mehta (23 Sep 2020) Hyten to issue new joint requirements on handling data by using JROC-specified Capabilities stated in high-level natural language rather than relying on traditional item-by-item Requirements documents
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (3 Sep 2020) AI's Data Hunger Will Drive Intelligence Collection Army's Chief data officer: In the Future, "every Soldier is a Chief data officer"
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 Sep 2020) China Is Not Ahead Of US On AI: JAIC Chief & Gen. Hyten
- ^ Kelsey Atherton (14 August 2020) DARPA Trains AI To Understand Humans – In Minecraft
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (28 May 2021) Pentagon wants to spend big on joint war-fighting systems
- ^ Andrew Eversden (12 Aug 2021) Army Futures Command outlines next five years of AI needs
- ^ Kaylan Hutchison, DAC Strategic Communications (22 Jun 2022) Collaborative agreement propels Army analysis of artificial intelligence
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (14 Apr 2023) EXCLUSIVE: Pentagon aims to 'own the technical baseline' for AI tech, R&D official says
- ^ Anil Ananthaswamy (13 Apr 2023) A New Approach to Computation Reimagines Artificial Intelligence hyperdimensional computing using large numbers of parameters, each parameter itself representing a dimension of the sample space.
- ^ a b Eversden, Andrew "Army Software Factory experiments with a new culture to unleash coders in its ranks". C4ISRNet. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Army Futures Command "STAND-TO!". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021. Army Software Factory
- ^ Katie Davis Skelley, DEVCOM Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (27 May 2022) Software Factory helps transform Army from industrial to information age 16-week boot camp. Four different tracks (platform engineer, software developer, product manager and designer). Anyone (soldier or Army civilian) can submit a problem to the Factory; A team interviews the problem, performs an initial scoping, and then decides whether to accept the problem to work on.
- ^ Lindsay Grant (25 May 2022) New Army application enhances equipment readiness PMCS app developed by first cohort in ASF; allows soldiers to gain access to field manuals without a CAC card, using only a cell phone.
- ^ USAF Assistant Secretary of Acquisition, Chief Software Office (19 Dec 2019) SpaceCAMP USAF Software Factory
- ^ AI TF Artificial Intelligence Task Force Archived 24 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- US Army Army Artificial Intelligence Task Force (31 August 2020) AFC: Growing an AI-ready workforce
- U.S. ARMY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TASK FORCE (Nov 2019) U.S. ARMY FUTURES COMMAND, AREAS OF INTEREST Archived 18 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Colin Clark (8 Aug 2021) Wormuth Hints At Cuts To 35 Core Army Modernization Programs
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (31 Mar 2023) Duckworth introduces bill to build out 'imperative' tech skills in military
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (10 March 2023) Marines teaming with Army on 3-year software factory pilot technical accelerator; 3 year pilot is to build applications; at least 50 Marines; 8 to enter the technical accelerator every 6 months; each of them in a program to accelerate modernization as product managers, designers, or software developers. The teams will learn baseline skillsets using pair programming for one-on-one mentoring, and utilization.
- ^ a b US Army (15 August 2018) Army Futures Command aims to tap into innovative culture in Austin and beyond
- ^ Technology Review (19 December 2016) The Pentagon's Innovation Experiment
- ^ Devon L. Suits (11 December 2018) Army secretary approves new Intellectual Property Management Policy
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (15 March 2019) IP Rights For Robot Tanks: NGCV To Test-Drive New Policy
- ^ a b David Vergun (29 March 2018) Army network modernization efforts spearheaded by new Cross-Functional Teams. The Army conducts a network demonstration at Fort Bliss, Texas. The Army is pursuing network modernization through Cross-Functional Teams.
- ^ US Army (27 June 2018) U.S. Army to host tactical Cloud computing industry forum army.mil
- ^ a b Nathan Strout (30 Nov 2019) Can hundreds of unrelated satellites create a GPS backup?
- ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (3 August 2018) Army leveraging industry ideas to modernize network
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (21 June 2019) Army Wrestles With Testers Over Network Upgrades breakingdefense.com
- ^ Colin Clark (11 Aug 2021) Army Command Posts Getting Mobile, Dispersed, Quieter; Division Exercise In October
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 Oct 2022) Army 2030: Disperse or die, network and live
- ^ a b Jen Judson (4 April 2019) US Army plans to field a future long-range assault helicopter by 2030 FLRAA
- RFI posted on the Federal Business Opportunities, 4 April
- Contract award: fourth quarter of FY21
- preliminary design review (PDR) second quarter of FY23
- first flight in the third quarter of FY24
- critical design review (CDR) in the fourth quarter of FY24
- fielding to first unit in second quarter of FY30
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (21 January 2020) Army 'Fully Committed To Replacing The Bradley': Gen. McConville Bradley fighting vehicle replacement is still a project
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 January 2020) Bradley Replacement: Did Army Ask For 'Unobtainium'?
- U.S. Army Public Affairs (16 January 2020) Army decides to cancel current OMFV solicitation
- U.S. Army Public Affairs (7 February 2020) Army aggressively moves forward on OMFV, seeks industry input on path forward "We are not releasing a prescribed set of requirements -- we are describing the problem set and giving industry the freedom to be creative and innovative in their approach" —Gen. John (Mike) Murray
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (26 February 2020) OMFV: Army Seeks Industry Advice On Bradley Replacement
- ^ JASPREET GILL and ANDREW EVERSDEN (24 Aug 2022) Army undersecretary reviewing network modernization portfolio, wants 'big bets'
- ^ a b Futures Command (2022) xTechSearch The Army's ongoing search for capabilities
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 March 2020) "xTechSearch: Army Picks Top 10 Tech Innovators" breakingdefense.com
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 April 2020) COVID-19: Army Tries Prizes To Get Ventilator Tech ASAP breakingdefense.com
- ^ a b U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (13 April 2020) Redditors revive interest in 1960s Army emergency ventilator invention
- ^ a b Michael Howard (11 September 2020) Technology Providing Navigation in GPS-Denied Environment wins Grand Prize in xTechSearch Competition
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (2 May 2022) Army stretches little wings with desert mini-drone swarm tests
- ^ Brenden Devereaux (22 Apr 2022) LOITERING MUNITIONS IN UKRAINE AND BEYOND
- ^ a b Ben Watson (6 May 2022) Defense One Radio, Ep. 99: The role of drones in Russia's Ukraine invasion
- ^ Ashley Rocque (19 May 2023) At Edge 23, the US Army and international partners break down data-sharing barriers
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (24 Aug 2022) Army's robotic vehicle slipped behind 'enemy' lines in European exercise
- ^ a b Spc. Garrison Waites (12 Jun 2022) Soldiers get hands-on experience with new tech during Combined Resolve Using RCVs with Javelins and CROWS
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (21 Oct 2022) 'Lightning in a bottle': Inside the 'Origin' of the Army's future robotic fleet
- ^ a b c d Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 Mar 2021) Army Outlines Ambitious Schedule For Robots, Armor
- ^ Andrew Eversden (22 Nov 2021) Robotic vehicles, drones coordinate recon at Army's Project Convergence 21
- ^ Defense One staff (9 Sep 2022) The Army's top officer discusses the future of the force and how the six-month-old Ukraine invasion is evolving. LTG Scott McKean
- ^ Army Futures Command (19 Sep 2022) Project Convergence 2022 to demonstrate futuristic joint, multinational warfighting technologies inaugural PC22 Technology Gateway
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (21 Sep 2022) Army to test robotic vehicles on land and sea during PC 22 AFC's McKean: JADC2 experiment to reach from continental US to Pacific: 1) establish an IAMD; 2) use Joint offensive fires; 3) examine which authorities and policies hinder the mission
- ^ Max Boot (28 May 2023) Opinion: An Army command like no other seeks to master the future of war
- ^ Colin Clark (13 Jul 2021) SecDef Austin Commits US To ‘Responsible AI’ 28th SecDef
- ^ Valerie Insinna and Aaron Mehta (26 May 2022) Updated autonomous weapons rules coming for the Pentagon: Exclusive details DoD directive 3000.09
- ^ Colin Demarest (18 Aug 2023) Don’t ditch soldiers for machines, combine them, Rainey says
- ^ a b Grinston, McConville, and McCarthy (2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy: Investing in the future 7 —Figure 3. Current Cross Functional Teams and Signature Efforts
- ^ a b "Chief of staff: Most signature systems to be fielded by 2023, people still No. 1". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ a b Anthony Capaccio (14 Sep 2023) US Army Faces Facts:Its Hypersonic Weapon To Miss a Deadline
- Sharon Weinberger, WSJ (15 Sep 2023) Hypersonic Missiles Are Game-Changers, and America Doesn't Have Them
- ^ a b c d Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) (27 Dec 2022) The U.S. Army's Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System (Formerly Mid-Range Capabilities [MRC] System) report IF12135
- ^ Ashley Roque (22 Aug 2022) US Army picks AeroVironment's Jump 20 for FTUAS Increment 1
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 Feb 2023) 'Unmanned' drones take too many humans to operate, says top Army aviator
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (14 Jan 2022) Army 'well on its way' to first OCONUS cloud in Indo-Pacific
- ^ a b Alternative PNT & Area Protection DAPS
- ^ Andrew Eversden (Feb. 2, 2022 at 12:09 PM ET update) Here's the Army's 24 programs in soldiers' hands by 2023 Updated by AFC
- ^ MDAA (24 Jul 2020) Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (LTAMDS)
- ^ a b Jen Judson (13 Jan 2022) Army readies to deliver first set of Strykers with 50-kilowatt laser weapons
- ^ a b Jaspreet Gill (27 Feb 2023) Maxar plans geospatial data, multi-source collection for Army's One World Terrain
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
34signaturePrograms
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ MG Cedric T. Wins (5 Dec 2018) RDECOM'S ROAD MAP TO MODERNIZING THE ARMY: NEXT GENERATION COMBAT VEHICLE MODULAR ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEMS. Second in a series.
