Isotopes of mercury
Appearance
(Redirected from Mercury-202)
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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Hg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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There are seven stable isotopes of mercury (80Hg) with 202Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are 194Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and 203Hg with a half-life of 46.612 days. Most of the remaining 40 radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199Hg and 201Hg are the most often studied NMR-active nuclei, having spin quantum numbers of 1/2 and 3/2 respectively. All isotopes of mercury are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. These isotopes are predicted to undergo either alpha decay or double beta decay.
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Spin and parity [n 7][n 4] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
170Hg[4] | 80 | 90 | 80(+400-40) μs | α | 166Pt | 0+ | |||||||||||||
171Hg | 80 | 91 | 171.00376(32)# | 80(30) μs [59(+36−16) μs] |
α | 167Pt | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
172Hg | 80 | 92 | 171.99883(22) | 420(240) μs [0.25(+35−9) ms] |
α | 168Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
173Hg | 80 | 93 | 172.99724(22)# | 1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5−2) ms] |
α | 169Pt | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
174Hg | 80 | 94 | 173.992864(21) | 2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18−7) ms] |
α | 170Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
175Hg | 80 | 95 | 174.99142(11) | 10.8(4) ms | α | 171Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
176Hg | 80 | 96 | 175.987355(15) | 20.4(15) ms | α (98.6%) | 172Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (1.4%) | 176Au | ||||||||||||||||||
177Hg | 80 | 97 | 176.98628(8) | 127.3(18) ms | α (85%) | 173Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (15%) | 177Au | ||||||||||||||||||
178Hg | 80 | 98 | 177.982483(14) | 0.269(3) s | α (70%) | 174Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (30%) | 178Au | ||||||||||||||||||
179Hg | 80 | 99 | 178.981834(29) | 1.09(4) s | α (53%) | 175Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (47%) | 179Au | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (.15%) | 178Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
180Hg | 80 | 100 | 179.978266(15) | 2.58(1) s | β+ (52%) | 180Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (48%) | 176Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
181Hg | 80 | 101 | 180.977819(17) | 3.6(1) s | β+ (64%) | 181Au | 1/2(−) | ||||||||||||
α (36%) | 177Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (.014%) | 180Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, α (9×10−6%) | 177Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
181mHg | 210(40)# keV | 13/2+ | |||||||||||||||||
182Hg | 80 | 102 | 181.97469(1) | 10.83(6) s | β+ (84.8%) | 182Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (15.2%) | 178Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (10−5%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
183Hg | 80 | 103 | 182.974450(9) | 9.4(7) s | β+ (74.5%) | 183Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
α (25.5%) | 179Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (5.6×10−4%) | 182Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
183m1Hg | 198(14) keV | 13/2+# | |||||||||||||||||
183m2Hg | 240(40)# keV | 5# s | β+ | 183Au | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||
184Hg | 80 | 104 | 183.971713(11) | 30.6(3) s | β+ (98.89%) | 184Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (1.11%) | 180Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
185Hg | 80 | 105 | 184.971899(17) | 49.1(10) s | β+ (94%) | 185Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
α (6%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
185mHg | 99.3(5) keV | 21.6(15) s | IT (54%) | 185Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (46%) | 185Au | ||||||||||||||||||
α (.03%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
186Hg | 80 | 106 | 185.969362(12) | 1.38(6) min | β+ (99.92%) | 186Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (.016%) | 182Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
186mHg | 2217.3(4) keV | 82(5) μs | (8−) | ||||||||||||||||
187Hg | 80 | 107 | 186.969814(15) | 1.9(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (1.2×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
187mHg | 59(16) keV | 2.4(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (2.5×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
188Hg | 80 | 108 | 187.967577(12) | 3.25(15) min | β+ | 188Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (3.7×10−5%) | 184Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
188mHg | 2724.3(4) keV | 134(15) ns | (12+) | ||||||||||||||||
