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{{Short description|Article about historical dictionary}}
{{Short description|Historical dictionary}}
{{Draft topics|biography|southern-europe}}
{{AfC topic|soc}}
{{AfC submission|||ts=20221129125545|u=Brooklynlegv|ns=118}}
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20221129123504|u=Brooklynlegv|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->


{{CSS image crop|Image=Eisagogiki-Didaskalia.pdf|Page=9|bSize=245|cWidth=180|cHeight = 200|oTop=52|oLeft=0|Location=right|Description=The dictionary of four Balkan languages ([[Greek language|Greek]], [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]]) written by Daniel Moscopolites}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Eisagogiki-Didaskalia.pdf|Page=9|bSize=245|cWidth=180|cHeight = 200|oTop=52|oLeft=0|Location=right|Description=The dictionary of four Balkan languages ([[Greek language|Greek]], [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]]) written by Daniel Moscopolites}}
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==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==


Daniel, created the Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία ("Introductory Instruction") <ref>Central European University Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA67 ''Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries'']. Central European University Press, 2006 {{ISBN|978-963-7326-52-3}}, p. 67.</ref> and compiled a combined dictionary of [[Greek language|Greek]] (''Romaika''), [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] (''Vlachika''), [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] (''Vulgarika'') and [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (''Alvanitika'') to motivate non-Greek speakers with this dictionary to learn the Greek language:<ref>Kostantaras Dean J.. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CNYDAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Albanians,+Vlachs,+Bulgarians%22&dq=%22Albanians,+Vlachs,+Bulgarians%22&hl=el&ei=7Sp9TITAA4a6jAewzpHTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ ''Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought'']. East European Monographs, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-88033-581-2}}, p. 96.</ref>
Daniel, created the Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία ("Introductory Instruction")<ref>Central European University Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA67 ''Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries'']. Central European University Press, 2006 {{ISBN|978-963-7326-52-3}}, p. 67.</ref> and compiled a combined dictionary of [[Greek language|Greek]] (''Romaika''), [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] (''Vlachika''), [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] (''Vulgarika'') and [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (''Alvanitika'') to motivate non-Greek speakers with this dictionary to learn the Greek language:<ref>Kostantaras Dean J.. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CNYDAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Albanians,+Vlachs,+Bulgarians%22&dq=%22Albanians,+Vlachs,+Bulgarians%22&hl=el&ei=7Sp9TITAA4a6jAewzpHTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ ''Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought'']. East European Monographs, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-88033-581-2}}, p. 96.</ref>
{{cquote|Albanians, Vlachs, Bulgarians, speaker of other languages, rejoice, and prepare yourselves all of you to become [[Greeks]] ([[Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι)|Romioi]]), leaving the barbarian language, voice and customs, that to your descendants will appear like myths.}}
{{cquote|Albanians, Vlachs, Bulgarians, speaker of other languages, rejoice, and prepare yourselves all of you to become [[Greeks]] ([[Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι)|Romioi]]), leaving the barbarian language, voice and customs, that to your descendants will appear like myths.}}


The book was printed in 1794 in [[Venice]]. The Albanian, Aromanian and Bulgarian translations were written in the Greek alphabet. The Bulgarian (Slavic) part of the dictionary is actually the dialect spoken in [[Ohrid]] which the modern scholars regard as the [[Macedonian language]]. <ref>The modern Macedonian standard language. Victor A Friedman, University of Chicago. https://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/Articles/142Friedman00.pdf</ref> This Slavic language part was provided and translated by [[Pop Stefan]], a 18th century [[sakkellarios]] living in the city of [[Ohrid]] who was a friend of Daniel and of [[Aromanian people|Aromanian]] descent as well. <ref>"Ничев, Александър. Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.</ref> <ref> J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7-128.</ref>
The book was printed in 1794 in [[Venice]]. The Albanian, Aromanian and Bulgarian translations were written in the Greek alphabet. The Bulgarian (Slavic) part of the dictionary is actually the dialect spoken in [[Ohrid]] which the modern scholars regard as the [[Macedonian language]].<ref>The modern Macedonian standard language. Victor A Friedman, University of Chicago. https://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/Articles/142Friedman00.pdf</ref> This Slavic language part was provided and translated by [[Pop Stefan]], a 18th century [[sakkellarios]] living in the city of [[Ohrid]] who was a friend of Daniel and of [[Aromanian people|Aromanian]] descent as well. <ref>"Ничев, Александър. Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.</ref> <ref> J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7-128.</ref>