- ^ Steve Trimble (24 July 2020) U.S. Army Upgrades Vision For Future Vertical Lift Programs
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 April 2020) Army Revamps OMFV Bradley Replacement For Russian Front OMFV digital designs by 2023, prototypes by 2025, operational by 2028
- OMFV OPTIONALLY MANNED FIGHTING VEHICLE (OMFV) INDUSTRY DAY & PROGRAM QUESTIONS (9-April-2020) Archived 17 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine 14 pages
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (11 Mar 2021) A War With China Would Spread To Land, Says Army Tanker
- ^ Jason Cutshaw (5 Dec 2022) Experiment demos Army space capabilities to test 300 technologies
- ^ Jen Judson (7 Feb 2023) Army sets sights on 2024 for next Project Convergence
- ^ Ashley Roque (8 Feb 2023) No Convergence in 2023: Army deliberating the path ahead for signature JADC2 exercise
- ^ Ms. Karen Diane Kurtz (ASA (ALT)) and Steven Y. Lusher (JPEO CBRND PAO) (8 October 2018) ASA(ALT) Participates in U.S. Army Futures Command Panel at AUSA
- ^ a b c d e f Army Directive 2018-15 (U.S. Army Futures Command Relationship With the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) and DCS G-8, 27 August 2018
- ^ a b c d e Jaspreet Gill (4 May 2022) EXCLUSIVE: New Army directive shakes up modernization enterprise
- ^ a b c Richard Simonetti (23 April 2018) "US Army turns to new technologies" linkedin.com
- ^ a b Acquisition process: Materiel development decision (MDD)
- ^ a b c d e (24 October 2019) Army Pushes 600 Programs From Acquisition To Sustainment
- ^ USArmy tweet: Futures Command will have the overarching objective to achieve clear overmatch in future conflicts, making Soldiers and units more lethal to win the nation's wars, then return home safely.
- ^ a b c d Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) ASA(ALT) Archived 18 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine—Org Chart as of May 2020 see also February 2020, and 11/5/19, as well as Org Chart as of 11/26/18
- ^ Mr. Craig A. Spisak, Director, Acquisition Career Management (3 October 2018) A vigorous talent management strategy keeps the acquisition workforce prepared for threats
- ^ Jacqueline M. Hames, U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (31 January 2020) TWI: worth it Training with Industry: a work-experience program for Army Acquisition officers (from captain to lieutenant colonel). "After their TWI rotation, officers are expected to identify industry best practices and implement them at their next duty station"
- ^ A sample career path here: Aviation Engineering director to SES
- ^ (1 Aug 2018) Military (Officer) Corner: Army Acquisition Centralized Selection List
- ^ (29 Apr 2015) Army Acquisition Corps Recognized
- ^ a b c d Ms. Audra Calloway (Picatinny) (19 September 2018) With new Army Futures Command, senior acquisition leader discusses role of Program Executive Offices
- ^ a b c d Army Directive 2017-33 (Enabling the Army Modernization Task Force) (7 November 2017) References Decker-Wagner 2011
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (24 January 2019) Bell V-280 Flies 322 MPH: Army Secretary Praises Program
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (6 June 2019) Army Fields Anti-Jam GPS In Germany This Fall
- ^ a b c d Secretary of the Army, Mark T. Esper, ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED STATES ARMY FUTURES COMMAND Army General order G.O.2018-10
- ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (14 June 2019) Partnering for speed: Army rapid prototyping office hosts industry open house
- ^ a b Clark, Colin (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood
- ^ Jen Judson (13 March 2019) Army Rapid Capabilities Office is getting a new name and mission
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (22 August 2018) Army Warhead Is Key To Joint Hypersonics
- ^ a b c d Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (11 September 2018) Aiming The Army's Thousand-Mile Missiles Multi-domain Ft Sill
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (19 March 2019) Army Sets 2023 Hypersonic Flight Test; Strategic Cannon Advances
- ^ Sydney J Freedberg (2 Oct 2020) Army Tripled OTA Prototyping To $4.8B In Just 3 Years: GAO
- ^ a b "Team White Sands Organizations". www.wsmr.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ For example,
- Request for ATEC Acquisition Support Form Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- or Rapid evaluation of a capability
- or Private industry test
- ^ (January 2011) Implementing Acquisition Reform: The Decker-Wagner Army Acquisition Review
- ^ a b c DoD (16 May 2018) Army Officials Testify on FY 2019 Budget Request
- ^ U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (4 February 2019) CCDC Research Laboratory
- ^ a b c d e Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, CG RDECOM (25 September 2018) RDECOM's road map to modernizing the Army: Long-range precision fires First in a series
- ^ Argie Sarantinos-Perrin (17 October 2018) RDECOM at the forefront of creating a more modern, lethal Army
- ^ a b Freedberg, Jr. (31 Jan 2019) Army Completes Biggest Reorg In 45 Years: Can Futures Command End Weapons Disasters? "... another thing we've not done very well—is doing the prototyping and experimentation with soldiers from the beginning, so we got soldier input into a program before it ever becomes a program of record" —Gen. 'Mike' Murray
- ^ "Get that moving truck ready". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Dr. Charles K. Pickar, Naval Postgraduate School (October 29, 2019) An exercise to experience
- ^ Army ALT Magazine (January 29, 2019) Then And Now: Training for the Future
- ^ Lacdan, Joe (25 June 2019), Virtual program adds 'elite' dimensions to SHARP training, US Army
- ^ a b U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (3 February 2020) Army develops big data approach to neuroscience Dr. Jonathan Touryan, co-author
- The Cognition and Neuroergonomics Collaborative Technology Alliance
- Automated EEG mega-analysis I: Spectral and amplitude characteristics across studies NeuroImage Volume 20, 15 February 2020, 116361
- (19 Sep 2018) Automated EEG mega-analysis II: Cognitive aspects of event related features
- ^ "Army Futures Command Organizations". Google My Maps. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ David A. Vergun "Austin to be U.S. Army Futures Command location, says Army". Army.mil. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
- ^ UT Austin Becomes Major Research Hub for Army Futures Command, University of Texas, 23 May 2019
- ^ a b c Army Futures Command YouTube clip (7 December 2018) ARCIC Transition of Authority Ceremony 7 Dec 2018 to Futures and Concepts Center, AFC
- ^ "Locations and Facilities – DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory". www.arl.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "TRAC makes official move to Futures Command". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Mission Command Battle Lab (MCBL)". usacac.army.mil. US Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b Judson, Jen (26 February 2018). "US Army's war-gaming is under-resourced, three-star says". Defense News. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ Maj. Chris Parker, Dr. Paul Reese, Director, Fielded Force Integration Division, COL E.J. Karlberg, Director, Combined Arms Integration Directorate, and Mr. Rich Creed, Director, Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, Breaking Doctrine podcast at Fort Leavenworth (2020) Breaking Doctrine: Episode 14 - Transitioning the Army to MDO 1:02:44 How a Concept becomes Doctrine at TRADOC Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth DOTMLPF-P
- ^ a b c Headquarters, Dept of the Army (July 2019) ADP 6-0 Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces 4 chapters. See also ADP 3-0; ADP 6-22; FM 6-22; ADP 1-1; and ADP 5-0
- ^ Mission Command Center Of Excellence (MC-CoE CDID)
- ^ a b c TRADOC Analysis Center. Combined Arms training center. Fort Leavenworth Archived 2 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Maj. Gen. Maria R. Gervais (31 August 2018) The Synthetic Training Environment revolutionizes sustainment training
- ^ Army ALT Magazine (29 January 2019) THEN AND NOW: TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE critique
- ^ a b c "STE CFT Cuts Ribbon in Orlando". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Army pursuing improved realism in live and virtual training". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ a b Jen Judson (17 May 2019) US Army's jumping to the next level in virtual training reconfigurable virtual collective trainers (RVCTs)
- ^ Cyber CoE - (its CDID)
- ^ "Maneuver CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab)". Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ a b Bob Purtiman, NGCV Cross-Functional Team (17 September 2018) Preparing for future battlefields: The Next Generation Combat Vehicle
- ^ "Aviation CoE - (its CDID)". Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ Matthew Murch, Futures and Concepts Center (30 Jan 2023) Fires CDID: Supporting war-winning future readiness
- ^ "Fires CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab)". Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ a b Col. Yi Se Gwon, Fort Sill Fires Bulletin (September–October 2018) The Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center
- ^ a b Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center (16 July 2019) Target Mensuration Only TMO
- ^ a b Maj. Anthony Clas, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division Public Affairs: (SEPTEMBER 4, 2019) Target Mensuration course: Bulldog Brigade trains target acquisition with precision Target Mensuration Only (TMO) Including TMO in a unit training plan
- ^ Mitch Meador, Fort Sill Tribune (August 27, 2020) Lawton Fort Sill welcomes 'Fires Five,' families
- DOTMLPF-P formulated at Fort Sill—Mitch Meador, Fort Sill Tribune (August 13, 2020) Ceremony recognizes new Air Defense Artillery capability manager
- ^ Karen Flowers, Fort Sill Tribune (4 September 2020) Air defense Army Capability Manager gets new director
- ^ Intelligence CoE - no information on its CDID
- ^ "Maneuver Support CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Sustainment CoE CDID not found[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b APG Guide (12 January 2019) Aberdeen Proving Ground 2019 Your road map to the 'Home of Innovation' with more than 90 tenant organizations
- ^ PEO Command Control Communications - Tactical (PEO C3T) (12 September 2018) ASA(ALT) MilDep talks APG's role in Futures Command Paul Ostrowski is PMILDEP to ASA(ALT)
- ^ a b c Argie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC HQ Public Affairs (31 January 2019) RDECOM transitions to Army Futures Command
- ^ a b Suits, Devon L. (22 August 2019), Army showcases new electronic warfare tech, Army News Service
- ^ Caitlin O'Neill, PM PNT staff writer (17 November 2017) Army's PNT programs transition to PEO IEW&S
- ^ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (19 November 2019) C5ISR Center hosts CCDC commander for town hall, lab tours "a renewed emphasis on collaboration across CCDC's eight research centers"
- ^ Andrew Eversden (25 Oct 2021) Army Seeks 'Cutting Edge' Network-Aided PNT Technologies For Battle
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (1 Nov 2021) Sandia's Atomic 'Avocado' Could Allow GPS-Free PNT
- ^ Tobias Naegele (27 Nov 2022) Q&A: The New Chief of Space Operations on Empowering the Force "one B-2 hits 80 independent targets because of GPS".—Gen. B.Chance Saltzman, Space Force
- ^ RCCTO is located in Huntsville (26 August 2019): RCCTO- About us
- Tolson, Amy (10 December 2019), CCDC commanding general pays first visit to Aviation, Missile Center, Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs
- Lee Roop (17 Sep 2019) Lockheed Martin opens plant to test hypersonics in Alabama
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (23 August 2019) Soldiers 'at the heart of' modernizing warfighter gear
- ^ Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (25 February 2019) Army-funded researcher wins Nobel Prize
- ^ Argie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC (21 August 2019) Army develops cold spray technology to repair Bradley gun mounts
- ^ Army Research Laboratory (ARL) "Army releases top 10 list of coolest science, technology advances". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ LATechdigest.com (15 April 2016) US Army Research Lab Opens at USC ICT in Playa Vista Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (8 August 2014) Pentagon Struggles To Get Small-Biz Tech: FCS misuse of OTA, other acquisition issues.
