Miami metropolitan area: Difference between revisions

Miami metropolitan area Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach
Metropolis
Coordinates: 26°8′N 80°12′W / 26.133°N 80.200°W / 26.133; -80.200
Country	United States
State	Florida
Core city	Miami
Other municipalities	cities  - Hialeah  - Fort Lauderdale  - Pembroke Pines  - Hollywood  - Miramar  - Coral Springs  - Miami Gardens  - Pompano Beach  - West Palm Beach  - Davie  - Boca Raton  - Sunrise  - Plantation  - Miami Beach  - Deerfield Beach  - Boynton Beach  - Delray Beach  - Lauderhill  - Weston  - Parkland  - Aventura
Area
• Land	6,137 sq mi (15,890 km2)
Highest elevation	Jupiter Florida 53 ft (16.2 m)
Lowest elevation	Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m)
Population
• Total	6,166,488 [1]
• Rank	7th in the U.S.
• Density	1,004.8/sq mi (388.07/km2)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern Standard Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern Daylight Time)

The Miami metropolitan area, is the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States and the 72nd largest metropolitan area in the world. At 1,279.2 sq mi (3,313 km²) of urban landmass it is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. The metropolitan area includes the City of Miami(the financial and cultural core of the metropolis), Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties which are the first, second, and third most populous counties in Florida. Miami-Dade, with 2,716,940 people in 2019, is the seventh most populous county in the United States. The three counties together have principal cities including Fort Lauderdale, Pembroke Pines, West Palm Beach, Hialeah, Hollywood, and Boca Raton. It sits within the South Florida region, which includes the Everglades and the Florida Keys. It is also synonymous with an area known collectively as the "Gold Coast".

With 6,166,488 inhabitants as of 2019, the three counties collectively make up the Miami metropolitan area (also know as Metro Miami) which is the most populous in Florida and the second largest in the southeastern United States.^[2][3][4][5] Greater Miami includes a larger area defined by the United States Census Bureau as the Miami-Port St. Lucie-Fort Lauderdale Combined statistical area. This larger area includes Martin, Saint Lucie, and Indian River counties to the north of Palm Beach County.

Because the population of South Florida is largely confined to a strip of land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Everglades, the Miami urbanized area (that is, the area of contiguous urban development) is about 100 miles (160 km) long (north to south), but never more than 20 miles (32 km) wide, and in some areas only 5 miles (8.0 km) wide (east to west). The Miami metropolitan statistical area is longer than any other urbanized area in the United States except for the New York metropolitan area.^[6] It was the eighth most densely populated urbanized area in the United States in the 2000 census.^[7]

As of the 2000 census, the urbanized area had a land area of 1,116 square miles (2,890 km²), with a population of 4,919,036, for a population density of 4,407.4 per square mile (1,701.7 per square kilometer). Miami and Hialeah (the second largest city in the metropolitan area) had population densities of more than 10,000 per square mile (more than 3,800 per square kilometer).^[8][9] The Miami Urbanized Area was the fourth largest urbanized area in the United States in the 2010 census.

The Miami metropolitan area also includes several urban clusters (UCs) as of the 2000 Census which are not part of the Miami Urbanized Area. These are the Belle Glade UC, population 24,218, area 20,717,433 square meters and population density of 3027.6 per square mile; Key Biscayne UC, population 10,513, area 4,924,214 square meters and population density of 5529.5 per square mile; Redland UC, population 3,936, area 10,586,212 square meters and population density of 963.0 per square mile; and West Jupiter UC, population 8,998, area 24,737,176 square meters and population density of 942.1 per square mile.^[10]

Definitions

Miami metropolitan area

The Miami metropolitan area is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)^[11], with a 2019 population of 6,166,488. The MSA is in turn made up of three "metropolitan divisions"

• Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division, coterminous with Miami Dade County (2019 population 2,716,940)
• Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Sunrise, FL Metropolitan Division, coterminous with Broward County (2019 population 1,952,778)
• West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton Beach, FL Metropolitan Division, coterminous with Palm Beach County (2019 population 1,496,770)

The MSA is the most populous metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States and has an area of 6,137 sq. mi (15,890 km²).