By looking at the correspondence between Pop Stefan and Daniel Moscopolites <ref>Вж. у мене „Нови данни за българщината въ Македония”, сп. „Македонски прегледъ”, год. I, кн. 4, стр. 55—56 и рецензията на Л. Милетичъ, сѫщо тамъ, стр 105—106.</ref> we know they were close friends and that Pop Stefan translated the text.
By looking at the correspondence between Pop Stefan and Daniel Moscopolites <ref>Вж. у мене „Нови данни за българщината въ Македония”, сп. „Македонски прегледъ”, год. I, кн. 4, стр. 55—56 и рецензията на Л. Милетичъ, сѫщо тамъ, стр 105—106.</ref> we know they were close friends and that Pop Stefan translated the text.
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* [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Eisagogiki-Didaskalia.pdf Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία] (Introductory instruction), 1802
* [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Eisagogiki-Didaskalia.pdf Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία] (Introductory instruction), 1802


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[[Category:Aromanian academics]]

[[:Category:Aromanian academics]]
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Revision as of 02:21, 3 January 2023

The dictionary of four Balkan languages (Greek, Aromanian, Bulgarian and Albanian) written by Daniel Moscopolites
The dictionary of four Balkan languages (Greek, Aromanian, Bulgarian and Albanian) written by Daniel Moscopolites

Lexicon Tetraglosson Greek: Τετράγλωσσον Λεξικόν), (Bulgarian: Речник на четири езика), was a dictionary of four languages as part of the Εισαγωγική διδασκαλία (Romanised: Eisagogiki Didaskali) created by Daniel Moscopolites a Aromanian scholar from Moscopole.

Dictionary

Daniel, created the Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία ("Introductory Instruction")[1] and compiled a combined dictionary of Greek (Romaika), Aromanian (Vlachika), Bulgarian (Vulgarika) and Albanian (Alvanitika) to motivate non-Greek speakers with this dictionary to learn the Greek language:[2]

Albanians, Vlachs, Bulgarians, speaker of other languages, rejoice, and prepare yourselves all of you to become Greeks (Romioi), leaving the barbarian language, voice and customs, that to your descendants will appear like myths.

The book was printed in 1794 in Venice. The Albanian, Aromanian and Bulgarian translations were written in the Greek alphabet. The Bulgarian (Slavic) part of the dictionary is actually the dialect spoken in Ohrid which the modern scholars regard as the Macedonian language.[3] This Slavic language part was provided and translated by Pop Stefan, a 18th century sakkellarios living in the city of Ohrid who was a friend of Daniel and of Aromanian descent as well. [4] [5]

By looking at the correspondence between Pop Stefan and Daniel Moscopolites [6] we know they were close friends and that Pop Stefan translated the text.

Daniel's first letter is dated April 13, 1793. The printing of the Lexicon Tetraglosson took place the following year. Here is what the letter says:

"Here with Demetrius I am sending you a short dictionary for you to translate into Bulgarian and I beg you to put in the effort to finish it in a week. After easter I want to send it to Venice to be printed.Be careful so that no mistake will be made. For this favor I am thankful and I owe you."

Who Dimitrius is, we will learn from the second letter dated April 30, 1793:

"Brother Sakellarios, if you love me, now that my student, the venerable Mr. Dimitrios of Pope Ioannou, has arrived to become a teacher of the children of Ahridos, please support him in everything and take him under your wing. He is worthy and humble and I hope will prosper because he has lived with us and imitated our manners." [7] [8]

References

  1. ^ Central European University Press. Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries. Central European University Press, 2006 ISBN 978-963-7326-52-3, p. 67.
  2. ^ Kostantaras Dean J.. Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought. East European Monographs, 2006, ISBN 978-0-88033-581-2, p. 96.
  3. ^ The modern Macedonian standard language. Victor A Friedman, University of Chicago. https://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/Articles/142Friedman00.pdf
  4. ^ "Ничев, Александър. Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.
  5. ^ J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7-128.
  6. ^ Вж. у мене „Нови данни за българщината въ Македония”, сп. „Македонски прегледъ”, год. I, кн. 4, стр. 55—56 и рецензията на Л. Милетичъ, сѫщо тамъ, стр 105—106.
  7. ^ Ив. Снѣгаровъ. Македонски Прегледъ. Година I, книга 4, София, 192. II p.56
  8. ^ Προδημοσίευση: Δανιήλ Μοσχοπολίτης “Το Τετράγλωσσον Λεξικόν” / Εισαγωγή, επιμέλεια Γ. Έξαρχος. 13.01.2022

External links

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