Oxford High School shooting: Difference between revisions

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The entire shooting lasted about five minutes and occurred in the southern end of the school building.<ref name="DetroitFreePress.Shooting" /><ref name="DetroitNews.Shooting">{{cite news|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2021/11/30/active-shooter-multiple-victims-reported-michigans-oxford-high/8810326002/|title=Three dead, eight hurt in Oxford High shooting; 15-year-old in custody|publisher=The Detroit News|last1=Chambers|first1=Jennifer|last2=Martindale|first2=Mike|last3=Dickson|first3=James David|date=November 30, 2021|accessdate=December 1, 2021}}</ref>
The entire shooting lasted about five minutes and occurred in the southern end of the school building.<ref name="DetroitFreePress.Shooting" /><ref name="DetroitNews.Shooting">{{cite news|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2021/11/30/active-shooter-multiple-victims-reported-michigans-oxford-high/8810326002/|title=Three dead, eight hurt in Oxford High shooting; 15-year-old in custody|publisher=The Detroit News|last1=Chambers|first1=Jennifer|last2=Martindale|first2=Mike|last3=Dickson|first3=James David|date=November 30, 2021|accessdate=December 1, 2021}}</ref>


After the shooting occurred, the school went into lockdown. Some students were evacuated to a nearby [[Meijer]] store, and one woman helped children to shelter in her house.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Da Silva|first=Chantal|last2=Fieldstadt|first2=Elisha|date=December 1, 2021|title=Woman who sheltered fleeing students during Michigan school shooting says they're 'traumatized for life'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/woman-sheltered-fleeing-students-michigan-school-shooting-says-traumat-rcna7295|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-02|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Michigan school shooting: 3 dead, 8 injured after student opens fire|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8413878/michigan-oxford-high-school-shooting/|url-status=live|date=November 30, 2021|access-date=2021-11-30|website=[[Global News]]|last1=Householder|first1=Mike|last2=Kryska|first2=Ryan|via=Associated Press|language=en-US}}</ref> Authorities conducted three sweeps of the school in search of victims and evidence.<ref name="DetroitNews.Shooting" /> At least one student posted a video to social media of people hiding in a classroom during the lockdown, where an unidentified person out in the hallway claimed to be law enforcement. Those in the classroom mistakenly believed they were speaking to the gunman and they subsequently evacuated the classroom via the windows.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Bostock|first=Bill|date=December 1, 2021|title=Video shows Oxford High School students realizing they may have been speaking to the gunman when a person outside their classroom called them 'bro'|url=https://www.insider.com/oxford-high-school-shooting-video-students-realize-gunman-said-bro-2021-12|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> The students fled through an outdoor courtyard and encountered a sheriff's deputy who led them to safety<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Shamus|first=Kristen Jordan|date=December 1, 2021|title='Open the door': Chilling video shows Michigan students escape through window during Oxford shooting|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/12/01/oxford-michigan-high-school-shooting-video-escape-classroom/8823740002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> Due to confusion from the video, Sheriff Bouchard clarified during a press conference that the gunman had never knocked on a door based on footage and that the person was likely to be a detective trying to calm down the students.<ref name="DetroitFreePress.Know" />
After the shooting occurred, the school went into lockdown. Some students were evacuated to a nearby [[Meijer]] store, and one woman helped children to shelter in her house.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Da Silva|first=Chantal|last2=Fieldstadt|first2=Elisha|date=December 1, 2021|title=Woman who sheltered fleeing students during Michigan school shooting says they're 'traumatized for life'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/woman-sheltered-fleeing-students-michigan-school-shooting-says-traumat-rcna7295|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-02|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Michigan school shooting: 3 dead, 8 injured after student opens fire|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8413878/michigan-oxford-high-school-shooting/|url-status=live|date=November 30, 2021|access-date=2021-11-30|website=[[Global News]]|last1=Householder|first1=Mike|last2=Kryska|first2=Ryan|via=Associated Press|language=en-US}}</ref> Authorities conducted three sweeps of the school in search of victims and evidence.<ref name="DetroitNews.Shooting" /> At least one student posted a video to social media of people hiding in a classroom during the lockdown, where an unidentified person out in the hallway claimed to be law enforcement. Those in the classroom mistakenly believed they were speaking to the gunman and they subsequently fled the classroom via the windows and were led to safety by a deputy.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Bostock|first=Bill|date=December 1, 2021|title=Video shows Oxford High School students realizing they may have been speaking to the gunman when a person outside their classroom called them 'bro'|url=https://www.insider.com/oxford-high-school-shooting-video-students-realize-gunman-said-bro-2021-12|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Shamus|first=Kristen Jordan|date=December 1, 2021|title='Open the door': Chilling video shows Michigan students escape through window during Oxford shooting|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/12/01/oxford-michigan-high-school-shooting-video-escape-classroom/8823740002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> Due to confusion from the video, Sheriff Bouchard clarified during a press conference that the gunman had never knocked on a door based on footage and that the person was likely to be a detective trying to calm down the students.<ref name="DetroitFreePress.Know" />


