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{{Short description|German writer (1923–2014)}}
{{Short description|German writer (1923–2014)}}
{{Infobox person
{{orphan|date=May 2011}}
| name = Eva Salier
| birth_name = Eva Hellendag
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|03|26}}
| birth_place = Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|08|12|1923|03|26}}
| occupation = Artist, author
}}
'''Eva Salier''' (née '''Hellendag'''; March 26, 1923 &ndash; August 12, 2014) was an artist, author and a survivor of the Nazi [[Holocaust]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ploeger-medien.com/|title=Shop der Plöger GmbH|website=www.ploeger-medien.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rlb.de/rpbgooi/sn630000/sn632000/.../sn632050_E.htm]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://carlotta.malmo.se/carlotta-mmus/web/object/1759030|language=sv|title=MM 062772 :: akvarell, målning|trans-title=MM 062772 :: watercolor, painting|date=1945|access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref>


== Early life, imprisonment ==
⚫
'''Eva Salier''' (née '''Hellendag'''; 1923 &ndash; August 12, 2014) was a survivor of the Nazi [[Holocaust]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ploeger-medien.com/|title=Shop der Plöger GmbH|website=www.ploeger-medien.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Eva Salier Obituary|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thedailyjournal/obituary.aspx?pid=172092699|accessdate=8 August 2015|publisher=The Daily Journal|date=14 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rlb.de/rpbgooi/sn630000/sn632000/.../sn632050_E.htm]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She has written a book about her experience during her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/survival-of-a-spirit/oclc/32773248|title=Survival of a spirit|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 1995|publisher=Shengold|oclc=32773248|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> a summation of the hardships suffered by her <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/search?force_amazon=true&q=Eva+Salier|title=Search results for "Eva Salier" (showing 1-1 of 1 books)|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> small group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved from secret site to secret site where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the [[Enigma machine|enigma coding machine]] and [[V-2]] [[guidance system]]s. As she tells the story, she worked on the first [[Solid state (electronics)|solid state]] transistors that would replace the tubes in the guidance system of the V-2. But this has never seen the light of day. The book was also translated into [[German language|German]] as ''Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/lebensweg-einer-koblenzer-judin/oclc/50811937|title=Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 2001|publisher=Plöger|oclc=50811937|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> and as ''Ungebrochen durch die Hölle''. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ungebrochen-durch-die-holle/oclc/237234390|title=Ungebrochen durch die Hölle|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 1995|publisher=Stadtbibliothek|oclc=237234390|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref>
She was born on March 26, 1923, in [[Koblenz]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Eva Salier-Hellendag (1923-2014) |url=https://heimatfreunde-horchheim.de/eva-salier-hellendag/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Heimatfreunde Horchheim |language=de-DE}}</ref> to Jewish parents Simon Hellendag (a Dutch merchant) and his wife Antonie.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=045. Eva Salier, geb. Hellendag (Jüdisches Mädchen aus Koblenz-Horchheim) |url=https://mahnmalkoblenz.de/index.php/2013-12-12-02-07-02/die-personentafeln/187-045-eva-salier-geb-hellendag-juedisches-maedchen-aus-koblenz-horchheim |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=mahnmalkoblenz.de}}</ref>


She attended [[Hochheim am Main|Horchheim]] elementary school from 1929 until 1933, when the Nazis rose to power.<ref name=":0" /> In 1933 she started at the Hilda School and where anti-Semitism was on the rise, she was spat on and insulted.<ref name=":0" /> Her father attempted to get her to England but died before that was possible, just as she was expelled from school.<ref name=":0" /> In 1938 her mother sent her to the Netherlands, where she was captured by Nazis.<ref name=":0" /> Officers separated her from the other 499 detainees and forgot about her location.<ref name=":0" /> She escaped, but was later arrested again with her family and made to do forced labour.<ref name=":0" /> In 1944 she was taken to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz-Birkenau]] but spared death after being declared fit to work and forced to assemble radios.<ref name=":0" /> In 1945 she was liberated.<ref name=":0" />
She was also a prolific [[Painting|painter]], [[Watercolor painting|watercolorist]] and [[cartoonist]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} Her works of art are in the Goodwin Holocaust Museum and many personal collections around the country.