- ^ Dan Lamothe Washington Post (2018-07-12) Army to unveil details about new Futures Command in biggest reorganization in 45 years
- ^ Thomas E. Ricks (MARCH 2, 2015)Why hasn't the Army's regular acquisition process produced anything in decades? --Future of War conference.
- ^ Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard Army.mil (6 September 2018) Safer, smarter, faster: An interview with Gen. James McConville
- ^ "US edge has eroded to a dangerous degree"
- ^ "US Army Futures Command to reform modernization, says secretary of the Army". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ AUSA 2018 CMF #1: Army Futures Command Unifies Force Modernization DVIDS video of panelists Gen. Murray, Sec. McCarthy, Dr. Jette, and Trae Stephens
- ^ Trae Stephens (6 Jun 2022) Rebooting the arsenal of democracy 4 principles for the new defense companies
- ^ a b c Federal News Radio Army has picked a location for its new Futures Command, but now comes the hard part
- ^ Association of the United States Army (AUSA): Scott R. Gourley (Friday, 13 January 2017) CLOSING THE CAPABILITIES GAP: SEVEN THINGS THE ARMY NEEDS FOR A WINNING FUTURE
- ^ a b United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) Report: GAO-17-457 (Jun 2017) ARMY CONTRACTING Leadership Lacks Information Needed to Evaluate and Improve Operations
- ^ Bruce Jette, Building the Army of the future
- ^ Hannah Wiley (6 April 2018) Program cuts likely under Army secretary's new Futures Command
- ^ Jen Judson (17 July 2018) US Army asks Congress to shift millions in FY18 dollars. What's behind the request?
- ^ a b David Vergun (5 September 2018) Richardson confirmed as Futures Command deputy commander
- ^ FY2021 budget request: Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (13 February 2020) Army budget request eyes $2B boost for modernization
- $10.6 billion for modernization in 2021 request, up from $8.5 billion in 2020
- LRPF: $1700 million
- FVL: $514 million
- OMFV: $328 million
- MPF: $135 million
- LTAMDS: $376 million
- IFPC $236 million
- $10.6 billion for modernization in 2021 request, up from $8.5 billion in 2020
- ^ a b c Todd South, Military Times (8 May 2019) 4 things the general in charge of the Army's newest command says are needed to win the wars of the future
- ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (7 February 2020) Vice chief of staff: Speed of modernization no longer at 'glacial pace'
- ^ Kern Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) 2004
- ^ Ed Worley (1 October 2018) Two contracting centers achieve full operational capability
- ^ Jon Harper (3 April 2020) COVID-19 NEWS: Army Trying to Mitigate Disruptions for Top Modernization Programs
- Devon Suits, Army News Service (7 April 2020) Army looks to keep critical modernization programs on schedule "800 acquisition, logistics, and technology-related programs and nearly 35 key modernization priorities"
- Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (23 April 2020) COVID-19 Won't Slow New Army Weapons: McCarthy, Murray, Jette Subcontractors are holding to their schedules when making up for COVID-19 shutdowns
- ^ Mission Command Center of Excellence (MCCoE)
- ^ a b c d Connie Lee (3/26/2019) NEWS FROM AUSA GLOBAL: Army Fleshing Out Updated Modernization Strategy
- ^ "Lauren C. Williams (21 Aug 2018) PEO structure survives Army Futures reorg, for now". Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
- ^ Sydney Freeberg (6 September 2018) 'A Little Bit Disruptive': Murray & McCarthy On Army Futures Command
- ^ Acqnote AcqNotes (17 Jan 2017) Other Transaction Authority (OTA) Guide – 17 Jan 2017
- ^ Paul McCleary (31 December 2018) Amidst Turmoil, Pentagon Persists On Acquisition Reform: Ellen Lord
- ^ Mr. Kinsey Kiriakos (ASA (ALT)) (20 November 2019) Army Acquisition Leaders Must "Speak Truth To Power" MTA and OTA
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (27 Feb 2023) Rapid updates, flexible authorities key for modern combat, says Army acquisition chief Use DOD Instruction 5000.87 for Software Pathway (SWP) acquisition process, under middle tier acquisition authority.
- ^ Jen Judson (10 Oct 2018) Army in final stages of hashing out Stryker lethality requirements at an AROC council in January 2019
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 December 2018) Army Bradley Brigade Will Get Israeli Anti-Missile System: Iron Fist
- ^ Lt. Gen. John M. Murray, deputy chief of staff, G-8 (8 September 2016) Modernization vital to joint force success
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 August 2018) Can Army Futures Command Overcome Decades Of Dysfunction?
- ^ HQ Dept of the Army (22 July 2011) Army Acquisition Policy Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Army Regulation 70–1
- ^ Devon L. Suits (19 September 2018) New G-8 embraces streamlining tech acquisition
- ^ Jen Judson (26 March 2018) The next Army program executive office will be the Rapid Capabilities Office
- ^ Jen Judson (7 Oct 2018) Army Rapid Capabilities Office realigned to focus on top modernization priorities
- ^ RCO RCCTO (2019) Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office
- ^ Army Futures Command "Long Range Precision Fires CFT". Army Futures Command. U.S. Army. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command (1 June 2022) Army programs promote strength, agility of Long Range Precision Fires
- ^ Jen Judson (23 May 2022) US Army terminates Strategic Long-Range Cannon science and technology effort
- ^ a b c d e Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service. (updated 23 May 2022) The U.S. Army's Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) Report IF11991, with references to related reports
- ^ Frank Wolfe (27 Feb 2023) U.S. Army to Field First Long Range Hypersonic Weapon Battery This Fall, Wormuth Says
- ^ a b Emre Kelly, Florida Today (6 Mar 2023) Department of Defense scrubs hypersonic missile test at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (6 November 2020) Army Picks Tomahawk & SM-6 For Mid-Range Missiles Tomahawk (missile) and SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM)
- ^ Feickert, Andrew (16 March 2021). "U.S. Army Long-Range Precision Fires: Background and Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Emma Helfrich (6 Dec 2022) First Land-Based Tomahawk And SM-6 Launcher Delivered To Army RCCTO
- ^ Theresa Hitchens "ABMS Demo Proves AI Chops For C2", breakingdefense.com, 3 September 2020
- ^ Dan Gouré (2 Dec 2020) Army's Newest Long-Range Fires System Isn't New, But It Will Be Effective
- ^ Tim Lister and Oren Liebermann, CNN (14 Jul 2022) Ukraine's new US rockets are causing fresh problems for Russia
- ^ Todd South (20 Aug 2020) Army missile defenders defeat cruise and ballistic missiles nearly simultaneously The test created terabytes of data to be queried.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (22 Mar 2021) Army Missiles, Missile Defense Race Budget Crunch To 2023
- ^ a b Caitlin O'Neill, APNT CFT Public Affairs (23 August 2019) APNT CFT Hosts First Annual Assessment Exercise
- ^ a b c Todd South (11 Mar 2020) The Army is 'making artillery great again' Press conference.
- ^ Ben Wolfgang (22 Dec 2020) Army's long-range cannon hits target 43 miles away
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 December 2019) Direct Hit: Army Test-Fires Lockheed Precision Strike Missile EXCLUSIVE
- ^ Todd South (20 Sep 2022) Army missile teams will add robots and multi-payload rockets —Hunter Blackwell, CCDC Aviation and Missile Center (AvMC)
- ^ US Army AvMC (16 Jun 2021) Video: Autonomous missile launcher destroys enemy threats AvMC concept video —autonomous multi-domain launcher (AML): Jen Judson (16 Jun 2021) US Army fires autonomous launcher in Pacific-focused demo AML demo at Fort Sill utilized a HIMARS launcher and the AML
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (22 Aug 2023) Army successfully fires Tomahawk missiles from MRC system 1st MDTF, Navy PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons Office
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 Mar 2021) Joint World Warms Up To Army Long-Range Missiles Capabilities of MDTF
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 May 2021) Army Discloses Hypersonic LRHW Range Of 1,725 Miles; Watch Out China
- ^ Defense Updates U.S ARMY's EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY CREATES WORLD RECORD | HITS TARGET AT 43 MILES or 70 KM !
