Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God

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Solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God
The Blessed Virgin Mary, Μήτηρ Θεοῦ (Mētēr Theou, "Mother of God"), is poetically called Πλατυτέρα τῶν οὐρανῶν (Platytéra tōn Ouranōn, "More spacious than the heavens") because she bore in her womb the Creator of the universe.
Also called
Observed by
TypeChristian
SignificanceMotherhood of Mary
ObservancesChurch services
Date
FrequencyAnnual
Related toFeast of the Circumcision of Christ

The Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God is a feast day of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the aspect of her motherhood of Jesus Christ, whom she had circumcised on the eighth day after his birth according to Levitical Law. Christians see him as the Lord and Son of God.[1]

It is celebrated by the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church on 1 January, the Octave (8th) day of Christmas. This solemnity is a Holy Day of Obligation in areas that have not abrogated it. Christians of Byzantine,[2] West Syriac, and East Syriac Rites celebrate Mary as the Mother of God on 26 December (also known as the Synaxis of the Theotokos),[3] while the Coptic Church (an Oriental Orthodox church) does so on 16 January.

The Eastern Orthodox Church,[4][5] Traditional Catholics, Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Church observe the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ on 1 January.[6]

In the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Church there is a feast of the Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary on 11 October.[7]

Significance

The feast is a celebration of Mary being the mother of Jesus. The English title "Mother of God" is a literal translation of the Latin title Mater Dei, which in turn is a rendering of the Greek title Θεοτόκος (Theotokos), meaning "Bearer of God" dogmatically adopted by the First Council of Ephesus (431) as an assertion of the divinity of Christ.[8]

History

The Second Vatican Council stated: "Clearly from earliest times the Blessed Virgin is honoured under the title of Mother of God."[9] and at an early stage the Church in Rome celebrated on 1 January a feast that it called the anniversary (Natale) of the Mother of God.[3] When this was overshadowed by the feasts of the Annunciation and the Assumption, adopted from Constantinople at the start of the 7th century, 1 January began to be celebrated simply as the octave day of Christmas, the "eighth day" on which, according to Luke 2:21, the child was circumcised and given the name Jesus.[10]

In the 13th or 14th century, 1 January began to be celebrated in Rome, as already in Spain and Gaul, as the feast of the Circumcision of the Lord and the Octave of the Nativity, while still oriented towards Mary and Christmas,[10] with many prayers, antiphons and responsories glorifying the maternity of Mary.[3] Pope John XXIII's General Roman Calendar of 1960 removed the mention of the circumcision of Jesus and called 1 January simply the Octave of the Nativity.[11]

Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was first granted, on the petition of King Joseph I of Portugal, to the dioceses of Portugal and to Brasil and Algeria, 22 January 1751, together with the feast of the Purity of Mary, and was assigned to the first Sunday in May. In the following year both feasts were extended to the province of Venice, in 1778 to the kingdom of Naples, and 1807 to Tuscany. In the Roman Breviary the feast of the Maternity was commemorated on the second, and the feast of the Purity on the third, Sunday in October. At Mesagna in Apulia it was kept 20 February in commemoration of the earthquake, 20 February 1743. This particular feast was not included in the universal calendar of the church, but a number of diocesan calendars had adopted it.[12] By 1914, the feast was established in Portugal for celebration on 11 October and was extended to the entire Catholic Church by Pope Pius XI in 1931.[13][14]

S Agostino Madonna del Parto

Madonna del Parto

In Rome, in the Basilica of S. Augustine, the feast of the "Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary" was celebrated with an octave, in honour of the miraculous statue of the Madonna del Parto by Jacopo Sansovino. For centuries, the people of Rome and its environs have invoked the intercession of the Madonna before this statue asking for safe deliveries and healthy babies. The statue is laden with thank-offerings and always surrounded by offerings of flowers and candles, and often photographs of smiling infants and toddlers, "visual evidence of faith in holy intercession".[15]

Our Lady of Good Remedy

This feast was also the titular feast of the Trinitarians.[12] In 1198, John of Matha founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity with the mission of ransoming captive Christians. To this end, he placed the order's fund-raising efforts under the patronage of Mary. In gratitude for her assistance, he then honored Mary with the title of "Our Lady of Good Remedy" (also known under the invocation of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios).[16] Her feast day is now celebrated on 8 October.[17]

Mysterii Paschalis

The 1969 revision of the liturgical year and the calendar in the Roman Rite states: "1 January, the Octave Day of the Nativity of the Lord, is the Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God, and also the commemoration of the conferral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus."[18][19] It removed the 11 October feast, even for Portugal, stating: "The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is celebrated on 1 January in the Solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God."[20] The 11 October feast is celebrated by Traditionalist Catholic individuals and groups who mostly observe the General Roman Calendar of 1960.[21]

Marialis Cultus

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In his Apostolic Letter Marialis Cultus, Pope Paul VI explained: "This celebration, placed on January 1 ...is meant to commemorate the part played by Mary in this mystery of salvation. It is meant also to exalt the singular dignity which this mystery brings to the 'holy Mother...through whom we were found worthy to receive the Author of life.' It is likewise a fitting occasion for renewing adoration of the newborn Prince of Peace, for listening once more to the glad tidings of the angels (cf. Lk. 2:14), and for imploring from God, through the Queen of Peace, the supreme gift of peace."[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Four Marian Dogmas", Catholic News Agency
  2. ^ "Mother of God Extends Our Christmas Celebration", Ascension Press website
  3. ^ a b c Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 84.
  4. ^ Greek Orthodox Archdiocese calendar of Holy Days Archived February 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Η Περιτομή του Ιησού Χριστού". www.pemptousia.gr (in Greek). 31 December 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  6. ^ Pfatteicher, Philip H. (23 September 2013). Journey into the Heart of God: Living the Liturgical Year. Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780199997145. The Anglican and Lutheran churches retain the medieval association of the octave with the circumcision and the giving of the holy Name.
  7. ^ 11 October, Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate. https://www.orthodoxwest.com/kalendar
  8. ^ Fenelon, Marge (29 December 2013). "Start the New Year With the Holy Family and Mary". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  9. ^ Pope Paul VI, Lumen gentium, 66
  10. ^ a b Adam, Adolf (1990). The Liturgical Year. Liturgical Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-0-81466047-8.
  11. ^ Longenecker, Dwight (29 December 2016). "Catholics have three chances, not one, to celebrate New Year's". Crux. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  12. ^ a b Holweck, Frederick George (1913). "Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  13. ^ Masters, Ed (11 October 2016). "Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary". Regina Magazine. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  14. ^ Lefebvre, Gaspar (12 October 2018). "Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary". SSPX.org. Society of Saint Pius X. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  15. ^ Jacobs, Fredrika H., Votive Panels and Popular Piety in Early Modern Italy, Cambridge University Press, 2013 p. 23, ISBN 9781107023048
  16. ^ "Trinitarian Devotions", The Trinitarians
  17. ^ "Our Lady of Good Remedy". www.ewtn.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  18. ^ Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 35 f
  19. ^ "Complementary Norms | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  20. ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 142
  21. ^ "Latin Mass Society Ordo: October" (PDF). Latin Mass Society UK.
  22. ^ Pope Paul VI, Marialis Cultus, §5, February 2, 1974, Vatican

Sources

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