Kale (moon)

Kale
	Discovery images of Kale by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in December 2001
Discovery
Discovered by	Scott S. Sheppard; David C. Jewitt; Jan T. Kleyna
Discovery site	Mauna Kea Observatory
Discovery date	9 December 2001
Designations
Designation	Jupiter XXXVII
Pronunciation	/ˈkeɪliː/
Named after	Καλή Kălē
Alternative names	S/2001 J 8
Adjectives	Kalean /kəˈliːən/
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5)
Observation arc	16.29 yr (5,951 days)
Semi-major axis	0.1571703 AU (23,512,340 km)
Eccentricity	0.2893464
Orbital period (sidereal)	–736.55 d
Mean anomaly	31.49453°
Mean motion	0° 29m 19.565s / day
Inclination	166.17658° (to ecliptic)
Longitude of ascending node	153.58621°
Argument of perihelion	138.91240°
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Carme group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	2 km
Albedo	0.04 (assumed)
Apparent magnitude	23.0
Absolute magnitude (H)	16.3

Kale /ˈkeɪliː/, also known as Jupiter XXXVII, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 2001 by astronomers Scott S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, and J. Kleyna, and was originally designated as S/2001 J 8.^[6]^[1]

Kale is about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409 Mm (13,924,000 mi) in 736.55 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003^[7] after Kale, one of the Charites (‹See Tfd›Greek: Χάριτες, Latin: Gratiae, 'Graces'), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm (14,000,000–15,000,000 mi) and at an inclination of about 165°.

References

^ ^a ^b MPEC 2002-J54: Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery and ephemeris)
^ as 'Cale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
^ ^a ^b "M.P.C. 127088" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 17 November 2020.
^ "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
^ IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery)
^ IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Archived 2008-07-09 at the Wayback Machine 2003 August (naming the moon)

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[MPEC-2002-J54-1] MPEC 2002-J54: Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery and ephemeris)

[2] s 'Cale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[MPC127088-3] "M.P.C. 127088" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 17 November 2020.

[jpl-phys-4] "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

[SheppardMoons-5] Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 December 2020.

[6] IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery)

[7] IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Archived 2008-07-09 at the Wayback Machine 2003 August (naming the moon)

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v t e Moons of Jupiter
Listed in increasing approximate distance from Jupiter
Inner moons	Metis Adrastea Amalthea Thebe
Galilean moons	Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
Themisto	Themisto
Himalia group (9)	Leda Ersa S/2018 J 2 Himalia Pandia Lysithea Elara S/2011 J 3 Dia
Carpo group (2)	S/2018 J 4 Carpo
Valetudo	Valetudo
Ananke group (26)	Euporie Jupiter LV Eupheme S/2021 J 3 Jupiter LII Jupiter LIV Mneme Euanthe S/2003 J 16 Harpalyke Orthosie S/2022 J 3 Helike S/2021 J 2 Praxidike Jupiter LXIV S/2021 J 1 S/2003 J 12 Jupiter LXVIII Thelxinoe Thyone S/2003 J 2 Ananke Iocaste Hermippe Jupiter LXX
Carme group (30)	S/2022 J 1 S/2022 J 2 S/2016 J 3 Pasithee Jupiter LXIX S/2021 J 6 S/2003 J 24 Chaldene Jupiter LXIII Isonoe S/2021 J 4 Kallichore Erinome Kale Eirene Aitne Eukelade Arche Taygete Jupiter LXXII Carme Herse Jupiter LXI Jupiter LI S/2003 J 9 Jupiter LXVI Kalyke S/2018 J 3 S/2021 J 5 S/2003 J 10
Pasiphae group (18)	Philophrosyne Eurydome Jupiter LVI S/2003 J 4 S/2016 J 4 Jupiter LXVII Hegemone Pasiphae Sponde Megaclite Cyllene Sinope Jupiter LIX Aoede Autonoe Callirrhoe S/2003 J 23 Kore
See also	Rings of Jupiter Jupiter's moons in fiction
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