Greater Miami

The Census Bureau also defines a wider commercial region based on commuting patterns or metropolis, the Miami-Port Saint Lucie-Fort Lauderdale, FL Combined Statistical Area (CSA), more commonly known as the Greater Miami Area, with an estimated population of 6,889,936 in 2019.^[12]

The CSA consists of three component metropolitan areas:

• The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA (2019 pop. 6,166,488)
• The Port Saint Lucie, FL MSA (2019 pop. 489,297), consisting of:
  • Martin County, Florida (2019 pop. 161,000)
  • Saint Lucie County, Florida (2019 pop. 328,297)
• The Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA, coterminous with Indian River County (2019 pop. 159,923)

Geography

Climate

South Florida/Miami metropolitan area has a tropical climate, similar to the climate found in much of the Caribbean. It is the only metropolitan area in the 48 contiguous states that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification, Am).^[13] The South Florida metropolis sees most of its rain in the summer (wet season) and is quite dry in the winter (dry season). The wet season, which is hot and humid, lasts from May to October, when daily thunderstorms and passing weak tropical lows bring downpours during the late afternoon. The dry season often starts in late October and runs through late April. During the height of the dry season from February through April, South Florida is often very dry, and often brush fires and water restrictions are an issue. At times cold fronts can make it all the way down to South Florida and provide some modest rainfall in the dry season. The hurricane season largely coincides with the wet season.^[14]

In addition to its sea-level elevation, coastal location and position near the Tropic of Cancer and the Caribbean , the area owes its warm, humid climate to the Gulf Stream, which moderates climate year-round. A typical summer day does not see temperatures below 75 °F (24 °C). Temperatures in the high 80s to low 90s (30–35 °C) accompanied by high humidity are often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, although conditions still remain very muggy.

During winter, dry air often dominates as dew points are often very low. Average daily high temperatures across South Florida during the winter are around 75–77 °F (24–25 °C). Although daily highs can sometimes reach 82–85 °F (28–29 °C) even in January and February. Daily low temperatures during the winter are generally around 55–63 °F (13–17 °C). Each winter, cold fronts occasionally make their way down to the northern Bahamas and South Florida. As a result, daily high temperatures in South Florida may only reach around 65 °F (18 °C). When this occurs low temperatures can dip into the 40s during the early morning hours before quickly warming-up toward late morning/early afternoon. It is rare for temperatures to drop below 40 °F (4 °C) though. South Florida only experiences these cold spells about twice each winter and they typically only last a day or two before temperatures return to the mid 70s. On average South Florida is frost-free, although there can be a light frost in the inland communities a few times each decade.

Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop outside that period. The most likely time for South Florida to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season, mid-August through the end of September.^[15] Due to its location between two major bodies of water known for tropical activity, South Florida is also statistically the most likely major area to be struck by a hurricane in the world, trailed closely by Nassau, Bahamas, and Havana, Cuba. Many hurricanes have affected the metropolis, including Betsy in 1965, Andrew in 1992, Irene in 1999, Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma in 2005, and Irma in 2017. In addition, a tropical depression in October 2000 passed over the city, causing record rainfall and flooding. Locally, the storm is credited as the No Name Storm of 2000, though the depression went on to become Tropical Storm Leslie upon entering the Atlantic Ocean.

Component counties, subregions, and cities

Largest cities

The following is a list of the twenty largest cities in the Miami metropolitan area as ranked by population.^[28][29][30]

Areas with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants

Areas with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants

Demographics

Population

The Miami area is a diverse community with a large proportion of foreign-born residents, in large part due to its close proximity to Latin America and the Caribbean.

Another factor is residents who were formerly snowbirds from the Northeast and, to a lesser extent, countries such as Canada.

As of the 2005 American Community Survey,^[34][35] 5,334,685 people lived in the metropolis.

Geographic mobility: In 2005, 83% of the people at least one year old living in the Miami metro area were living in the same residence one year earlier; 12% had moved during the past year from another residence in the same county, 2% from another county in the same state, 2% from another state, and 1% from abroad.

Education: In 2005, 83% of people 25 years and over had at least graduated from high school and 30% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Among people 16 to 19 years old, 7% were dropouts; they were not enrolled in school and had not yet graduated from high school. The total school enrollment in the Miami Metro Area was 1.4 million in 2005. Nursery school and kindergarten enrollment was 170,000 and elementary or high school enrollment was 879,000 children. College or graduate school enrollment was 354,000.

