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{{Short description|Canadian teacher}}
{{Short description|Canadian teacher}}
{{about||the Australian rules football umpire|Emma Stark (umpire)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Copy edit|for=[[WP:LASTNAME]]|date=May 2022}}
{{Primary sources|date=May 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Emma Stark
| name = Emma Stark
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| landscape = yes
| landscape = yes
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Emma Stark, daughter of Louis and Sylvia Stark.
| caption =

Image Credit: Courtesy of Myrtle Holloman, Salt Spring Island, B.C. & Peggy Cartwight
| other_names = Emily Arabella (Emma) Stark
| birth_name = Emily Arabella Stark
| birth_name = Emily Arabella Stark
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1856|02|17}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1856|02|17}}
| birth_place = California, United States
| birth_place = [[California]], US
| death_date = {{Death date |1890|07|31}} (aged 33)
| death_date = {{Death date |1890|07|31}} (aged 33)
| death_place = [[Nanaimo]], British Columbia, Canada
| death_place = [[Nanaimo]], British Columbia, Canada
Line 21: Line 15:
| education = Salt Spring Island Central School and Nanaimo high school, Teacher's certificate
| education = Salt Spring Island Central School and Nanaimo high school, Teacher's certificate
| occupation = Teacher
| occupation = Teacher
| years_active = 1874-1890
| years_active = 1874–1890
| spouse = James Clarke
| spouse = James Clarke (m. 1878)
(m. 1878)
| parents = Louis Stark, Sylvia (née Estes) Stark
}}
}}
'''Emily Arabella "Emma" Stark'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=blackhistory|title=Emma Stark – BC Black History Awareness Society|url=https://bcblackhistory.ca/emma-stark/|access-date=2022-02-10|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Emily Arabella “Emma” Stark Clark (1857-1890) -...|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118678700/emily-arabella-clark|access-date=2022-02-11|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en}}</ref> (born February 17, 1856) was a Canadian teacher.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=First Black Teacher on Vancouver Island: Emma Stark|url=https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/bc-black-pioneers_les-pionniers-noirs-de-la-cb/story/first-black-teacher-on-vancouver-island-emma-stark/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=British Columbia’s Black Pioneers|language=en-US}}</ref> She was known as the first Black Canadian teacher in [[Vancouver Island]] and the first teacher in the new North Cedar School, in 1874.<ref name=":0" />
'''Emily Arabella "Emma" Stark'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=blackhistory|title=Emma Stark – BC Black History Awareness Society|url=https://bcblackhistory.ca/emma-stark/|access-date=2022-02-10|language=en-CA}}</ref> (born February 17, 1856) was a Canadian teacher.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=First Black Teacher on Vancouver Island: Emma Stark|url=https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/bc-black-pioneers_les-pionniers-noirs-de-la-cb/story/first-black-teacher-on-vancouver-island-emma-stark/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=British Columbia’s Black Pioneers|language=en-US}}</ref> She was the first Black Canadian teacher in [[Vancouver Island]]<ref name="Claxton 2021">{{cite book |last1=Claxton |first1=Nick XEMŦOLTW̱|last2=Fong |first2=Denise |last3=Morrison |first3=Fran |last4=O’Bonsawin |first4=Christine |last5=Omatsu |first5=Maryka |last6=Price |first6=John |last7=Sandhra |first7=Sharanjit Kaur |title=Challenging Racist British Columbia: 150 Years and Counting |date=2021 |publisher=University of Victoria and The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (BC Office) |page=31 |url=https://policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/BC%20Office/2021/02/ccpa-bc_Challenging-Racist-BC.pdf |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> and the first teacher in the new North Cedar School, in 1874.<ref name=":0" />


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Emily Arabella (Emma) Stark was born on February 17, 1856, in California, United States to parents, Louis (1816-1895) and Sylvia Stark (1840-1944).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Emma was the eldest of 6 siblings.<ref name=":2" /> Her brother, Willis Otis (1858-1943), was born a couple years later in California.<ref name=":2" /> In 1860, Emma arrived with her family on [[Salt Spring Island]], B.C.<ref name=":0" /> While on Salt Spring Island, her siblings: John Edmond (1860-1930), Abraham Lincoln (1863-1908), Hannah "Anne" Serena (1866-1888) and Marie Albertine (1867-1966) were born.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The Estes-Stark family moved to Cedar, [[Nanaimo]] in 1875, where Emma's youngest sister Louisa Edna was born (1878-1971).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
Emily Arabella (Emma) Stark was born on February 17, 1856, in California, United States, to parents Louis (1816–1895) and Sylvia Stark (1840–1944),<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Sandwell 2005">{{cite book |last1=Sandwell |first1=Ruth Wells |title=Contesting Rural Space |date=2005 |page=186 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=9780773528598 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrA-ZMHHDV0C |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> who had been slaves in the United States.