==Victims==
==Victims==

Revision as of 00:27, 4 December 2021

Oxford High School shooting
Part of mass shootings in the United States
Map
LocationOxford Township, Michigan, U.S.
Coordinates42°50′17″N 83°15′40″W / 42.83806°N 83.26111°W / 42.83806; -83.26111
DateNovember 30, 2021 (2021-11-30)
c. 12:50[1] – c. 12:55 p.m.[2] (EST)
TargetStudents and staff at Oxford High School
Attack type
Mass shooting, school shooting
Weapons9 mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semi-automatic handgun
Deaths4
Injured7
MotiveUnder investigation
Accused
  • Ethan Crumbley
  • Jennifer and James Crumbley (parents)
Charges

On November 30, 2021, a gunman opened fire on students and staff at Oxford High School in the Detroit exurb of Oxford Township, Michigan, United States, killing four students and injuring seven other people, including a teacher. The accused has been named as 15-year-old sophomore Ethan Crumbley, who is in custody and has been charged as an adult. This attack is the deadliest school shooting in the United States since the Santa Fe High School shooting in 2018.[4][5][6]

Background

Oxford High School used the active shooter drill known as ALICE (Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, and Evacuate), which uses proactive strategies to evade a gunman, such as using noise as a distraction and creating distance. The teachers were also trained to use a barrier at the base of the door called Nightlock.[7]

According to students and parents, rumors regarding threats of a mass shooting occurring at the school were circulating before the incident occurred, prompting some students to stay home on the day of the shooting.[8] Earlier that month, in response to an act of vandalism that included a severed deer head being thrown off the school roof and into the courtyard, school administrators published a note to parents, saying they had been investigating the rumors but found no threat.[1][9][10] Oakland County Sheriff Michael Bouchard said his office was not aware of any credible threats prior to the shooting.[11]

Shooting

Surveillance footage reportedly showed Crumbley entering a bathroom with a backpack and then exiting it about a minute later without the backpack but with a semiautomatic handgun.[12] Immediately afterwards, prosecutors said Crumbley started firing at students; when they started fleeing, he "methodically and deliberately" walked down the hallway and aimed his gun into classrooms and at students who were unable to escape.[13][14]

According to students, a voice over the intercom alerted them to an active shooter, and their teachers started locking and barricading doors and covering windows, convincing them it was not a drill.[11] Others recounted hearing some loud banging noises, before realizing the noises were gunshots and quickly locking the door.[15] One student who hid in a bathroom stall recalled hearing the sound of a gun cocking outside the bathroom. Once the school was secured, he opened the bathroom door to find several bodies lying on the floor.[16][17]

At 12:51 p.m., police began receiving the first of around one hundred 9-1-1 calls about the shooting and responded to the school.[2] Crumbley was arrested unharmed by a deputy assigned as a school resource officer and a second deputy who responded to the scene.[18][19] He allegedly still had seven rounds of ammunition loaded into his gun and two 15-round magazines when he was stopped by authorities.[20][21][22] At a news conference, Oakland County Undersheriff Michael McCabe said the gunman gave up without any problems.[12][23][24][25]

The entire shooting lasted about five minutes and occurred in the southern end of the school building.[1][23]