Poverty and Participation in Government Programs: In 2005, 14% of people were in poverty. 19% of related children under 18 were below the poverty level, compared with 14% of people 65 years old and over. 11% of all families, and 26% of families with a female householder and no husband present had incomes below the poverty level.

Age and gender

As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 5,564,635 people. 2.8 million (52%) were females and 2.6 million (48%) were males. The median age was 38.6 years. 24% of the population were under 18 years and 15% were 65 years and older. There were 2,097,626 households, and 1,378,108 families residing in the Miami metropolitan area.

Ethnicity

The racial makeup of the population of the Miami area [6,066,387] as of 2016:^[36]

• White: 70.3% [4,263,038]
  • White Hispanic: 39.2% [2,375,219]
  • White Non-Hispanic: 31.1% [1,887,819]
• Black or African American: 21.2% [1,288,585]
• Native American: 0.2% [12,487]
• Asian: 2.5% [151,537]
• Pacific Islander: 0.1% [3,527]
• Other races: 3.5% [214,451]
• Two or more races: 2.2% [132,762]
• Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 44.2% [2,693,672] of the population^[37][38]

The Miami area has a large Jewish community; 10.2% of the population was Jewish in the 2000 Census.^[39]

Of the people living in the Miami metro area in 2005, 63% were born in the United States (including 30% who were born in Florida) and 37% were foreign born. Among people at least five years old living in the region in 2005, 52% spoke English at home while 48% spoke some other language at home. Of those speaking a language other than English at home, 78% spoke Spanish and 22% spoke some other language (mainly Haitian Creole, but also French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Yiddish).

Demographics of Miami Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach county

Housing

Changes in house prices for the area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 10-city composite index of the value of the residential real estate market.

Housing characteristics: As of 2005, the Miami area had a total of 2.3 million housing units, 13% of which were vacant. Of the total housing units, 52% were in single-unit structures, 45% were in multi-unit structures, and 3% were mobile homes. 25% of the housing units were built since 1990. As of 2019, over 70% of Miami's residents are renters with median rent of $1,355, $180 over the national average.

Households and families: There were 2,338,450 households, The average household size was 2.6 people. Families made up 65% of the households in the Miami area. This figure includes both married-couple families (45%) and other families (20%). Nonfamily households made up 35% of all households in Miami. Most of the nonfamily households were people living alone, but some consisted of people living in households in which no one was related to the householder.

Occupied housing unit characteristics: In 2005, the Miami area had 2.0 million occupied housing units – 1.3 million (66%) owner occupied and 688,000 (34%) renter occupied.

Housing costs: In 2010, housing costs in the Miami area typically represented 40% of household income, compared to 34% nationwide.^[40]

Property tax increase: In March 2009, Miami area lawmakers passed a 5–10% hike in property tax millage rates throughout the metropolitan area to fund the construction of new schools and to fund understaffed schools and educational institutions, resulting in an increase in residents' property tax bills beginning in the 2009 tax year.

Politics

Politically speaking, the region is heavily Democratic. Broward County is the second-most reliably Democratic county in the state,^[41][42] behind only Palm Beach County.^[43] This contrasts with most of the rest of Florida, whose heavier Southern influence leads it to vote for the Republican Party. With a majority Hispanic population in Miami-Dade, Republican votes are mainly by older generations of Cuban Americans, most of whom defected to the United States following the Cuban Revolution, but Miami-Dade County still remains very Democratic when compared with most of Florida's other counties.^[44][45][46] In the 2016 presidential election, 62.3% of voters in the Miami metropolitan area voted Democratic. This was the 6th highest of any metro area in the United States.^[47]

Government

The metropolitan area is governed by 3 counties. In total there are 107 municipalities or incorporated places in the metropolis. Each one of the municipalities has its own city, town or village government, although there is no distinction between the 3 names. Much of the land in the metropolis is unincorporated, which means it does not belong to any municipality, and therefore is governed directly by the county it is located in.