In 1860, Stark arrived with her family on [[Salt Spring Island]], B.C.<ref name=":0" /> While on Salt Spring Island, her siblings John Edmond (1860–1930), Abraham Lincoln (1863–1908), Hannah "Anne" Serena (1866–1888) and Marie Albertine (1867–1966) were born.<ref name=":1" /> The Estes-Stark family moved to Cedar, [[Nanaimo]], in 1875, where Stark's youngest sister Louisa Edna was born (1878–1971).<ref name=":1" />
⚫
== Personal life ==
⚫
Emma married James Clarke on December 28, 1878.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> In 1890, Emma died at the age of 33 from an undetermined illness.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />


== Education ==
== Education ==
Emma completed elementary school at Salt Spring Island Central School.<ref name=":1" /> She then moved to [[Nanaimo]] with her father and completed secondary school at Nanaimo high school.<ref name=":1" /> After Emma graduated high school, she trained to be a teacher.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Estes - Stark Collection|url=http://www.saltspringarchives.com/Estes_Stark_Family/#gallery-10|access-date=2022-02-10|website=www.saltspringarchives.com}}</ref>
Stark attended Salt Spring Island Central School, and she completed secondary school at Nanaimo high school.<ref name=":1" /> Her instructor was primarily John Craven Jones, a graduate of [[Oberlin College]].<ref name="Kilian 2009">{{cite news |last1=Kilian |first1=Crawford |title=BC's Black Pioneer Women |url=https://thetyee.ca/Books/2009/02/06/BlackPioneerWomen/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=[[The Tyee]] |date=February 6, 2009}}</ref> Afterwards, Stark graduated high school; she trained to be a teacher.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Estes - Stark Collection|url=http://www.saltspringarchives.com/Estes_Stark_Family/#gallery-10|access-date=2022-02-10|website=www.saltspringarchives.com}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
Emma became a [[teacher]] at the age of 18 years.<ref name=":1" /> In August 1874, she was hired to teach in a 1-room school in the Cedar District.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Emma's starting salary was $40.00 per month, in 1874.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> She stayed in a cabin that was provided for the teacher.<ref name=":1" /> Students who lived a long way from the school boarded with Emma, including her younger sister Marie.<ref name=":0" />
Stark became a [[teacher]] at the age of 18 years.<ref name=":1" /> In August 1874, she was hired to teach in a one-room school in the [[Cedar, British Columbia|Cedar District]];<ref name=":1" /> her starting salary was $40 per month.<ref name=":0" />


She lived in a cabin that was provided for the teacher.<ref name=":1" /> Students who lived a long way from the school boarded with Stark, including her younger sister Marie.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
== Further Readings ==


⚫
== Personal life ==
⚫
* Stark-Wallace, M. 1979. "[https://saltspringarchives.com/driftwood/stark.pdf The History of the Stark Family]." In: ''Gulf Islands Driftwood''. p. 9-16.
⚫
Stark married James Clarke on December 28, 1878.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Kilian, C. (2020). Go Do Some Great Thing: The Black Pioneers of British Columbia. Canada: Harbour Publishing Company Limited.</ref>
⚫
* "[https://saltspringarchives.com/Estes_Stark_Family/index.html Estes-Stark Family History]" in the [https://saltspringarchives.com/index.html Salt Spring Island Archives].

== Death ==
In 1890, Stark died at the age of 34 from tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilian |first1=Crawford |title=What BC Women Should Be on Canadian Banknotes? |url=https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2016/03/15/BC-Women-Canadian-Banknotes/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=[[The Tyee]] |date=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />

⚫
== Further reading ==

⚫
* Stark-Wallace, M. 1979. "[https://saltspringarchives.com/driftwood/stark.pdf The History of the Stark Family]." In: ''Gulf Islands Driftwood''. p. 9-16.
⚫
* "[https://saltspringarchives.com/Estes_Stark_Family/index.html Estes-Stark Family History]" in the [https://saltspringarchives.com/index.html Salt Spring Island Archives].