After the shooting occurred, the school went into lockdown. Some students were evacuated to a nearby Meijer store, and one woman helped children to shelter in her house.[16][18] Authorities conducted three sweeps of the school in search of victims and evidence.[23] At least one student posted a video to social media of people hiding in a classroom during the lockdown, where an unidentified person out in the hallway claimed to be law enforcement. Those in the classroom mistakenly believed they were speaking to the gunman and they subsequently fled the classroom via the windows and were led to safety by a deputy.[20][26][27] Due to confusion from the video, Sheriff Bouchard clarified during a press conference that the gunman had never knocked on a door based on footage and that the person was likely to be a detective trying to calm down the students.[11]

Victims

Three students were killed at the scene, and eight other people were injured, including a teacher.[28] On December 1, one of the critically injured died, raising the death toll to four.[29] The dead were aged between 14 and 17.[30]

By the night of November 30, three of the injured were in critical condition,[a] with one of them on a ventilator; one was in serious condition; three were in stable condition; and the injured teacher was discharged after being treated for a graze wound to the shoulder.[11] By the night of December 1, three of the injured remained hospitalized in stable condition.[5][31]

Investigation

The school was processed by authorities, with video footage from security cameras in the school building being the investigators' primary focus. Officials told reporters that security cameras showed some of the actual attack, and that Crumbley had a clear intent to kill other students, stating that he fired through barricaded doors and aimed for the heads and chests at close range, of those that he found.[32][27]

A search warrant was also executed at Crumbley's home, where a cell phone, a journal, and other items were seized as part of the investigation around the shooting and Crumbley's prior social media posts.[33][34] The cell phone contained two videos of Crumbley, both of which were filmed the night before the shooting, and in which he purportedly talked about shooting and killing students at the school the next day. The journal also reportedly detailed "his desire to shoot up the school".[35][34]

Search for parents

After charges were announced against the parents during a press conference at 12:00 p.m. on December 3,[36], an alert was issued hours later by state authorities as the parents were missing. Both were supposed appear with their attorney to turn themselves in, but failed to do so.[37] The Oakland County Sheriff made a statement that the FBI, U.S. Marshals Service, and the Oakland County Fugitive Apprehension Team were searching for the parents;[38] of which the U.S. Marshals confirmed their participation in the search[39] while the FBI said that they had not been involved in the search.[40] Shortly after, attorneys of the Crumbleys' made a statement to the Detroit Free Press that the parents did not flee but rather left town for their own safety and will be returning to be arraigned: "The Crumbleys left town on the night of the tragic shooting for their own safety. They are returning to the area to be arraigned. They are not fleeing from law enforcement despite recent comments in media reports."[41] Both parents missed their 4 p.m. arraignment and remain at large.[42][43] However, Undersheriff Michael McCabe told CNN that attorneys Shannon Smith and Mariell Lehman "had not actually talked with the parents" after "attempt[ing] to reach the parents by phone and text without success".[44][45]

Accused

A SIG Pro (SP 2022 variant), the type of gun used in the shooting.

The alleged shooter was identified as 15-year-old sophomore student Ethan Crumbley.[46] He was in class on the day of the shooting. Crumbley was placed under suicide watch after being taken to the county's juvenile detention facility.[11] He has maintained his right to silence, and his family has hired an attorney.[20]

Police said there was no indication that Crumbley had faced any disciplinary issues prior to the shooting, but Crumbley was reported to have met with school officials the day prior to the shooting, and again early on the day of the shooting, to discuss his behavior.[17][47][48] Prosecutor Karen McDonald later provided a timeline regarding the meetings. The first meeting occurred after a teacher spotted Crumbley using his phone to search for ammunition and reported him. School officials left a voicemail and email for Crumbley's mother Jennifer; she did not respond, but she later texted her son, saying, "LOL I'm not mad at you. You have to learn not to get caught." The second meeting occurred after another teacher found a violent drawing on Crumbley's desk "scrawled with images of a gun, a person who had been shot, a laughing emoji[,] and the words, 'Blood everywhere,' and, 'The thoughts won't stop. Help me.'"[49] The teacher took a photo of the drawing and reported Crumbley. Jennifer and Crumbley's father James were summoned to the school, where they were shown the drawing – which Crumbley scribbled over in an attempt to conceal its contents – and instructed to seek counseling for their son within 48 hours. They "resisted the idea" of Crumbley leaving the school at the time, and he was returned to class. Crumbley then allegedly committed the shooting at 12:50 PM.[50][51][52][53] Prosecutors further alleged that at 1:22 PM, Jennifer Crumbley texted Ethan saying "Ethan don't do it." At 1:37 p.m., James Crumbley called 911 at 1:37 to report the SIG Sauer handgun as missing, and also said Ethan "could be the gunman at Oxford High".[49]