== Liberation, adult life in the US ==
She was born in Germany and emigrated to the United States after World War II, living most of the rest of her life in [[New Jersey]].
After World War II she emigrated to the United States, living most of the rest of her life in [[New Jersey]].<ref name="Daily Journal">{{cite news|title=Eva Salier Obituary|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thedailyjournal/obituary.aspx?pid=172092699|accessdate=8 August 2015|publisher=The Daily Journal|date=14 August 2014}}</ref> Eva recalls that in 1946 America people didn't believe the stories of her holocaust experience, or didn't want to hear them. Originally recorded for her son, Eva's records of these events were forgotten for decades before being rediscovered and published.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jweekly.com/1996/04/05/survivor-s-memoir-reveals-role-humor-played-in-the-camps/|title=Survivors memoir reveals role humor played in the camps|date=5 April 1996|access-date=7 March 2022|publisher=The Jewish News of Northern California}}</ref>

⚫
The story of her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32773248|title=Survival of a spirit|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 1995|publisher=Shengold|oclc=32773248|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> is a summation of the hardships suffered by her <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/search?force_amazon=true&q=Eva+Salier|title=Search results for "Eva Salier" (showing 1-1 of 1 books)|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref><ref>Krimmer, E. (2018). German Women's Life Writing and the Holocaust: Complicity and Gender in the Second World War. India: Cambridge University Press. p199</ref> small group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved between various secret locations where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the [[Enigma machine|enigma coding machine]] and [[V-2]] [[guidance system]]s. As she tells the story, she worked on the first [[Solid state (electronics)|solid state]] transistors that would replace the tubes in the guidance system of the V-2. But this has never seen the light of day. The book was also translated into [[German language|German]] as ''Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50811937|title=Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 2001|publisher=Plöger|oclc=50811937|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> and as ''Ungebrochen durch die Hölle''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/237234390|title=Ungebrochen durch die Hölle|first=Eva|last=Salier|date=October 29, 1995|publisher=Stadtbibliothek|oclc=237234390|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref>

Her memoir is notable for its discussion of the use of humour as a coping tool to deal with traumatic events.<ref>Gudgel, M. R. (2021). Think Higher Feel Deeper: Holocaust Education in the Secondary Classroom. United States: Teachers College Press.</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ellger |first=Hans |title=Gespräche mit Überlebenden des Holocaust — eine Chance der dritten Generation |date=2003 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89787-9_28 |work=Lebendige Sozialgeschichte: Gedenkschrift für Peter Borowsky |pages=454–463 |editor-last=Hering |editor-first=Rainer |place=Wiesbaden |publisher=VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften |language=de |doi=10.1007/978-3-322-89787-9_28 |isbn=978-3-322-89787-9 |access-date=2022-03-06 |editor2-last=Nicolaysen |editor2-first=Rainer}}</ref>

Her art work can be found in the book published in Sweden under the title “Pa Gransen Mellon Kroger och Fred” (On the boarder between War and Peace - memorial images from Malmo (Sweden) 1939-1945. Pages 140-141).

Salier taught art and painted. Her work is in the collection of the Goodwin Holocaust Museum and the Koblenz Mittelrhein Museum.<ref name="Daily Journal"/>

In 1995 Salier was interviewed, and the record of that interview is in the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]].<ref name="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">{{cite web |title=Oral history interview with Eva Salier |url=https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn512198 |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> Additionally, some of her letters from [[Vught concentration camp]] to her mother have been archived at the Holocaust Museum.<ref name="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum2">{{cite web |title=Eva Salier papers |url=https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn28927 |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> A book of her collected works can be found at several public libraries and the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.{{citation needed|date= March 2022}}


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:German emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Emigrants from Allied-occupied Germany to the United States]]
[[Category:Holocaust survivors]]
[[Category:Holocaust survivors]]

{{US-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:21, 19 March 2024

Eva Salier
Born
Eva Hellendag

(1923-03-26)March 26, 1923
Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
DiedAugust 12, 2014(2014-08-12) (aged 91)
Occupation(s)Artist, author

Eva Salier (née Hellendag; March 26, 1923 – August 12, 2014) was an artist, author and a survivor of the Nazi Holocaust.[1][2][3]