- ^ David Vergun, Army News Service (13 September 2018) Cross-functional teams already producing results, says Futures Command general, House Armed Services Sub-committee hearing, 13 September 2018
- ^ a b Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office (20 September 2018) Army doubles cannon range in prototype demo
- ^ Defense updates (14 Dec 2018) EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY OF U S ARMY- FULL ANALYSIS 5:00 clip. XM1113 shell and XM657 propellant on XM907
- ^ a b c Freedberg Jr., Sydney J. (6 March 2020), "New Army Cannon Doubles Range; Ramjet Ammo May Be Next", Breaking Defense
- ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (21 Oct 2020) LRPF: Army Missiles, Cannon Face Big Tests In '21
- ^ US Army (27 May 2020) Excalibur Round Precision Hit From 65 kilometers at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground
- ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (8 May 2019) Army demonstrates extended ranges for precision munitions
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (16 Apr 2021) ERCA: Army Contracts To Help New Cannon 'Fire Faster'
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 January 2020) Artillery Seeks Robot Ammo Haulers Field Artillery Autonomous Resupply
- ^ Paul McLeary (19 July 2019) Army Readies Long-Range Missile Tests—Post INF
- ^ a b David Sanger and Edward Wong The New York Times (2 August 2019) US ends cold war missile treaty, to counter arms buildup by China. p.A7
- ROBERT BURNS AND LOLITA C. BALDOR Associated Press (19 August 2019) Pentagon conducts first test of previously banned missile Archived 20 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Paul McCleary (12 Dec 2019) US Busts INF Wall With Ballistic Missile, Puts Putin & Xi On Notice
- ^ NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020 Senate report 116-48
- H.R.2500 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
- Nicole Ogrysko (20 December 2019 10:35 pm ) Trump signs shutdown-averting spending bills, makes federal pay raise law The signing occurred in time on that day, which avoided the 11:59pm shutdown trigger
- AMANDA_M_MACIAS (DEC 20, 2019) Trump signs $738 billion defense bill. Here's what the Pentagon is poised to get
- ^ Brendan Deveraux (28 Jan 2022) WHY INTERMEDIATE-RANGE MISSILES ARE A FOCAL POINT IN THE UKRAINE CRISIS
- ^ Jen Judson (25 Mar 2020) Raytheon exits precision strike missile competition
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 Mar 2020) PRSM: Lockheed Long-Range Missile Passes Short-Range Stress Test 3 layers of LRPF are scheduled to enter service in limited numbers in 2023; also explains its relationship to Future vertical lift (FVL) and Mobile & expeditionary network
- ^ Andrew Eversden (1 October 2021) Lockheed Martin's Precision Strike Missile Enters Next Phase with Army
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 Apr 2020) Army: Lockheed PrSM Missile Aces Third Flight Test
- 2023 goal is to deliver 30 PrSMs with 500 km range
- 2025 goal is to use multi-mode seekers against moving targets
- Use open architecture to allow multiple vendors to offer upgrades
- Provide extended range (beyond 650-700 km) within the existing HIMARS MLRS form factor
- ^ Andrew Eversden (3 May 2027) The Army could get its next-gen Precision Strike Missiles in FY27
- ^ Ashley Rocque (20 Apr 2023) Here are 3 future missiles INDOPACOM says it needs to challenge China
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (08 September 2020) Army Seeks New Mid-Range Missile Prototype By 2023 1000 mile missile needed.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 October 2020) Army Asks Hill For New Mid-Range Missile $$$ ASAP: Thurgood Fund the Mid-Range Capability (MRC) with 2020 Above Threshold Reprogramming (ATR).
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 October 2020) China, Russia Threats To Drive What Army Keeps & Cuts: Gen. Murray TRAC needs to produce its reports in 3 months or faster.
- ^ Loren Thompson (12 Apr 2021) Air Power Advocates Are Attacking Army Long-Range Strike Plans. Here's Why They're Wrong.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 October 2020) DARPA's Hypersonic OpFires Aims For Army 1,000-Mile Missile
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 November 2018) Beyond INF: Countering Russia, Countering China (Analysis)
- ^ a b Mike Stone (13 Jul 2022) U.S. successfully tests pair of Lockheed hypersonic missiles
- ^ John Vandiver (18 Jul 2022) DARPA scores success with hypersonic missile launch from Marine Corps truck
- ^ a b Ryan Pickrell (5 June 2019) The US Army says it will have hypersonic missiles and laser weapons ready for combat in less than 4 years
- ^ Bill Greenwalt (13 Dec 2021) New defense budget commission could be last hope for fixing DoD spending.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 September 2019) Congress' Budget Gridlock Threatens Army Hypersonics G8 is posing a heuristic to get beyond delay in NDAA (national defense authorization act) for 2020 (get Army funding by calendar year-end)
- Jacob Pramuk (27 Sep 2019) Trump signs spending bill to avoid another government shutdown CR funds the government until 21 Nov 2019
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (28 Feb 2020) Army Ramps Up Funding For Laser Shield, Hypersonic Sword In FY2021 HELs funding is up 209 percent; LRHW funding is up 86 percent. RCCTO spending is $1 billion in 2021.
- ^ Corey Dickstein (3 March 2020) Army to fire two hypersonic test shots this year, McCarthy says
- ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) (12 February 2020) Virtual Reality helps Soldiers shape Army hypersonic weapon prototype LRHW
- ^ Nathan Strout (29 Apr 2022) Army Futures Command learning from Russia's invasion of Ukraine Satellite "sensors also need to be better integrated with Army systems, to the point that satellite data can be downlinked directly to the battlefield".—Willie Nelson, Deputy Asst Sec Army
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (26 January 2018) $86,000 + 5,600 MPH = Hyper Velocity Missile Defense
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 September 2020) Target Gone In 20 Seconds: Army Sensor-Shooter Test
- ^ Matthew Cox (5 Aug 2020) Army to Speed Up Testing of Planned Hypersonic Missile
- ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (16 February 2021) Speeding ahead: Hypersonics team stays on track to deliver despite pandemic
- ^ Theresa Hitchens "'Confident' Of 2023 Fielding Goal, Army Dubs Hypersonic Weapon 'Dark Eagle'", breakingdefense.com, 11 August 2021
- ^ a b c Andrew Eversden (15 Oct 2021) First Live Hypersonic Missile Rounds To Be Delivered to Army Unit Next Year
- ^ Patrick Tucker (21 Oct 2022) The Military's Network Warfare Experiment Scaled Up This Year
- ^ 1st Lt. Richard Parlato (30 March 2023) 1st Multi-Domain Task Force Deploys the Army’s First Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon System
- ^ PEO C3T 30 May 2018
- ^ a b Justin Eimers, PEO C3T (3 October 2018) Network Cross-Functional Team, acquisition partners experimenting to modernize tactical network In 2018 MG Bassett became (Program Executive Office Command Control Communications-Tactical) PEO C3T)
- ^ a b Colin Demarest (28 Apr 2022) US Army wraps review of 'future battlespace' network tools
- ^ a b c d PEO C3T (2018) Integrated Tactical Network "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"
- ^ a b PEO C3T Peo3ct.Army.mil (2021) Networking the Soldier ARMY NETWORK CAPABILITY SET MODERNIZATION. 18 pp
- ^ Walker, Gleason, and Ayer Peo3ct (7 Jul 2021) Global network super highway postures Army for multi-domain operations Global Agile Integrated Transport (GAIT) is a network design: RHN regional hub network, DoD Teleport Sites, 150 Gait points of presence (POPs)
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (18 November 2019) New Army Network 'A Revolution' For Airborne: Commander ITN full brigade Network equipment: PEO slide showing connectivity from BCT command post, down to Fire Team leaders cell phones; use each soldiers' IVAS goggles to locate each paratrooper
- ^ a b c Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (19 November 2019) The Army's tactical network empowers advanced goggle platform IVAS is under STP 2-- "In July 2020, STP 3 will fully integrate the ITN with IVAS"
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
initialIvas
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jared Serbu (24 August 2018) Army experimenting with SOF-tested equipment while building long-term tactical network plan
- ^ U.S. Army PEO C3T (30 April 2019) Profile: Program Executive Office for Command, Control and Communications-Tactical (PEO C3T)
- ^ a b Mark Pomerleau (1 April 2019) How the Army will sustain its tactical network of the future ITN to take advantage of Tobyhanna depot. 5-3-1 model
- ^ Mark Pomerleau (21 Jan 2020) What a deployment to the Middle East means for testing a new Army network An operational deployment begun 1 Jan 2020, which won't be instrumented, will provide some Soldier feedback, but instrumented testing is deferred until after redeployment.
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (25 October 2018) Interoperability a key focus in building the Army's future network
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (3 April 2019) Multi-Domain Networks: The Army, The Allies & AI: Incremental ITN Capability sets '21, '23, '25
- ^ a b Claire Heininger and Amy Walker (26 Apr 2022) 'The backbone of everything we do:' Army advances new communications network baseline
- ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (21 June 2019) New tech, accessibility to improve Army tactical networks
- ^ Amy Walker, PEO C3T (18 June 2019) Modernizing the Network
- ^ Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (22 July 2019) CCDC's road map to modernizing the Army: the network 4th in a series
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (29 August 2019) The Fraying Edge: Limits Of The Army's Global Network
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 August 2019) Uncle Sam Wants YOU To Compete For Army Network Upgrade: CS 21 Multiple Expeditionary Signal Battalion – Enhanced (ESB-E) network hardware sets are being fielded simultaneously to individual companies in the 50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion of 35th Signal Brigade/82nd Airborne Division in 2020, to allow maximum testing.