According to the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools, which includes Oxford High School, no discipline was warranted at the time of the meetings with Crumbley and his parents.[54] In addition to these meetings, an attorney appearing at Crumbley's arraignment on December 1 said she had represented him on an unspecified "juvenile matter".[48] Some classmates also said that Crumbley had been bullied.[1] Sheriff Bouchard said concerns about Crumbley's behavior were not shared with his office.[55]

A 9 mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semiautomatic handgun and at least two 15-round magazines were recovered from Crumbley, while a third magazine was found at the school. Bouchard said James Crumbley had purchased the gun from a local shop on Black Friday, four days prior to the shooting. McDonald later said that Crumbley was with his father at the time of the purchase, and that he posted about it on social media later that day. McDonald also said that Jennifer Crumbley referred to the gun as his "new Christmas present" in a social media post. Based on recovered shell casings found in the school, authorities believe at least 30 shots were fired. It was unclear how the gunman took possession of the gun or how it was taken into the school building.[11][22][28][51][56][57][excessive citations] Bouchard also said there were reports that Crumbley had attempted to pose as law enforcement in order to enter barricaded classrooms.[26]

State of Michigan v. Crumbley
CourtMichigan 52nd Judicial District Court, Division 3
Court membership
Judge sittingNancy T. Carniak

Crumbley was arraigned by a magistrate on homicide and attempted homicide charges shortly after he was arrested, to allow for continued custody, but he was not immediately charged as an adult. On December 1, he was charged with terrorism causing death, first-degree murder, assault with intent to murder, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, with the possibility of more charges being added as the investigation continues.[58][59] According to the Associated Press, this appeared to be the first time in U.S. history where a terrorism charge was filed in relation to a gunfire incident on school grounds.[60] Crumbley was charged as an adult,[61] and a judge entered a plea of not guilty on his behalf.[35] He was ordered to be held without bond and relocated to the Oakland County Jail.[35]

After announcing the charges against Crumbley, McDonald told reporters that her office was also considering criminal charges against Crumbley's parents Jennifer and James in connection to the shooting. She said responsible gun ownership was crucial to stop tragedies and those who are not responsible should be held accountable.[59] On December 3, both parents were charged with four counts of involuntary manslaughter, in what was reported to be a rare instance of parents being charged in relation to a school shooting.[50][62]

Aftermath

Three prayer services were held on the night of November 30, attended by hundreds.[63][64] An online petition was started to rename the school's stadium after one of the victims.[65] A memorial outside the school was created with stuffed animals and flowers left behind.[8][66] A memorial patch to commemorate the victims and the shooting was created for the Michigan Wolverines football team that was planned to be first worn on December 4, during the Big Ten Championship Game.[67]

A GoFundMe was created by one of the victims' family members to help pay for funeral costs; the goal was quickly met after philanthropist Bill Pulte shared it on social media.[68] Additional fundraisers for the victims and their families were seen on online crowdfunding pages, by local businesses, and by selling items such as T-shirts, to help cover medical, funeral, and other costs.[69] Others utilized the phrase OxfordStrong to sell fundraising items or as a hashtag on social media.[70]

Many students were traumatized and distressed by the shooting, and they were affected by the loss of their classmates or had seen bodies on the ground.[16][17][71] The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services supplied help and support to the students and their families.[72]

