Semiconductor industry
Semiconductor device fabrication |
---|
MOSFET scaling (process nodes) |
Future
|
The semiconductor industry is the aggregate of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductors and semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. It formed around 1960, once the fabrication of semiconductor devices became a viable business. The industry's annual semiconductor sales revenue has since grown to over $481 billion, as of 2018.[1]
The semiconductor industry is in turn the driving force behind the wider electronics industry,[2] with annual power electronics sales of £135 billion ($216 billion) as of 2011,[3] annual consumer electronics sales expected to reach $2.9 trillion by 2020,[4] tech industry sales expected to reach $5 trillion in 2019,[5] and e-commerce with over $29 trillion in 2017.[6] In 2019, 32.4% of the semiconductor market segment was for networks and communications devices.[7]
In 2021, the sales of semiconductors reached a record $555.9 billion, up 26.2 percent, with sales in China reaching $192.5 billion, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. A record 1.15 trillion semiconductor units were shipped in the calendar year.[8] The semiconductor industry is projected to reach $726.73 billion by 2027.[9]
Industry structure
The global semiconductor industry is dominated by companies from the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and the Netherlands, with Israel and Germany having significant presence in the field.[10]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Who_exported_Electronic_integrated_circuits_in_2016.svg/220px-Who_exported_Electronic_integrated_circuits_in_2016.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Who_exported_Semiconductor_devices_in_2016.svg/220px-Who_exported_Semiconductor_devices_in_2016.svg.png)
Unique features of the industry include continuous growth but in a cyclical pattern with high volatility. While the current 20-year annual average growth of the semiconductor industry is on the order of 13%, this has been accompanied by equally above-average market volatility, which can lead to significant if not dramatic cyclical swings. This has required the need for high degrees of flexibility and innovation in order to constantly adjust to the rapid pace of change in the market as many products embedding semiconductor devices often have a very short life cycle.[citation needed]
At the same time, the rate of constant price-performance improvement in the semiconductor industry is staggering. As a consequence, changes in the semiconductor market not only occur extremely rapidly but also anticipate changes in industries evolving at a slower pace. The semiconductor industry is widely recognized as a key driver and technology enabler for the whole electronics value chain.[11]
The industry is based on the foundry model, which consists of semiconductor fabrication plants (foundries) and integrated circuit design operations, each belonging to separate companies or subsidiaries. Some companies, known as integrated device manufacturers, both design and manufacture semiconductors. The foundry model has resulted in consolidation among foundries. As of 2021, only three firms are able to manufacture the most advanced semiconductors: TSMC of Taiwan, Samsung of South Korea, and Intel of the United States.[12] Part of this is due to the high capital costs of building foundries. TSMC's latest factory, capable of fabricating 3 nm process semiconductors and completed in 2020, cost $19.5 billion.[12]
Intel is considering outsourcing some production to TSMC. It currently can only produce 10 nm semiconductors, while TSMC and Samsung can both produce 5 nm.[12] GlobalFoundries, an American-headquartered firm, uses a 12 nm process for its most advanced chips due to the rapidly increasing development costs of smaller process nodes.[13]
Semiconductor sales
Sales revenue
|
|
Market share
Industry sector | Market share |
---|---|
Computer and peripheral equipment | 32.3% |
Consumer electronics | 21.2% |
Telecommunications equipment | 16.5% |
Industrial electronics | 14.3% |
Defense and space industry | 11.5% |
Transportation technology | 4.2% |
Largest companies
Notes:
- Pure-play foundries – They specialize in foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties, as well as mask (photomask) making, semiconductor packaging and testing services, which can also be outsourced to other companies. An example is TSMC, which offers design, testing and packaging services, TCE photomasks, which offers only mask making services, and ChipMOS, which offers only packaging and testing services.
- IDMs (integrated device manufacturers) – They may or may not offer foundry services.
- Fabless suppliers – They do not offer foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties.