- ^ Amy Walker, PM Tactical Network, PEO C3T (4 December 2019) Global network design unifies Army modernization efforts GAIT: worldwide network mesh—CS21
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (21 Sep 2020) 'Improvised Mode': The Army Network Evolves In Project Convergence used a mesh network—50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion—Enhanced (ESB-E) was able to improvise a MEO satellite link in June 2020, to complete the link from JBLM to YPG
- ^ Thomas Spoehr (13 November 2020) Project Convergence: Its Success Could Draw Army Astray Risks-- Opfor, Allies & Joint participation, EW jamming, PrSM launches, JADC2, Joint Forces command is a cautionary example.
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (12 February 2021) Army scales up joint capabilities as Project Convergence grows
- ^ a b c Andrew Eversden (15 Oct 2020) US Army's tactical network team tests new unified data fabric in Yuma
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 Nov 2020) Project Rainmaker: Army Weaves 'Data Fabric' To Link Joint Networks CCDC C5ISR built Project Rainmaker to weave together a data fabric which is foundational to JADC2
- ^ FY19 Army Programs (2018) Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A) capability drop 1, 2018
- ^ Andrew Eversden (6 Oct 2021) Army Awards Palantir $823M Contract For Enterprise 'Data Fabric' DCGS-A Distributed Common Ground Systems-Army capability drop 2
- ^ Claire Heninger and US Army (29 Oct 2021) Bridging the gap: Army weaves data fabric at Project Convergence 21
- ^ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (17 October 2018) New players bring novel approaches to the Army's network modernization goals
- ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office (8 November 2018) Cutting through the noise: Army, industry work together to speed up signal detection
- ^ Sydney J. FREEDBERG JR. (19 November 2018) Can Army Afford The Electronic Warfare Force It Wants?
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 May 2021) Paratroopers Pioneer New Army Network, Tactics HMS Manpack and Leader radios, ITN CS '21, can use variable height antenna drones, MUOS constellation: for tactical satellite communications —Andrew Eversden (24 Sep 2021) Army Drops Nearly $350M For New Radios After Two Years of Testing
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (4 May 2021) Army Network Upgrade Seeks Fast Data For JADC2
- ^ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (25 January 2022)Army's integrated network rolls on with Stryker vehicles
- ^ Jaspreet Gil (10 Jun 2022) Army CIO: FY23 is 'year of inflection' for digital transformation CIO Raj Iyer: "Iyer said that the overall budget is 'almost flat' going from FY22 to FY23".
- ^ Colin Demarest (1 Apr 2022) US Army picks L3Harris and Thales for radio modernization replaces SINCGARS
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (2 Aug 2022) In Army, worry follows Senators' proposed cuts to network, comms upgrades: Official Cuts to CS'23 layer will affect upcoming CS'25 capability
- ^ Andrew Eversden (9 Jun 2021) Army says 2025 tactical network will make JADC2 a reality
- ^ Andrew Eversden (29 Sep 2021) New Army Pilot Program To Test Armored Brigade Mobile Communications N-CFT and PEO C3T are cooperating on CS'25, using 12 M1068 mobile command posts as test vehicles.
- ^ Amy Walker, Project Manager Tactical Network, PEO C3T, public affairs (20 December 2022) Future operating environment, strategic need fuel Army's network design goals CS'25, CS'27 goals for Army of 2030
- ^ a b Colin Demarest (16 May 2023) US Army preps for fresh mobile communications experiment
- ^ Brad Williams (21 Sep 2021) DoD Spending On JADC2 Jumps, With Increased Focus On Interoperability: Report a cautionary note on stovepiped systems —Billy Fabian
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (11 Aug 2021) JROC's Next Target: 'Integrated Air & Missile Defense' IAMD will eventually be subject to a JROC capability review —John Hyten. JADC2 will thus have to be harmonized with IAMD.
- ^ a b c d e Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (5 May 2023) Keep moving or die: Army will overhaul network for rapid maneuver in big wars "The Army has nixed future 'Capability Set' upgrade packages for brigade networks in favor of smaller, more frequent updates, with the most complex technology reserved for division and corps HQs".
- ^ a b Andrew Eversden (23 Sep 2021) Top Army General: Network Modernization 'Never Going To Stop'
- ^ CIO and G-6 (8 Oct 2021) The Army Unified Network Plan: ENABLING MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS
- ^ Ellen Summey, PEO EIS (1 July 2019) Army Leader Dashboard, creating insight-driven decisions
- ^ Lizette Chapman (13 December 2019) Palantir Wins New Pentagon Deal With $111 Million From the Army HR, supply chain, et al.
- ^ Billy Mitchell (DEC 26, 2019) Inside Palantir's support of the Army's massive data problem
- ^ Capt. Matthew Visser (30 Jul 2022) Reinventing Modern Deployment: Soldiers leverage Army Vantage to make data-driven decisions
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (29 July 2020) Army Future Ops Depend On Cloud – But Not On JEDI
- ^ Kelsey Atherton (7 August 2020) Pentagon Code Library Will Support Multiple Clouds
- ^ U.S. Army Public Affairs U(3 June 2020) Two Army Installations selected for 5G testing and experimentation
- ^ Andrew Eversden (15 Dec 2021) Tactical cloud coming to Army's Multi-Domain Task Forces in 2022
- ^ AARON MAK (MAY 12, 2019) Report: Missile System and Surveillance Plane Funding Will Go Towards the Border Wall slate.com
- Paul McCleary (4 September 2019) Border Wall Money Taken From Alaska Missile Interceptors, Shipyards & More breakingdefense.com lists some of the affected projects
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 September 2019) Will Trump's Wall Mean a Delay in Defense Funding? breakingdefense.com $3.6 billion shift
- MATTHEW CHOI (09/16/2019) Pentagon puts brakes on 3 border barrier projects because of cost reverses $2.5 billion that would have been cut from missile defense allocation, Fort Knox middle school, etc.
- Eleanor Watson Senate votes to kill national emergency declaration along southern border, CBS News, 25 September 2019
- Li Zhou (26 Sep 2019) Congress just made moves to narrowly avert another government shutdown Continuing resolution (CR) funds until mid-November
- JENNIFER SCHOLTES (10/17/2019) Senate fails to override Trump on border wall emergency
- ^ Jason Cutshaw (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (22 March 2019) Army's senior air defender talks future of air, missile defense
- ^ a b c d Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (13 March 2019) FY20 budget to boost air & missile defense
- ^ Justin Katz (26 Apr 2022) Lockheed sending first five A4 radars to Army next month "Army's Q-53 counterfire target acquisition radar and the Air Force's new long-range radar" 2023 delivery
- ^ Jen Judson (27 Apr 2022) US Army plan to replace Patriot interceptors gets a jolt in FY23 budget request Budget request for FY2023: Abbreviated Concept Development Document (ACDD) in FY24. Down select: 2QFY2023–4QFY2025. Concept Development Document by 1QFY24. Rapid capability development phase begins 1QFY25.
- ^ Jen Judson (18 Jul 2022) Pentagon plan for homeland cruise missile defense taking shape
- ^ Ashish Dangwal (25 Sep 2023) Patriot Missile: Another Country In Chinas Backyard Could Get US Defense System As Tensions Mount With Beijing
- ^ a b Jen Judson "Dynetics-Lockheed team beats out Raytheon to build 100-kilowatt laser weapon". Defense News. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Ashley Rocque (20 Jul 2023) Lockheed secures $221M Army deal for high-powered air defense laser prototype IFPC-HEL to work with IFPC Inc 2, to integrate with [Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense] AIAMD
- ^ Sydney J Freedberg (5 August 2019) New Army Laser Could Kill Cruise Missiles Demonstrator lasers in test 2023, with fielding in 2024
- ^ a b Claire Heininger, U.S. Army (1 August 2019) Army awards laser weapon system contract RCCTO has awarded Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract 26 July 2019 for $203 million to two subcontractors, for prototype high energy lasers (HELs) for MSHORAD
- ^ Daniel Wasserbly (14 October 2019) AUSA 2019: Lockheed Martin weighs options for achieving a 250-300 kW air-defence laser Addresses IFPC requirements
- ^ Joe Lacdan (22 October 2018) Army to fuse laser technology onto air defense system
- ^ Sydney J Freedberg (17 Sep 2020) Lockheed Aims For Laser On Fighter By 2025
- ^ Jen Judson (11 Oct 2018) Army nearing strategy on way ahead for Indirect Fire Protection Capability
- ^ a b Sydney J Freedberg Jr.Iron Dome Doesn't Work For Army: Gen. Murray: Interoperability with IBCS is critical, breakingdefense.com, 5 March 2020
- ^ Anna Ahronheim (9 MARCH 2020) US Army: Iron Dome cannot be integrated into our air defense systems: Iron Dome offers 12 launchers, two sensors, two battle management centers and 240 interceptors, but US Army's IAMD needs access to Iron Dome Source Code for interoperability w/ IFPC, IBCS
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (9 March 2020) New Missiles Must Work With IBCS Network: Bruce Jette (Exclusive) Each shooter must accept targeting data and firing commands from IBCS, at brassboard level at least
- ^ Jen Judson (24 Aug 2021) Here's who the US Army has tapped to build an enduring capability to counter drones and cruise missiles defensenews.com
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 Apr 2021) Army Fields First Anti-Aircraft Strykers In Just 3 Years breakingdefense.com
- ^ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (2 July 2019) Army rebuilding short-range air defense Manpad training for 19K MOS using synthetic training environment (STE)
- ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest (10 Aug 2021) Army advances first laser weapon through Combat Shoot-Off Soldier-centered design
- ^ Jared Keller (12 Aug 2021) The Army's first laser weapon is almost ready for a fight
- ^ Kris Osborn (1 Feb 2023) Army Strykers Destroy Attacking Drones & Mortars With 50kw Laser
- ^ Sputnik (25 Jan 2023) US Reaches Key Milestone On Laser Air Defense; Lockheed Martin Confirms DEIMOS Demonstration Success 50kW laser
- ^ Andrew Eversden (26 Oct 2021) Army Awards Laser Weapon Contract To Boeing, General Atomics Team
- ^ MG John George "CCDC's Road Map to Modernizing the Army: Soldier lethality". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021. Sixth in a series
- ^ Argie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC Public Affairs (29 March 2019) CCDC technology to increase Soldier readiness in multi-domain operations: capabilities by 2023
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ndaa2020Cuts
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Robert Purtiman (21 September 2018) Lethality Cross-Functional Team bringing next generation technologies to Soldiers ENVG-B, Next Generation Squad Weapons, and the Adaptive Soldier Architecture
- ^ a b Bridgett Siter, Communications Director, Soldier Lethality CFT (10 September 2019) Soldier Lethality team delivers first big win for AFC Enhanced night vision goggle - binocular (ENVG-B) significantly aids marksmanship by the Close Combat Force
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (16 September 2019) Army Issues Next-Gen Targeting Goggles Freedberg's commentary on ENVG-B—Targeting goggles for infantrymen
- ^ Alexander Gago (8 Aug 2022) Close Combat Lethality Task Force hosts Artificial Intelligence for Small Unit Maneuver working group
- ^ David Vergun (8 October 2018) Next-generation squad weapon to be very capable, lethal, says Army chief of staff
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 June 2019) Army Buys 9,000 Mini-Drones, Rethinks Ground Robots
- ^ Andrew Eversden (11 Mar 2022) Congress puts $349M for IVAS 'on hold,' but Army sees major boost to counter drones FLRAA, JLTVs, and Strykers got an increase, as well as the 6 modernization priorities.