189Hg | 80 | 109 | 188.96819(4) | 7.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
189mHg | 80(30) keV | 8.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
190Hg | 80 | 110 | 189.966322(17) | 20.0(5) min | β+[n 8] | 190Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
191Hg | 80 | 111 | 190.967157(24) | 49(10) min | β+ | 191Au | 3/2(−) | ||||||||||||
191mHg | 128(22) keV | 50.8(15) min | β+ | 191Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
192Hg | 80 | 112 | 191.965634(17) | 4.85(20) h | EC[n 9] | 192Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
193Hg | 80 | 113 | 192.966665(17) | 3.80(15) h | β+ | 193Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
193mHg | 140.76(5) keV | 11.8(2) h | β+ (92.9%) | 193Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (7.1%) | 193Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
194Hg | 80 | 114 | 193.965439(13) | 444(77) y | EC | 194Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
195Hg | 80 | 115 | 194.966720(25) | 10.53(3) h | β+ | 195Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
195mHg | 176.07(4) keV | 41.6(8) h | IT (54.2%) | 195Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (45.8%) | 195Au | ||||||||||||||||||
196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195.965833(3) | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 0+ | 0.0015(1) | |||||||||||||
197Hg | 80 | 117 | 196.967213(3) | 64.14(5) h | EC | 197Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
197mHg | 298.93(8) keV | 23.8(1) h | IT (91.4%) | 197Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
EC (8.6%) | 197Au | ||||||||||||||||||
198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197.9667690(4) | Observationally Stable[n 11] | 0+ | 0.0997(20) | |||||||||||||
199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198.9682799(4) | Observationally Stable[n 12] | 1/2− | 0.1687(22) | |||||||||||||
199mHg | 532.48(10) keV | 42.66(8) min | IT | 199Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199.9683260(4) | Observationally Stable[n 13] | 0+ | 0.2310(19) | |||||||||||||
201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200.9703023(6) | Observationally Stable[n 14] | 3/2− | 0.1318(9) | |||||||||||||
201mHg | 766.22(15) keV | 94(3) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201.9706430(6) | Observationally Stable[n 15] | 0+ | 0.2986(26) | |||||||||||||
203Hg | 80 | 123 | 202.9728725(18) | 46.595(6) d | β− | 203Tl | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
203mHg | 933.14(23) keV | 24(4) μs | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203.9734939(4) | Observationally Stable[n 16] | 0+ | 0.0687(15) | |||||||||||||
205Hg | 80 | 125 | 204.976073(4) | 5.14(9) min | β− | 205Tl | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
205mHg | 1556.40(17) keV | 1.09(4) ms | IT | 205Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205.977514(22) | 8.15(10) min | β− | 206Tl | 0+ | Trace[n 17] | |||||||||||
207Hg | 80 | 127 | 206.98259(16) | 2.9(2) min | β− | 207Tl | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
208Hg | 80 | 128 | 207.98594(32)# | 42(5) min [41(+5−4) min] |
β− | 208Tl | 0+ | ||||||||||||
209Hg | 80 | 129 | 208.99104(21)# | 37(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||||
210Hg | 80 | 130 | 209.99451(32)# | 10# min [>300 ns] |
0+ | ||||||||||||||
211Hg | 80 | 131 | 210.99380(200)# | 26(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||||
212Hg | 80 | 132 | 212.02760(300)# | 1# min [>300 ns] |
0+ | ||||||||||||||
213Hg | 80 | 133 | 213.07670(300)# | 1# s [>300 ns] |
5/2+# | ||||||||||||||
214Hg | 80 | 134 | 214.11180(400)# | 1# s [>300 ns] |
0+ | ||||||||||||||
215Hg | 80 | 135 | 215.16210(400)# | 1# s [>300 ns] |
3/2+# | ||||||||||||||
216Hg | 80 | 136 | 216.19860(400)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] |
0+ | ||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mHg – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Theoretically capable of α decay to 186Pt[1]
- ^ Theoretically capable of α decay to 188Pt[1]
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 196Pt with a half-life over 2.5×1018 years; also theorized to undergo α decay to 192Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 194Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 195Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 196Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 197Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 198Pt
- ^ Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 204Pb
- ^ Intermediate decay product of 238U
References
- ^ a b c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Mercury". CIAAW. 2011.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ Hilton, J.; et al. (2019). "α-spectroscopy studies of the new nuclides 165Pt and 170Hg". Physical Review C. 100 (1): 014305. Bibcode:2019PhRvC.100a4305H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.100.014305. S2CID 199118719.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.