Device shipments
Year | Optoelectronics | Sensor / Actuator | MOSFET[32] |
---|---|---|---|
1960–2001 | ? | ? | 2,900,000,000,000,000 |
2002 | 23,164 | 1,654 | |
2003 | 28,955 | 2,482 | |
2004 | 38,056 | 3,310 | |
2005 | 44,675 | 4,137 | |
2006[33] | 55,429 | 4,137 | |
2007[34] | 67,839 | 4,136 | |
2008 | 76,939 | 4,964 | |
2009 | 91,003 | 4,964 | |
2010 | 97,622 | 6,619 | |
2011 | 110,031 | 8,273 | |
2012 | 129,886 | 11,583 | |
2013 | 131,541 | 14,064 | |
2014–2015 | ? | ? | 10,100,000,000,000,000 |
2016[35][36] | 217,200 | 17,376 | |
2017–2018 | ? | ? | |
1960–2018 | 1,112,340+ | 87,699+ | 13,000,000,000,000,000 |
Integrated circuits
Year | MOS memory | MPU / MCU | Analog | Logic | ASIC | ASSP | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960–1991 | ? | 15,000[37] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 350,000[37] |
1992[38] | 3,706 | ||||||
1993[38] | 4,060 | ||||||
1994[38] | 4,938 | ||||||
1995[38] | 6,092 | ||||||
1996[38] | 6,206 | ||||||
1997 | 7,155[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 60,100[34] |
1998–1999 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2000[40] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 89,100 |
2001 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2002 | 9,100 | 6,619 | 24,819 | 11,582 | 2,482 | 23,992 | 78,594 |
2003 | 10,755 | 6,618 | 30,611 | 14,064 | 1,655 | 25,646 | 89,349 |
2004 | 13,237 | 9,100 | 33,092 | 14,064 | 1,654 | 33,092 | 104,239 |
2005 | 15,719 | 8,273 | 37,229 | 14,891 | 2,481 | 38,056 | 116,649 |
2006[33] | 18,201 | 10,755 | 43,020 | 18,200 | 2,482 | 45,501 | 141,600 |
2007[34] | 23,992 | 12,409 | 48,811 | 18,201 | 3,309 | 45,502 | 156,000 |
2008 | 25,646 | 12,410 | 49,639 | 18,200 | 1,655 | 47,156 | 154,706 |
2009 | 28,128 | 11,582 | 43,020 | 14,892 | 2,482 | 43,847 | 143,951 |
2010[40] | 33,919 | 16,546 | 57,084 | 19,028 | 1,654 | 57,911 | 189,800 |
2011 | 33,919 | 17,374 | 56,256 | 19,028 | 1,655 | 58,738 | 186,970 |
2012 | 34,747 | 17,373 | 57,084 | 17,373 | 1,655 | 57,083 | 185,315 |
2013 | 33,919 | 16,546 | 67,839 | 18,201 | 2,481 | 64,530 | 203,516 |
2014 | ? | 18,600[41] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2015 | ? | 22,058[42] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 235,600[40] |
2016[35][36] | 43,440 | 21,174[42] | 130,320 | 52,128 | ? | ? | 342,416 |
2017 | ? | 25,797[42] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 581,321[43] |
2018 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 634,700[43] |
1960–2018 | 356,879+ | 274,298+ | 635,804+ | 249,852+ | 25,645+ | 541,054+ | 4,043,926+ |
Discrete devices
Year | Discrete transistors | Diode | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power | Small-signal | Total | |||
1954–1956[45] | ? | ? | 28 | ? | 28+ |
1957[45] | ? | ? | 30 | ? | 30+ |
1958–1962 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
1963[45] | ? | ? | 303 | ? | 303+ |
1964–1965 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
1966[46] | ? | ? | 968 | ? | 968+ |
1967[46] | ? | ? | 881 | ? | 881+ |
1968[46] | ? | ? | 997 | ? | 997+ |
1969[45] | ? | ? | 1,249 | ? | 1,249+ |
1970[46] | ? | ? | 914 | ? | 914+ |
1971[45] | ? | ? | 881 | ? | 881+ |
1972–2001 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2002 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 232,472 |
2003 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 245,708 |
2004 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 287,901 |
2005 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 290,382 |
2006[33] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 321,820 |
2007[34] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 356,566 |
2008 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 324,301 |
2009 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 289,555 |
2010 | 53,000[47] | ? | 53,000+ | ? | 371,458 |
2011 | 45,000 | 110,000 | 155,000 | 143,000 | 356,000 |
2012 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 345,812 |
2013 | 44,000 | 103,000 | 147,000 | 146,000 | 358,000 |
2014 | 48,000 | 109,000 | 157,000 | 154,000 | 380,000 |
2015[40] | 52,000 | 107,000 | 159,000 | 150,000 | 372,000 |
2016[35] | 53,300 | ? | 53,300+ | ? | 382,272 |
2017 | 58,100 | ? | 58,100+ | ? | 58,100+ |
2018 | 62,800 | ? | 62,800+ | ? | 62,800+ |
1954–2018 | 416,200+ | 429,000+ | 851,451+ | 593,000+ | 5,041,398+ |
Sales
Manufacturers headquartered in the following places are the sales leaders in the pure-play foundry, IDM (integrated device manufacturing), fabless manufacturing and OSAT (outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing) sectors of the industry.[30]
Manufacturers headquartered in the United States have fabrication plants across the world, including over 50% in the Americas, 39% in the Asia-Pacific region (including 9% in Japan), and 9% in Europe.[30]
See also
- Electronic design automation
- List of EDA companies
- List of semiconductor fabrication plants
- Semiconductor consolidation
- Semiconductor device fabrication
- Semiconductor fabrication plant
- Semiconductor Industry Association
- Semiconductor industry in India
- Semiconductor industry in Taiwan
- Semiconductor industry in China
- Semiconductor industry in South Korea
- Transistor count
Notes
- ^ Formerly Hyundai Electronics.