Congressional districts

The Miami metropolitan area contains all or part of nine Congressional districts: the 18th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, and 27th districts.^[48] As of 2017^[update] (the 113th Congress), the Cook Partisan Voting Index listed four as being Republican-leaning: the 18th, 25th, 26th, and 27th, with the 25th being the most Republican-leaning at R+5, and five as being Democratic-leaning: the 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, with the 24th being the most Democratic-leaning at D+34, making it the ninth-most Democratic-leaning district in the nation.^[49]

Economy

Occupations and Type of Employer: Among the most common occupations were: 32% were management, professional, and related occupations, 30% were sales and office occupations, 18% were service occupations, 11% were construction, extraction, maintenance and repair occupations, and 9% were production, transportation, and material moving occupations. 81% of the people employed were Private wage and salary workers; 12% were Federal, state, or local government workers; and 7% were Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers.

Income: The median income of households in the Miami area was $43,091. 78% of the households received earnings and 13% received retirement income other than Social Security. 30% of the households received Social Security. The average income from Social Security was $13^{[citation needed]}. These income sources are not mutually exclusive; that is, some households received income from more than one source.

Industries: In 2005, for the employed population 16 years and older, the leading industries in the Miami area were Educational services, health care and social assistance, which accounted for 18%, and Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services, which accounted for 13% of the population.

Traveling to Work: 79% of Miami area workers drove to work alone in 2005, 10% carpooled, 4% took public transportation, and 4% used other means. The remaining 3% worked at home. Among those who commuted to work, it took them on average 28.5 minutes to get to work.

Culture

Miami dialect

In Miami-Dade County and Broward County and areas nearby, a unique dialect, commonly called the "Miami dialect", is widely spoken. The dialect developed among second- or third-generation Hispanics, including Cuban-Americans, whose first language was English (though some non-Hispanic white, black, and other races who were born and raised in Miami-Dade tend to adopt it as well.)^[50] It is based on a fairly standard American accent but with some changes very similar to dialects in the Mid-Atlantic (especially the New York area dialect, Northern New Jersey English, and New York Latino English.) Unlike Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern American, and Northeast American dialects and Florida Cracker dialect (see section below), "Miami accent" is rhotic; it also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish (wherein rhythm is syllable-timed).^[51] However, this is a native dialect of English, not learner English or interlanguage; it is possible to differentiate this variety from an interlanguage spoken by second-language speakers in that "Miami accent" does not generally display the following features: there is no addition of /ɛ/ before initial consonant clusters with /s/, speakers do not confuse of /dʒ/ with /j/, (e.g., Yale with jail), and /r/ and /rr/ are pronounced as [[Alveolar approximant|alveolar approximant [ɹ]]] instead of alveolar tap [ɾ] or alveolar trill [r] in Spanish.^{[52][53][54][55]}

Area and zip codes

Area codes

• 305: Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys; overlaid by 786
• 786: Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys; overlays 305
• 954: All of Broward County: Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood, Coral Springs, overlaid by 754
• 754: All of Broward County: Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood, Coral Springs, overlays with 954
• 561: All of Palm Beach County: West Palm Beach, Boca Raton, Boynton Beach, Delray Beach, Belle Glade
• 772: Vero Beach, Port Saint Lucie, Fort Pierce, Sebastian, Stuart and central eastern Florida

Media

Greater Miami is served by several English-language and two major Spanish-language daily newspapers. The Miami Herald, headquartered in Doral, is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers. It also has news bureaus in Broward County, Monroe County, and Nassau, Bahamas. The South Florida Sun-Sentinel circulates primarily in Broward and southern Palm Beach counties and also has a news bureau in Havana, Cuba. The Palm Beach Post serves mainly Palm Beach County, especially the central and northern regions, and the Treasure Coast. The Boca Raton News publishes five days a week and circulates in southern Palm Beach County.^[56] El Nuevo Herald, a subsidiary of the Miami Herald, and Diario Las Americas,^[57] are Spanish-language daily papers that circulate mainly in Miami-Dade County. La Palma and El Sentinel are weekly Spanish newspapers published by the Palm Beach Post and Sun-Sentinel, respectively, and circulate in the same areas as their English-language counterparts.

Greater Miami is split into two separate television/radio markets: The Miami-Fort Lauderdale market serves Miami-Dade, Broward and the Florida Keys. The West Palm Beach market serves Palm Beach County and the Treasure Coast region.