- ^ Ashley Roque (27 Dec 2022) With war in Europe, us Army replenished weapons, pushed modernization: 2022 in Review IVAS 1.2 sought
- ^ "Army to field new night vision goggles". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ AFC (21 Nov 2019) Soldier feedback driving Army modernization used 10 soldier touchpoints
- ^ Todd South (11 Oct 2021) This Army program prevented disease outbreak in a unit deploying to Afghanistan MASTR-E —Measuring and Advancing Soldier Tactical Readiness and Effectiveness
- ^ Joe Lacdan (3 June 2019) Army testing synthetic training environment platforms Reconfigurable Virtual Collective Trainer-Air (RVCT-A), -Ground (RVCT-G), and 3-D terrain database (One World)
- ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (22 March 2018) Synthetic training environment to enhance Soldier lethality
- Combined Arms Center Synthetic Training Environment (STE) White Paper Combined Arms Center - Training (CAC-T)
- Lt. Col. Damon "DJ" Durall, Synthetic Training Environment Cross-Functional Team (26 September 2018) Synthetic Training Environment and the digital revolution in the Army
- ^ US Army "One World Terrain to allow Soldiers to train anywhere". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ The Army Strategy 2018
- ^ Insinna, Valerie; Kahwaji, Riad; "Let The (War) Games Begin: Army Buying High-Tech Training Sims". Breaking Defense. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 October 2019) Special Ops Using Army's Prototype 3D Maps On Missions: Gervais
- ^ Yasmin Tadjdeh (1 Dec 2020) I/ITSEC NEWS: Army Accelerates Synthetic Training Environment Development
- Jennifer McArdle & Caitlin Dohrman (3 Dec 2020) THE NEXT SIMNET? UNLOCKING THE FUTURE OF MILITARY READINESS THROUGH SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS Applying STE capability "requires organizational change and vision".
- ^ a b c Scott McKean (14 Jul 2021) AFC Pamphlet 71-20-9 Army Futures Command Concept for Command and Control - Pursuing decision dominance AFCC-C2 is the future communications network. 14 Jul 2021 see: FUTURES AND CONCEPTS CENTER resources
- ^ a b c McLeary, Paul (16 April 2019). "Esper: Chinook & JLTV 'Designed For a Different Conflict'". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ Joe Lacdan (25 September 2019) More joint efforts likely as the Army prepares for multi-domain operations A speedup in tempo, as driven by the CFTs is needed, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley
- ^ "Clearly define roles, responsibilities and processes in order to identify the right efforts and get ahead of need." —William B King (AMC) (18 February 2020) Conference focuses on Army modernization, equipping Soldiers Equipping Enterprise (AMC) + Modernization Enterprise (AFC)
- ^ a b Phil Fountain, U.S. Army Futures Command (7 August 2019) Army Futures Command charts a campaign plan No uniforms
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (14 Oct 2020) Army Seeks Open Architecture For All Air & Ground Systems: Jette In the spirit of MOSA, JADC2, & Project convergence:
- Army Common Operating Environment (COE)
- C5ISR/EW Modular Open Suite of Standards (CMOSS)
- Future Air-Borne Capability Environment (FACE)
- Integrated Sensor Architecture (ISA)
- Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA)
- Vehicle Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY)
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (13 Nov 2020) QinetiQ Delivers Armed Scout Robot To Army: RCV-L uses UGV Interoperability Profile
- ^ Katherine Spivey and Wendy Wagner-Smith (19 May 2021) Positioning Yourself as a Plain Language Editor
- ^ Headquarters, Department of the Army (1 October 2022) FM 3-0 OPERATIONS 280 pages
- ^ AUSA 2022 (10 Oct 2022) AUSA Contemporary Military Forum: Army 2030 - Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Fight Office of the Chief of Public Affairs
- ^ Breaking Defense A series on: Army Strategic Fires
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (28 May 2019) Beyond INF: An Affordable Arsenal Of Long-Range Missiles? INF Treaty likely to expire in August 2019
- ^ Loren Thompson (7 Aug 2020) Army breakthroughs in Long-range fires raise novel questions about targeting, organization, and command about SLRC, a long-barrelled cannon which uses GPS-guided munitions
- ^ Matthew Cox (14 September 2018) The Army is developing a new strategic cannon to devastate targets over 1,000 miles away
- ^ a b Sean Gallagher (10/15/2019) Bringing in the big gun: Army paves way for "strategic cannon"
- Defense Updates (4 Feb 2019) U.S ARMY'S SUPER GUN - STRATEGIC LONG RANGE CANNON (SLRC) Smaller GPS-enabled shells.
- ^ Eric Kowal (August 27, 2020) By Improving Artillery Shells, Picatinny Engineers Seek to Greatly Extend Range of Cannon Artillery
- ^ Richard P. Hansen, Scranton Army Ammunition Plant (August 19, 2020) Scranton Army Ammunition Plant Manufactures and Ships Large-Caliber Ammunition Metal Parts
- ^ Monica K. Guthrie, LRPF communications director (9 October 2019) Army Futures Command gains new general
- ^ Daniel Cebul (8 Oct 2018) Army looks to a future of integrated fire
- ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (24 October 2019) TITAN system being developed to tie 'deep sensing' to long-range fires For use in I2CEWS battalion of a Multi-domain task force
- ^ Sandra Erwin (19 April 2021) U.S. Army approves plans for a future 'tactical space layer' "tactical space layer will be integrated with an existing ground station called Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node (TITAN)"
- ^ Todd South (14 Jul 2021) Tanks are here to stay: What the Army's future armored fleet will look like
- ^ Mark Gardiner The New York Times (Friday 21 Sep 2018) p.B4
- ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (4 June 2020) Small robotic mule, other unmanned ground systems on the horizon
- ^ a b c Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (11 July 2019) Soldiers to operate armed robotic vehicles from upgraded Bradleys (Mission Enabler Technologies-Demonstrators, or MET-Ds)
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (14 October 2019) Army Robots Go Rolling Along – Ahead Of Schedule Robotic combat vehicles in "Four Years, Three Phases, Three Weight Classes"
- ^ Mandy Mayfield (2 Oct 2020) Army Puts Robotic Combat Vehicles Through Paces
- ^ USACE (6 Oct 2020) Future Combined Arms Breaching Technology to be highlighted at AUSA 2020
- ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs (10.13.2020) AUSA 2020 Warriors Corner - Future Combined Arms Breaching Enabled by Technology
- ^ Daniel Lafontaine, CCDC (21 May 2019) Army Futures leveraging mission command for effective Soldier, robot teams
- ^ Devon L. Suits (26 July 2018) CERDEC unveils more than a dozen new technologies for mission command CPCE COE MCE
- ^ Maj. Rich Marsh, Joint Modernization Command (14 February 2019) JMC sets the stage for largest annual modernization exercise
- ^ Jen Judson (9 October 2018) The Army's future tank may not be a tank Buy back size, weight, and power
- ^ Economist.com (12 Sep 2020) Tanks have rarely been more vulnerable Taiwan would have an advantage defending.
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (11 September 2019) Titan Robot Test-Fires Javelin Anti-Tank Missile Remote-controlled test-fires of FGM-148 Javelin antitank missiles from unmanned ground vehicle
- ^ David Miller (20 August 2020) The Future of Unmanned Ground Systems in the Operational Environment names 7 countries using UGSs
- ^ NANCY JONES-BONBREST (16 July 2020) ARMY AWARDS CONTRACT FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC PROTOTYPE
- ^ Jen Judson (17 Mar 2020) US Army ventures down path to electrify the brigade
- ^ Major Matthew Wood (Nov 2019) The Future of Hybrid and Electric Technology for Army Archived 23 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine Australian Defence Force
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (8 April 2020) New TRISO Nuclear Mini-Reactors Will Be Safe: Program Manager DoD project: 3 competing designs (1-year contracts, with a possible 1 year follow-on) for 1 prototype of an inherently safe reactor (no meltdowns). Fuel rods are composed of spheres: three layers of uranium, carbon, silicon carbide—TRISO has been tested to be safe at 3200°F, hotter than the melting point of steel. A molten salt reactor is a possibility.