- ^ Acquired Elpida Memory and Powerchip.
- ^ Formerly Toshiba Memory.
- ^ Acquired Maxim Integrated.
- ^ Acquired Cypress Semiconductor.
References
- ^ a b c d e "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Power Electronics: A Strategy for Success" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Global Consumer Electronics Market to Reach US$ 2.9 Trillion by 2020 - Persistence Market Research". PR Newswire. Persistence Market Research. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "IT Industry Outlook 2019". CompTIA. January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Global e-Commerce sales surged to $29 trillion". United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ^ Kamal, Kamal Y. (2022). "The Silicon Age: Trends in Semiconductor Devices Industry" (PDF). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review. 15 (1): 110–115. doi:10.25103/jestr.151.14. ISSN 1791-2377. S2CID 249074588. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
- ^ Kharpal, Arjun (2022-02-15). "Global semiconductor sales top half a trillion dollars for first time as chip production gets boost". CNBC. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ Kamal, Kamal Y. (2022). "The Silicon Age: Trends in Semiconductor Devices Industry" (PDF). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review. 15 (1): 110–115. doi:10.25103/jestr.151.14. ISSN 1791-2377. S2CID 249074588. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
- ^ "Semiconductor Manufacturing by Country 2024". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
- ^ Staff, ReportLinker. “Global Semiconductor Market Outlook 2022 Archived 2016-09-23 at the Wayback Machine.” January 13, 2016. February 19, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Chipmaking is being redesigned. Effects will be far-reaching". The Economist. 2021-01-23. ISSN 0013-0613.
- ^ "GlobalFoundries Stops All 7nm Development: Opts to Focus on Specialized Processes".
- ^ "Gartner Says Worldwide Semiconductor Revenue Grew 1.1% in 2022". Gartner. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
- ^ "Gartner Says Worldwide Semiconductor Revenue Grew 10.4% in 2020". Gartner. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
- ^ a b "Semiconductor sales revenue worldwide from 1987 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)". Statista. July 4, 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Global Chip Sales Hit $255.6 Billion in 2007". Semiconductor Industry Association. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ "Global Power Semiconductor Market 2017-2018 to 2023: Analysis by Material, Component, Industry and Region". Business Wire. Research and Markets. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ Woodall, Jerry M. (2010). "Non-Silicon MOSFET Technology: A Long Time Coming". Fundamentals of III-V Semiconductor MOSFETs. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 9781441915474.
- ^ "Power Transistors to Hit Another Sales Record After Growth Bubble Ends". IC Insights. May 14, 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ Asthana, Rajiv; Kumar, Ashok; Dahotre, Narendra B. (2022). Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science. Elsevier. p. 488. ISBN 9780080464886.
- ^ "Samsung Takes Semiconductor Crown From Intel in 2021". Counterpoint Research. 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
- ^ "ic insights". www.icinsights.com. 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ a b Manners, David (14 November 2018). "Top Ten (+5) Semiconductor Companies 2018". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Top 25 2011 Semiconductor Sales Ranking". IC Insights. April 5, 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011.
- ^ "WORLDWIDE IC MANUFACTURERS" (PDF). Smithsonian Institution. 1997. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ a b "1980s Trends in the Semiconductor Industry". Semiconductor History Museum of Japan. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "BEYOND BORDERS: THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR VALUE CHAIN" (PDF). Semiconductor Industry Association. May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ a b c Bahai, Ahmed (2015). "Innovation in Power Electronics" (PDF). SEMICON West. Texas Instruments. Retrieved 23 October 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. April 2, 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2016". IC Insights. February 18, 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2017". IC Insights. February 17, 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b c Manners, David (10 March 2017). "Semi units to hit a trillion next year". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b "Research Report on China Integrated Circuit Industry, 2018-2022: In 2017, Sales Value of Local IC Companies Reached Approximately USD 80.15 Billion". GlobeNewswire. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b Port, Otis (9 December 1996). "The Silicon Age? It's Just Dawning". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. p. 1-7. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "MOS Memory Market Trends" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1998. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d McGrath, Dylan (8 March 2016). "Semiconductor Shipments to Top 1 Trillion Units in 2018". EE Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ Roos, Gina (4 February 2015). "Microcontroller Market Continues to Strengthen". EPS News. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ^ a b c "Microcontroller sales set to soar, says IC Insights". Electronic Specifier. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ a b "Global and China $578 Bn Integrated Circuit Industries Markets, 2014-2018 & 2019-2023". PR Newswire. Research and Markets. June 5, 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
- ^ "Global discrete semiconductor shipments by type 2011-2020". Statista. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1.
- ^ a b c d Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant. United States Tariff Commission. 1971. p. A-15.
- ^ Clarke, Peter (June 24, 2011). "Power transistor market set to grow 9% in 2011". EE Times. Retrieved 29 October 2019.