Copycat threats and arrests

Oxford Community Schools, the school district that includes Oxford High School, closed down its schools for the rest of the week. Copycat threats against numerous other Metro Detroit schools were made the following day on December 2, leading many other area districts to cancel classes for at least one day;[73] according to Sheriff Bouchard, at least 60 schools were affected by the closures.[74] By December 3, over 100 districts across Michigan had closed their schools down in the wake of additional threats.[75] Bouchard also vowed to investigate, and Oakland County Prosecutor McDonald said they will press criminal charges against anyone who threatens violence at schools in the county.[74][76] At least one student; a 16-year-old from Armada, Michigan, was arrested in connection to such threats, and officers found that the student wanted a day off from school and was not a credible threat.[77]

A student at Southfield Regional Academic Campus, located about 30 miles (48 km) from Oxford High School, was arrested the day after the shooting for bringing a loaded gun onto the campus, after another student reported him to officials. School officials believe that the student had been bringing the gun to campus for several weeks and claimed the student was not a threat.[78] Another student was arrested at La Follette High School in Madison, Wisconsin, for being on school property with a stolen, loaded firearm. That same day, a note referencing the shooting was found at Memorial High School.[79]

Responses

President Joe Biden and U.S. Representative Elissa Slotkin, whose district includes Oxford High School, expressed their condolences over the shooting.[80][81] Governor Gretchen Whitmer said in a statement that she was devastated for the students, staff, and families of the school, calling gun violence a "public health crisis".[82] Whitmer also ordered all flags in Michigan to fly at half-staff.[83] Democratic politicians in the Michigan Legislature vowed to pursue new gun control legislation and revive stalled bills relating to gun control.[84]

Families of victims in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting expressed their solidarity with the families of the Oxford shooting.[85] Survivors and families of victims in the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting expressed outrage over the Oxford shooting and expressed their desire to continue fighting for change.[86][87]

All four professional Detroit teams (Lions, Pistons, Tigers, and Red Wings) expressed their condolences to the community via social media and pressers. The captain of the Red Wings, Oakland County native Dylan Larkin, offered the team's condolences on the "unspeakable tragedy" during a post-game interview on November 30.[88]