Early life, imprisonment

She was born on March 26, 1923, in Koblenz[4] to Jewish parents Simon Hellendag (a Dutch merchant) and his wife Antonie.[5]

She attended Horchheim elementary school from 1929 until 1933, when the Nazis rose to power.[5] In 1933 she started at the Hilda School and where anti-Semitism was on the rise, she was spat on and insulted.[5] Her father attempted to get her to England but died before that was possible, just as she was expelled from school.[5] In 1938 her mother sent her to the Netherlands, where she was captured by Nazis.[5] Officers separated her from the other 499 detainees and forgot about her location.[5] She escaped, but was later arrested again with her family and made to do forced labour.[5] In 1944 she was taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau but spared death after being declared fit to work and forced to assemble radios.[5] In 1945 she was liberated.[5]

Liberation, adult life in the US

After World War II she emigrated to the United States, living most of the rest of her life in New Jersey.[6] Eva recalls that in 1946 America people didn't believe the stories of her holocaust experience, or didn't want to hear them. Originally recorded for her son, Eva's records of these events were forgotten for decades before being rediscovered and published.[7]

The story of her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit",[8] is a summation of the hardships suffered by her [9][10] small group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved between various secret locations where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the enigma coding machine and V-2 guidance systems. As she tells the story, she worked on the first solid state transistors that would replace the tubes in the guidance system of the V-2. But this has never seen the light of day. The book was also translated into German as Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin[11] and as Ungebrochen durch die Hölle.[12]

Her memoir is notable for its discussion of the use of humour as a coping tool to deal with traumatic events.[13][14]

Her art work can be found in the book published in Sweden under the title “Pa Gransen Mellon Kroger och Fred” (On the boarder between War and Peace - memorial images from Malmo (Sweden) 1939-1945. Pages 140-141).

Salier taught art and painted. Her work is in the collection of the Goodwin Holocaust Museum and the Koblenz Mittelrhein Museum.[6]

In 1995 Salier was interviewed, and the record of that interview is in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.[15] Additionally, some of her letters from Vught concentration camp to her mother have been archived at the Holocaust Museum.[16] A book of her collected works can be found at several public libraries and the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Shop der Plöger GmbH". www.ploeger-medien.com.
  2. ^ [1][permanent dead link]
  3. ^ "MM 062772 :: akvarell, målning" [MM 062772 :: watercolor, painting] (in Swedish). 1945. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  4. ^ "Eva Salier-Hellendag (1923-2014)". Heimatfreunde Horchheim (in German). 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "045. Eva Salier, geb. Hellendag (Jüdisches Mädchen aus Koblenz-Horchheim)". mahnmalkoblenz.de. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  6. ^ a b "Eva Salier Obituary". The Daily Journal. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Survivors memoir reveals role humor played in the camps". The Jewish News of Northern California. 5 April 1996. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  8. ^ Salier, Eva (October 29, 1995). Survival of a spirit. Shengold. OCLC 32773248 – via Open WorldCat.
  9. ^ "Search results for "Eva Salier" (showing 1-1 of 1 books)". www.goodreads.com.
  10. ^ Krimmer, E. (2018). German Women's Life Writing and the Holocaust: Complicity and Gender in the Second World War. India: Cambridge University Press. p199
  11. ^ Salier, Eva (October 29, 2001). Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin. Plöger. OCLC 50811937 – via Open WorldCat.
  12. ^ Salier, Eva (October 29, 1995). Ungebrochen durch die Hölle. Stadtbibliothek. OCLC 237234390 – via Open WorldCat.
  13. ^ Gudgel, M. R. (2021). Think Higher Feel Deeper: Holocaust Education in the Secondary Classroom. United States: Teachers College Press.
  14. ^ Ellger, Hans (2003), Hering, Rainer; Nicolaysen, Rainer (eds.), "Gespräche mit Überlebenden des Holocaust — eine Chance der dritten Generation", Lebendige Sozialgeschichte: Gedenkschrift für Peter Borowsky (in German), Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 454–463, doi:10.1007/978-3-322-89787-9_28, ISBN 978-3-322-89787-9, retrieved 2022-03-06
  15. ^ "Oral history interview with Eva Salier". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Eva Salier papers". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
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