Miami-Fort Lauderdale is the 12th largest radio market and the 16th-largest television market in the U.S. television stations serving the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area include WAMI-TV (UniMas), WBFS-TV (MyNetworkTV), WSFL-TV (The CW), WFOR-TV (CBS), WHFT-TV (TBN), WLTV (Univision), WPLG (ABC), WPXM (ION), WSCV (Telemundo), WSVN (FOX), WTVJ (NBC), WLRN-TV (PBS), and WPBT (also PBS), the latter television station being the only channel to serve the entire metropolitan area.

In addition to the Miami-Fort Lauderdale market, West Palm Beach has its own. It is the 49th largest radio market and the 38th-largest television market in the U.S. Television stations serving the West Palm Beach area include WPTV (NBC), WPEC (CBS), WPBF (ABC), WFLX (FOX), WTVX (The CW), WXEL (PBS), WTCN (MyNetworkTV), and WPXP (ION). The West Palm Beach market shares use of WSCV and WLTV for Telemundo and Univision respectively. Also, both markets cross over and tend to be available interchangeably between both areas. In 2015, WPBT and WXEL merged their operations, to form South Florida PBS, although both stations have maintained separate programming schedules and social media platforms, but share the same subchannel lineup.

Education

In Florida, each county is also a school district. Each district is headed by an elected school board. A professional superintendent manages the day-to-day operations of each district, who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the School Board.

The Miami-Dade County Public School District is currently the 4th-largest public school district in the nation. The School District of Palm Beach County is the 4th-largest in Florida and the 11th-largest in the United States. Broward County Public School District is the 6th-largest in the United States.

As of 2020, Florida International University is ranked the 4th largest university by enrollment in the United States.

Some colleges and universities in Greater Miami include:

• Barry University (private/Catholic)
• Broward College (public)
• Carlos Albizu University (private)
• Florida Atlantic University (public)
• Florida International University (public)
• Florida Memorial University (private)
• Johnson & Wales University (private)
• Lynn University (private)
• Miami Dade College (public)
• Northwood University (private)
• Nova Southeastern University (private)
• Palm Beach Atlantic University (private/Christian)
• Palm Beach State College (public)
• St. Thomas University (private/Catholic)
• University of Miami (private)

In 2005, 82% of people 25 years and over had at least graduated from high school and 28% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Among people 16 to 19 years old, 7% were dropouts; they were not enrolled in school and had not graduated from high school. The total school enrollment in the Miami metro area was 1.4 million in 2005. Nursery school and kindergarten enrollment was 170,000 and elementary or high school enrollment was 879,000. College or graduate school enrollment was 354,000.

Transportation

v t e Rail transport in South Florida
Legend
Brightline to Orlando Amtrak Silver Service to New York Mangonia Park West Palm Beach West Palm Beach Lake Worth Beach Tri-Rail fare zone boundary Boynton Beach Delray Beach Tri-Rail fare zone boundary Boca Raton Boca Raton Palm Beach Broward Deerfield Beach Pompano Beach Tri-Rail fare zone boundary Cypress Creek Fort Lauderdale New River Fort Lauderdale Tri-Rail fare zone boundary Fort Lauderdale Airport Sheridan Street Hollywood Broward Miami-Dade Tri-Rail fare zone boundary Aventura Golden Glades Opa-locka Miami ■ Palmetto Miami Canal ■ Okeechobee ■ Hialeah ■ Tri-Rail and Metrorail Transfer ■ Northside ■ Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza ■ Brownsville Hialeah Market Miami River ■■ Earlington Heights ■■ Allapattah ■ Miami Intermodal Center Miami International Airport ■■ Santa Clara ■■ Civic Center ■■ Culmer ■ School Board ■ Adrienne Arsht Center ■ Museum Park ■ Eleventh Street ■ Park West ■ Freedom Tower ■■ Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre ■■■ Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. MiamiCentral ■■ ■■■ Government Center ■■■ College North ■■■ College/Bayside ■■■ First Street ■■■ Bayfront Park ■ Miami Avenue ■■ Third Street ■■■ Knight Center ■ Riverwalk Miami River ■ Fifth Street ■ Brickell City Centre ■ Tenth Street/Promenade ■■ ■ Brickell ■ Financial District ■■ Vizcaya ■■ Coconut Grove ■■ Douglas Road ■■ University ■■ South Miami ■■ Dadeland North ■■ Dadeland South South Dade TransitWay to Florida City
Amtrak , Brightline , and Tri-Rail Metrorail Metromover MIA Mover South Dade TransitWay Greyhound All stations are accessible