- ^ Jaspreet Gill (13 Apr 2022) Idaho National Labs to build Pentagon's mobile 'nuclear microreactor'
- ^ Todd South (15 Apr 2022) Pentagon to build nuclear microreactors to power far-flung bases Ft Greeley
- ^ DoD SCO (13 Apr 2022) DoD to Build Project Pele Mobile Microreactor and Perform Demonstration at Idaho National Laboratory
- ^ Jeff Waksman (Mar 2020) Project Pele Overview
- ^ a b c d e f g DoD Office of the Secretary, SCO (15 Apr 2022) Record of Decision for the Final Construction and Demonstration of a Prototype Mobile Microreactor Environmental Impact Statement
- ^ BWX Technologies (BWXT) (9 Jun 2022) BWXT to Build First Advanced Microreactor in United States for Project Pele
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (6 Nov 2020) Army Wants Smaller Brigades, Stronger Divisions & Lots O' Robots First contact with the enemy to be unmanned. Lists a portfolio of Common robotic systems (CRSs)
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 August 2020) Robots & Puddles: Surprises From Army RCV Test
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (26 Mar 2020) FVL Q&A: 7 Leaders On The Future Of Army Aviation Nicknamed "6-pack+1";
- Commander, Aviation Center of Excellence (CoE)
- Commander, Aviation Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC)
- Director, Aviation directorate, Deputy Chief of Staff G3/5/7
- Commander, Aviation Special Operations Command (USASOAC)
- Deputy PEO, Aviation
- SES, Aviation and Missile Command
- Director, FVL CFT
- ^ a b Cooper, Scott (23 April 2019). "FARA: Army Awards 5 Design Contracts; Winner Enters Production in 2028". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ a b Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (9 September 2019) Smart sensor network helps redirect missile The GBU-69 was redirected; FARA is slated to replace AH-64 in subsequent A3I experiments
- ^ Dan Gouré (29 Feb 2020) Finally, There Is a Solution to the Problem of Flying in Degraded Visual Environments: Terrain awareness and warning systems (TAWS)
- ^ David Craig (6 April 2020) Future Vertical Lift Conducts a Demonstration of the Spike NLOS Missile System
- ^ Kerensa Crum CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (30 March 2020) CCDC Aviation, Missile Center highlights forward-launched UAS technology
- ^ Anthony Small, U.S. Army Futures Command (13 March 2019) Futures Command highlights changes, new structure at SXSW
- ^ Eliahu Norwood, Greg Grant, and Tyler Lewis, MITRE (December 2019) A new battle command architecture for multi-domain operations: countering peer adversary power projection Tie-in to MDC2, MDO
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (11 March 2020) Army Won't Build Recon Satellites: Lt. Gen. Berrier
- MDO-driven modernization priorities for ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance)
- Terrestrial Layer System (TLS)
- Aerial ISR
- Gray, Blue, and Red (targeted) force tracking
- TITAN-level communications
- MDO-driven modernization priorities for ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance)
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 September 2020) Pushing Data 'From Space To Mud': Project Convergence
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (28 Apr 2021) Army Artillery's AI Gets Live-Fire Exercises In Europe, Pacific APNT: Timing for TITAN terminal prototype in 2022
- ^ NPR on the GAO report: GAO-19-128 Bill Chappell NPR (9 October 2018) Cyber Tests Showed 'Nearly All' New Pentagon Weapons Vulnerable To Attack, GAO Says
- ^ United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) GAO-19-128 (October 2018) report on weapon system vulnerabilities
- ^ David Vergun (24 September 2018) Cybersecurity: 'Remain vigilant, be accountable, stand ready' Army major general says
- ^ ARL Public Affairs (6 September 2018) Army research takes proactive approach to defending computer systems Moving target defense (MTD)
- ^ Shane Harris (27 March 2019) Palantir Wins Competition to Build Army Intelligence System
- ^ Joe Lacdan (05.24.2018) Warfare in megacities: a new frontier in military operations "No amount of planning, study or preparation can prepare a military unit for the unique rhythm of a major city or what Townsend labeled the 'flow'."
- ^ Timothy L. Rider (22 November 2019) Multinational partners find New York ideal to test urban warfare technologies Fort Hamilton hosted Contested Urban Environment Strategic Challenge 2019 (CUE 19) on 24 July 2019
- ^ John Spencer (14 November 2016) The Most Effective Weapon on the Modern Battlefield is Concrete
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 Apr 2021) Army Needs Armor For City Fights: Gen. McConville
- ^ David Vergun, Army News Service (10 September 2018) Multi-domain operations to exploit enemy vulnerabilities, say Army leaders
- ^ Army ALT Magazine, Commentary (20 March 2019) Driving the Future
- ^ Dan Lafontaine, CCDC C5ISR Center Public Affairs (4 September 2019) Army looks to enhance mission command with robotic swarms
- ^ Carol Scheina, CCDC C5ISR Center Public Affairs (September 8, 2020) Abrams demonstration proves concept for enterprise-level system health monitoring
- ^ ARL Public Affairs (16 October 2018) Researchers develop technique to locate robots, Soldiers in GPS-challenged environments
- ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (10 June 2019) Army leaders: Space tech crucial to future combat
- ^ Mark Schauer (ATEC) (12 February 2019) Unmanned aircraft stays aloft for nearly 26 days above U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground Zephyr
- ^ Andrew Eversden (2022) After setting ultra-endurance record, Army Zephyr drone keeps flying, whether it wants to or not
- ^ Nicholas Slayton (21 Aug 2022) After 64 days, the Army's drone that wouldn't die has died [Updated]
- ^ Riley Pickett (21 Aug 2022) The Airbus Zephyr Comes Crashing Down In Arizona
- ^ Lee Ferran (23 Aug 2022) Army's ultra-endurance Zephyr drone comes down after 'unexpected termination' over Arizona desert "First flight over water", the first "direct downlink while outside of U.S. airspace" and the "longest duration (7 days) utilizing satellite communications — including from a military base in the UK"
- ^ Christina MacKenzie (13 Jan 2023) France considering options for 'unexploited' higher airspace region HAO is 'higher airspace operations' e.g. Zephyr
- ^ UASWeekly.com (29 Apr 2021) UxS IBP: Multi-Day Maritime Demonstration for Vanilla UAS
- ^ Ryan White (27 Apr 2021) SM-6 successfully hits a target with the help of Unmanned Systems USS John Finn (DDG 113) during UxS IBP 21
- ^ "Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing Cross Functional Team Assessment Exercise, 1-16 Aug 2019, WSMR". rfpdb.com.
- ^ Positioning, Navigation and Timing Assessment Exercise (PNTAX)
- ^ a b Koester, Jonathan (4 September 2019). "Army, JMC assess new navigation, positioning systems. Wearable A-PN". fortissbugle.com. Joint Modernization Command Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
(Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)
- ^ Mark Pomerleau (28 March 2019) If GPS goes out, the Army now has a requirement for that
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (7 October 2019) Army fields anti-jam GPS, plans for thousands more by 2028
- ^ Dan Lafontaine, CCDC C5ISR Center Public Affairs (17 June 2019) Futures Command looks to enable plug-and-play PNT across Army platforms
- ^ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (10 March 2020) Army looks to leverage 'low Earth orbit' satellites: LEO satellites orbit 100-1200 miles above Earth
- ^ CCDC Army Research Laboratory (29 August 2019) Army scientists discover a new way for robots to exchange directed messages
- ^ Kim, M., Pallecchi, E., Ge, R. et al. (2020) Analogue switches made from boron nitride monolayers for application in 5G and terahertz communication systems. Nature Electron https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-0416-x
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (May 26, 2020) New 5G switch provides 50 times more energy efficiency than currently exists
- ^ Todd South (20 Nov 2020) New Army research breakthrough could lead to more powerful lasers
- David J. Pine is investigator for ARO, using colloids of microscopic spheres which can assemble bottom-up into promising structures.
- Mingxin He, Johnathon P. Gales, Étienne Ducrot, Zhe Gong, Gi-Ra Yi, Stefano Sacanna, & David J. Pine (23 Sep 2020) Colloidal diamond
- ^ U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (19 Jul 2021) New material could mean lightweight armor, protective coatings
- ^ Jen Judson (27 March 2019) Army debuts missile defense framework in move to counter drones, hypersonic threats
- ^ Paul McLeary (17 January 2019) Missile Defense Review a Multi-Billion IOU to White House
- ^ Miles Brown (5 July 2019) Aviation, missile commander addresses workforce CG Todd Royar's statement of his expectations
- Lisa Simanuci, Aviation and Missile Command Public Affairs (27 Nov 2019) Field grade officers hear general's perspective —Maj. Gen. Todd Royar's talk at the Command and General Staff School
- ^ PROGRAM EXECUTIVE OFFICE MISSILES AND SPACE (2018) Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) Program Overview Archived 23 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (1 October 2018) Army Awards Northrop $289M For IBCS Missile Defense Network
- ^ Dan Gouré (20 Mar 2020) SOCOM Has Solved the Military's 'Tower of Babel' Problem
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 February 2020) Future Vertical Lift: Army's Aerial Vanguard LRPF will be the prime customer for the AI targeting data provided via FVL. The Joint force is also a consumer of this data, provided by FVL's manned or unmanned missions.
- ^ Mallory Shelbourne and Sam LaGrone (27 October 2022) Nuclear Sea-Launched Cruise Missile Has 'Zero Value', Latest Nuclear Posture Review Finds SLCM(N) would have fielded in 2035. Hence cancellation.