Notes

  1. ^ This number includes the 17-year-old who died on December 1.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Altavena, Lily; Shepard, Liz; Witsil, Frank; Moran, Darcie (November 30, 2021). "4 dead, 7 injured in Oxford High School shooting; suspect is 15-year-old student". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Michigan school shooting: Student kills four and wounds seven". BBC News. November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  3. ^ "Parents of Michigan school shooting suspect are charged with involuntary manslaughter".
  4. ^ Hanna, Jason; Vera, Amir; Broaddus, Adrienne (November 30, 2021). "Students grabbed scissors for self-defense, escaped out a window during Michigan high school shooting". KCRA. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Williams, Corey; White, Ed (December 1, 2021). "Michigan teen, 15, charged in Oxford High School shooting". Associated Press. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  6. ^ Tanner, Kristi (December 2, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting is nation's deadliest since 2018". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  7. ^ Goldstein, Dana (December 2, 2021). "After Michigan Killings, Students Praised Shooter Drills. But Do They Really Work?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Teen charged with murder, terrorism in Michigan school shooting as death toll rises to 4". CBC News. December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  9. ^ "3 students killed, 8 others wounded in Michigan high school shooting". CBC News. November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  10. ^ Jackson, Jon (December 1, 2021). "Some Students Stayed Home Ahead of Oxford School Shooting Due to Online Threats". Newsweek. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Moran, Darcie (November 30, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting leaves 4 dead, multiple injured: Everything we know". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Atkinson, Scott; Smith, Mitch; Boudette, Neal E. (November 30, 2021). "Michigan High School Shooting: 3 Students Killed and Several Critically Injured". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  13. ^ Keefer, Winter (December 1, 2021). "Testimony: Teen took video about killing students night before Oxford High School shooting". Michigan Live. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  14. ^ MacDonald, Christine; Anderson, Elisha; Kaufman, Gina; Warikoo, Niraj (December 1, 2021). "Authorities: Oxford school shooting suspect talked in video about killing students before rampage". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  15. ^ Bush, Aleksandra; Hughes, Aleksandra (December 1, 2021). "Sisters report social media threats before school shooting". NewsNation. Retrieved December 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ a b c Da Silva, Chantal; Fieldstadt, Elisha (December 1, 2021). "Woman who sheltered fleeing students during Michigan school shooting says they're 'traumatized for life'". NBC News. Retrieved December 2, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ a b c Hanna, Jason; Elamroussi, Aya; Prokupecz, Shimon (December 2, 2021). "Investigators reveal concerns about behavior of Michigan high school shooting suspect leading up to the tragedy". CNN. Retrieved December 2, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ a b Householder, Mike; Kryska, Ryan (November 30, 2021). "Michigan school shooting: 3 dead, 8 injured after student opens fire". Global News. Retrieved November 30, 2021 – via Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ Snell, Robert (November 30, 2021). "Authorities swarm family home of suspected Oxford High shooter". The Detroit News. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
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  21. ^ Hayes, Christal; Altavena, Lily; Shepard, Liz; Witsil, Frank; Tebor, Celina (November 30, 2021). "At least 3 students dead, 8 injured in Michigan high school shooting; father of suspect purchased gun, authorities say". USA Today. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  22. ^ a b Boucher, Dave (December 1, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting video 'absolutely cold-hearted,' sheriff says". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
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  24. ^ Burke, Minyvonne; Madani, Doha (November 30, 2021). "3 killed, 8 injured in shooting at Oxford High School in suburban Detroit". NBC News. Retrieved November 30, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  26. ^ a b Bostock, Bill (December 1, 2021). "Video shows Oxford High School students realizing they may have been speaking to the gunman when a person outside their classroom called them 'bro'". Insider. Retrieved December 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (December 1, 2021). "'Open the door': Chilling video shows Michigan students escape through window during Oxford shooting". USA TODAY. Retrieved December 3, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ a b Hanna, Jason; Vera, Amir; Broaddus, Adrienne (November 30, 2021). "Suspect in deadly Michigan high school shooting charged as an adult with murder and terrorism". CNN. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  29. ^ Dickson, James David (December 1, 2021). "Boy, 17, the 4th to die in Oxford High shooting". The Detroit News. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  30. ^ Wisely, John; Hendrickson, Clara; Dixon, Jennifer; Kovanis, Georgea; Seidel, Jeff (December 1, 2021). "Oxford shooting deaths include honor student, athletes and artist". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  31. ^ Williams, Corey; White, Ed (December 3, 2021). "Parents of Michigan boy charged in Oxford school shooting". Associated Press. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  32. ^ Vera, Amir; Romine, Taylor; McCleary, Kelly (December 1, 2021). "Authorities look for motive with 15-year-old Michigan high school shooting suspect in custody. Here's what we know". Erie News Now. Retrieved December 1, 2021 – via CNN.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ "Michigan Suspect's Parents Met With School Hours Before Shooting". The New York Times. December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  34. ^ a b Rohrlich, Justin; Melendez, Pilar; Gross, Allie (December 1, 2021). "Chilling Videos, Journal Found as Parents Face Scrutiny in Michigan School Shooting". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  35. ^ a b c "Suspect in Oxford High shooting to be held in Oakland County Jail without bond". The Detroit News. December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  36. ^ Michigan school shooting: Ethan Crumbley’s parents charged with involuntary manslaughter The Independent
  37. ^ Dupnack, Jessica (December 3, 2021). "Parents of accused Oxford shooter are headed back to area for arraignment, say attorneys". WJBK. Retrieved December 3, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ Haddad, Derick Hutchinson, Ken (December 3, 2021). "Police still searching for parents of suspected Oxford High School shooter". WDIV. Retrieved December 3, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ Michigan school shooting: US Marshals join search for Ethan Crumbley’s parents KIRO-TV
  40. ^ Manslaughter charges filed against parents of alleged shooter in Michigan school shooting; authorities search for couple USA Today
  41. ^ MacDonald, Miriam Marini and Christine. "US Marshals search for James, Jennifer Crumbley; attorney says they'll turn themselves in". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 3, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ^ Vogt, Adrienne; Sangal, Aditi; Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa (December 3, 2021). "The Crumbleys didn't show for their arraignment today. Here's what you need to know". CNN. Retrieved December 3, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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