== External links ==
== External links ==


* [https://bcblackhistory.ca/emma-stark/ Emma Stark] at [https://bcblackhistory.ca/ BC Black History Awareness Society].
* [https://bcblackhistory.ca/emma-stark/ Emma Stark] at [https://bcblackhistory.ca/ BC Black History Awareness Society].
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stark, Emma}}
[[Category:1856 births]]
[[Category:1856 births]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian educators]]
[[Category:Canadian educators]]
[[Category:Canadian women educators]]
[[Category:Black Canadian women]]
[[Category:Black Canadian women]]
[[Category:American emigrants to pre-Confederation British Columbia]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian women]]
[[Category:Educators from California]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in British Columbia]]
[[Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]

Latest revision as of 14:57, 8 February 2024

For the Australian rules football umpire, see Emma Stark (umpire).
Emma Stark
Born
Emily Arabella Stark

(1856-02-17)February 17, 1856
California, US
Died(1890-07-31)July 31, 1890 (aged 33)
Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
NationalityCanadian
EducationSalt Spring Island Central School and Nanaimo high school, Teacher's certificate
OccupationTeacher
Years active1874–1890
SpouseJames Clarke (m. 1878)

Emily Arabella "Emma" Stark[1] (born February 17, 1856) was a Canadian teacher.[2] She was the first Black Canadian teacher in Vancouver Island[3] and the first teacher in the new North Cedar School, in 1874.[2]

Early life

Emily Arabella (Emma) Stark was born on February 17, 1856, in California, United States, to parents Louis (1816–1895) and Sylvia Stark (1840–1944),[1][4] who had been slaves in the United States.

In 1860, Stark arrived with her family on Salt Spring Island, B.C.[2] While on Salt Spring Island, her siblings John Edmond (1860–1930), Abraham Lincoln (1863–1908), Hannah "Anne" Serena (1866–1888) and Marie Albertine (1867–1966) were born.[1] The Estes-Stark family moved to Cedar, Nanaimo, in 1875, where Stark's youngest sister Louisa Edna was born (1878–1971).[1]

Education

Stark attended Salt Spring Island Central School, and she completed secondary school at Nanaimo high school.[1] Her instructor was primarily John Craven Jones, a graduate of Oberlin College.[5] Afterwards, Stark graduated high school; she trained to be a teacher.[1][6]

Career

Stark became a teacher at the age of 18 years.[1] In August 1874, she was hired to teach in a one-room school in the Cedar District;[1] her starting salary was $40 per month.[2]

She lived in a cabin that was provided for the teacher.[1] Students who lived a long way from the school boarded with Stark, including her younger sister Marie.[2]

Personal life

Stark married James Clarke on December 28, 1878.[1][2][7]

Death

In 1890, Stark died at the age of 34 from tuberculosis.[8][1][2][7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k blackhistory. "Emma Stark – BC Black History Awareness Society". Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "First Black Teacher on Vancouver Island: Emma Stark". British Columbia’s Black Pioneers. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  3. ^ Claxton, Nick XEMŦOLTW̱; Fong, Denise; Morrison, Fran; O’Bonsawin, Christine; Omatsu, Maryka; Price, John; Sandhra, Sharanjit Kaur (2021). Challenging Racist British Columbia: 150 Years and Counting (PDF). University of Victoria and The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (BC Office). p. 31. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  4. ^ Sandwell, Ruth Wells (2005). Contesting Rural Space. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 186. ISBN 9780773528598. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  5. ^ Kilian, Crawford (February 6, 2009). "BC's Black Pioneer Women". The Tyee. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Estes - Stark Collection". www.saltspringarchives.com. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  7. ^ a b Kilian, C. (2020). Go Do Some Great Thing: The Black Pioneers of British Columbia. Canada: Harbour Publishing Company Limited.
  8. ^ Kilian, Crawford (March 15, 2016). "What BC Women Should Be on Canadian Banknotes?". The Tyee. Retrieved 29 May 2022.

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emma_Stark&oldid=1204981808"