- ^ Valerie Insinna (6 May 2022) After DoD’s $1.5B move, Army and Marines rush to buy new Javelins, Stingers 250 microprocessors in each Javelin —Jim Taiclet
- ^ Marcus Weisgerber (1 May 2023) Defense Business Brief: Supply-chain headaches; Missile-making bump; Revolving-door figures; and more "Annual production of the PAC-3 interceptor will rise from 450 to 550; Javelin anti-tank missile, from 2,000 to more than 3,500; and GMLRS, from 10,000 to 14,000"
- ^ Marcus Weisgerber (26 Apr 2022) It Will Be Years Before Raytheon Can Build New Stinger Missiles:"The U.S. has been sending its Stingers to Ukrainian forces battling Russia." Aid was being sent by Feb 2022, at the latest.
- ^ Dan Grazier (27 Apr 2022) Let a Stinger be a Stinger. A new design isn't needed.
- ^ Kevin Baron (31 Mar 2023) Ukraine Victory Unlikely This Year, Milley Says Victory not impossible, just unlikely in the near term, 2023.
- ^ Ashley Roque (31 Mar 2023) Army to use Pacific Pathways to test assumptions about ‘contested logistics,’ prepositioned stocks
- ^ Jen Judson (31 Mar 2023) Army Materiel Command boss says logistics are key to future warfare
- ^ ARL (24 September 2018) New Army technology guides Soldiers in complete darkness
- ^ Andrew Eversden (18 Oct 2021) Army Says Next-Gen AR Goggles Delayed Over Field Of View Issues
- ^ Joe Lacdan (13 May 2019) Augmented reality training on the horizon to give Soldiers edge in combat allows repetition, for training
- ^ Tom McKay (6 April 2019) The Army Just Gave a Press Demo of Microsoft's HoloLens 2 Military Prototype
- ^ Bridgett Siter (19 November 2019) Soldiers test new IVAS technology, capabilities with hand-on exercises IVAS: 1 Soldier Touchpoint (STP) STP is becoming rapid acquisitions methodology for AFC
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 December 2019) Soldiers, Coders Surprise Army Brass By Changing IVAS Goggles FOV is turning out to be more important to the infantrymen than the range of the goggles
- ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (9 December 2019) Third IVAS evaluation slated for July Soldier Touchpoint successfully increased IVAS FOV to 80 degrees while range of the goggles was still at 900 meters, from thermal nightsight capability
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (10 February 2020) New technology recognizes faces in the dark, far away Combines night vision with facial recognition
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (5 October 2020) From 'Frankengoggle' To Battle-Ready: Army IVAS waterproof IVAS
- ^ Adam Stone (30 Sep 2021) US Army makes headway on Synthetic Training Environment
- ^ Andrew Eversden (1 Dec 2021) Wormuth: Here's the Army's role in a Pacific fight
- ^ Immersive Ops (15 Nov 2021) Immersive Wisdom briefs Secretary of the Army at Project Convergence '21 on future of Army operations centers 3D Virtual Operations Center software platform
- ^ Caitlin M Kenney (1 Dec 2021) Army Would Have 5 'Core Tasks' in a Pacific Conflict
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (6 February 2020) Army scientists on verge of nearly unbreakable battery First announced in 2015
- ^ U.S. Army CCDC Research Laboratory Public Affairs (5 February 2020) Army scientists look inside batteries with a molecular eye CCDC ARL "teamed with researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory" (PNNL)
- ^ CCDC Army Research Laboratory March 2020) Researchers imagine devices without cords or batteries[permanent dead link] Molybdenum disulphide
- ^ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (4 May 2020) In modernization push, Army researches integrated power cables for Soldiers uses technology from Foreign Comparative Testing program (FCT)
- ^ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (17 Jan 2020) Army boosts Soldier battery power for greater lethality, mobility by using silicon-based anodes
- ^ U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (25 February 2020) Additive manufacturing to provide Soldiers with cutting-edge munitions They "printed the world's first 3-D hybrid microcontroller circuit on a hemisphere that survived high G environments".
- ^ NSRDEC Public Affairs (15 October 2018) Natick's exoskeleton work is a powerful step toward the future of Soldier lethality
- ^ RDECOM Soldier Center, Public Affairs Office (23 January 2019) Soldier Center partners with industry experts to advance exoskeleton technologies
- ^ Harvard (17 Sep 2018) Multi-joint Personalized Exosuit Breaks New Ground video clip
- ^ David Roza (26 Aug 2022) The Army wants exoskeletons so soldiers can defeat their worst enemy: Lower back pain Assistive technology adds 3 pounds of equipment, but stabilizes lower back
- ^ Jerilyn Coleman (28 Apr 2022) DEVCOM teams explore low-cost, lightweight sensors for warfighter use Chem Bio Center (CBC) sensors to detect possible hazardous contamination
- ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (29 August 2019) Army closer to delivering new infantry squad vehicle (ISV)
- 9 Soldiers of an infantry squad will maneuver in an ISV
- Plans to purchase 649 prototypes were approved in February 2019
- 3 industry leaders have been named (23 Aug. 2019), to deliver ISV prototypes
- Oshkosh Defense/Flyer,
- GM Defense, and
- SAIC/Polaris
- Prototypes are due for initial assessment at Aberdeen Test Center 13 November 2019 through December 2019
- At Fort Bragg a second round of operational testing by Soldiers will be performed on the candidate ISV prototypes
- Downselect to one vendor is expected 2nd Quarter of FY2020
- ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (8 October 2019) Who Will Build 651 Parachuting Trucks For The Army? 2 air-drop-able prototypes from each vendor due 13 November 2019,
- ^ Kyle Mizokami (13 Oct 2019) Meet the Army's New Airborne Trucks
- ^ GM Defense LLC (8 Aug 2020) US Army Selects GM Design for Infantry Squad Vehicle
- Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 October 2020) GM Defense Delivers 1st Air-Droppable Trucks Cybersecurity is part of ISV electronics
- Kyle Mizokami (29 Oct 2020) Here It Is: the Army's New Infantry Squad Vehicle
- Janes (21 Oct 2019) AUSA 2019: GM Defense's Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) for U.S. Army Youtube clip, 9:27. No armor, has Roll bars.
- ^ Ashley Roque (5 Apr 2023) US Army waves green flag for Infantry Squad Vehicle full-rate production
- ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 December 2019) AI & Robots Crush Foes In Army Wargame
- PM ITE (October 2019) ONE SEMI-AUTOMATED FORCES (OneSAF)
- Roger Smith (2008) OneSAF: Next Generation Wargame Model pdf
- ^ University of Texas System (13 July 2018) University of Texas System to serve as home base for U.S. Army Futures Command
- ^ Ralph K.M. Haurwitz - American-Statesman Staff (10 August 2018) UT regents give Army's Futures Command free use of space temporarily Archived 10 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Army Futures Command FCC Leadership (20 February 2020). "Futures and Concepts Center". Futures and Concepts Center. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- ^ BETSY WOODRUFF SWAN, ANDREW DESIDERIO, LARA SELIGMAN and ERIN BANCO (22 Apr 2021) Pentagon investigated suspected Russian directed-energy attacks on U.S. troops
- ^ a b Sydney Freedberg (10 Dec 2018) US Army's Brain Transplant: Futurists Move To Futures Command
- ^ CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (29 April 2019) Army selects senior research scientist for terminal ballistics Fewer than 50 STs across the Army: An ST is a general-officer equivalent
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory (18 September 2019) Army research uncovers law-like progression of weapons technologies--from a crossbowman to a tank
- Jerome Aliotta (TARDEC) (6 September 2019) Army demos prototype manned fighting vehicle teamed with robotic combat vehicle platoon
- Argie R. Sarantinos Perrin, CCDC (30 September 2019) Army reform drives innovation at CCDC
- ^ Jen Judson (6 September 2018) Military deputy to US Army acquisition now has two bosses
- ^ Lt. Gen. Paul Ostrowski Bio
- ^ ASA(ALT) (20 September 2019) Army Acquisition Reform
- Stand to: Army Acquisition Reform, a summary
- ^ a b Marcus Weisgerber (10 Nov 2022) Defense Business Brief: What a split Congress means for defense spending;... "on the lame-duck Congress' to-do list: Pass the fiscal 2023 defense appropriation by December and the National Defense Authorization Act". Passage of the NDAA starts the 180-day timer on AD 2022-07.
- ^ Myers (27 March 2018) Abrams: Army units will be tasked to work on each of Futures Command's priorities
- ^ Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard (18 July 2019) The Cheese Has Moved: An Interview With Lt. Gen. Paul Ostrowski
- ^ Ft Meade Soundoff! (19 July 2018) New site for Army Futures Command
- ^ Austin gets its general; Army Futures Command leader confirmed
- ^ "PN2622—Lt. Gen. John M. Murray—Army". U.S. Congress. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
- ^ Jen Judson (12 Jul 2021) Army Futures Command chief on what his team got right — and wrong — since its founding
- ^ "Promotion Ceremony iho LTG James E. Rainey". DVIDS. 7 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ TRADOC Regulation 10-5-1 G357
- ^ a b c James Kennedy (2019) Force Management Model - Complete
- ^ a b c United States Army War College and Army Force Management School (2019-2020) How the Army Runs HTAR: A senior leader reference handbook which synthesizes "existing and developing National, Defense, Joint, and Army systems, processes, and procedures currently practiced"
- ^ James Kennedy (Aug 2022) JCIDS (ACIDS)
- ^ James Kennedy, CGSC (Jun 2022) AY22 Force Integration CGSC Weekly meetings on Change, Crisis, Competition, or Conflict. 50:31