List of Shang dynasty states
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The list of states refers to the various vassal tribes and states during the Shang dynasty in ancient China. Today, scholars' understanding of these states (Chinese:"方") primarily comes from oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the late Shang dynasty Yinxu. In these inscriptions, these tribal states are often referred to as name + "方".[1] In modern style Chinese the term can be duplicated to Fangguo (Traditional Chinese: 方國).
List of Fangs
Name of Fang | Period of existence | Rough geographical location | Relations with the Shang dynasty |
---|---|---|---|
Shang Fang (商方) | Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty | Yinxu (「大邑商」"Da Yi Shang", "Shang, the Great City") (Present Anyang, Henan Province) | |
Zi Fang (子方) | Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty | Near the Yin (Present Shangqiu, Henan Province) | swing |
Tu Fang (土方) | Early to middle Shang dynasty, conquered by Wu Ding | Northwest of Yin, east of Hong Fang (Present Fen River Basin, Shanxi Province) | enemy |
Hong Fang (𢀛方) | Shang dynasty, to period of Zu Geng | Northwest of Yin, West of Tu Fang (Present Shaanxi Province北部, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
Gui Fang (鬼方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (Present central Shanxi Province and northern Shaanxi province, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | ally |
Qiang Fang (羌方) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (Present Shaanxi Province、the area around Gansu Province, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
Northern Qiang (北羌) | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin, north of Qiang Fang | swing |
Ren Fang (人方) | Shang dynasty | Southeast of Yin, 東海之濱 (Present 淮河流域以及山東半島黃海之濱, 安徽北部、山東南部) | swing |
Zhou Fang1 (周方) | Middle to late Shang dynasty, overthrew King Zhou of Shang and established the Zhou dynasty. | West of Yin (Present Qishan County, Baoji, Shaanxi Province) | swing |
Dapeng (大彭) | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present Tongshan, Xuzhou, Jiangsu) | swing |
唐方 | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin | |
井方 | Shang dynasty | Northwest of Yin (Present Shanxi Province運城市河津市之西、Shaanxi Province寶雞市岐山縣之南) | ally |
林方 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (淮河以南) | swing |
興方 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | swing |
馬方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province呂梁市石樓縣) | enemy |
豕方 | Shang dynasty | ||
危方 | Shang dynasty | swing | |
盂方1 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | |
東盂方 | Shang dynasty | swing | |
西盂方 | Shang dynasty | swing | |
沚方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
旁方 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省曲阜市) | swing |
戈方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province南部) | ally |
木方 | Shang dynasty | ||
巴方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | enemy |
亙方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
龍方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
基方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province臨汾市蒲縣) | enemy |
湔方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | enemy |
亞方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Jiyuan, Henan Province) | ally |
祭方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin, 位於商周之間 | swing |
示方 | Shang dynasty | ||
髳方 | Shang dynasty | enemy | |
召方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
印方 | Shang dynasty | ||
虎方 | Shang dynasty | ally | |
微方 | Shang dynasty | ||
息方 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (Henan Province信陽市羅山縣) | ally |
眣方 | Shang dynasty | ||
止方 | Shang dynasty | ||
尹方 | Shang dynasty | ||
步方 | Shang dynasty | ||
歸方 | Shang dynasty | 殷之 (Present湖北省宜昌市秭歸縣) | enemy |
曾方 | Shang dynasty | ||
祝方 | Shang dynasty | ||
弄方 | Shang dynasty | ||
吹方 | Shang dynasty | ||
屮方 (艸方?) | Shang dynasty | ||
(月丮) 方 | Shang dynasty | ||
10px方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin, Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau | enemy |
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Shang dynasty | ally | |
㠱方 | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (Present北京市、河北省東北部至遼寧省西部一帶) | ally |
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Shang dynasty | ||
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Shang dynasty | ||
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Shang dynasty | ||
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Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
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Shang dynasty | ||
下危 | Shang dynasty | North of Yin | enemy |
雇 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (PresentHenan Province原陽縣西南、原武鎮西北) | ally |
暴 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (PresentHenan Province原陽縣) | ally |
盧 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (Present 湖北省十堰市竹山縣與Shaanxi Province安康市之間) | |
雀方 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin (Present 江西省鄱阳湖地区) | ally |
矢方 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | enemy |
奠 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
黍 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
竹 | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (以河北省秦皇島市盧龍縣為中心地區, Present河北省東北部、遼寧省西部、內蒙古自治區東南角) | ally |
攸 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (PresentHenan Province永城市南部、安徽省宿州市西北) | ally |
元 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (PresentHenan Province永城市) | ally |
及 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present Henan Province永城市) | ally |
侁 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省菏澤市曹縣) | |
告 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省菏澤市成武縣) | ally |
盾 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
魋 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | enemy |
醜 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省濰坊市青州市) | ally |
紀 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省濰坊市壽光市) | |
薛 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省滕州市) | |
兒 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present 山東省滕州市) | swing |
豐1 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | swing |
逢 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
薄姑 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin | ally |
鬱方 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
宣方 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
羞方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
杞方 | Shang dynasty | East of Yin (Present Qi County, Kaifeng, Henan Province) | ally |
宋方 | Shang dynasty | North of Yin (Present Zhao County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province) | ally |
貝方 | Shang dynasty | South of Yin | |
倉方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shaanxi Province商洛市商州區) | ally |
犬方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | swing |
昜方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province臨汾市洪洞縣) | |
缶方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | |
彭方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
丹方 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Henan Province焦作市沁陽市) | ally |
去 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
上絲 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
禾 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
光 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ally |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
可 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, Henan Province) | ally |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
耳 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
呂 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau) | swing |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
丙 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province晉中市靈石縣) | |
先 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province臨汾市浮山縣) | |
Shang dynasty | West of Yin | ||
豐2 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shaanxi Province灃河以西) | ally |
鎬 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shaanxi Province灃河以東) | swing |
郍 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan Province) | |
盂方2 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Northwest of Qinyang, Jiaozuo, Henan Province) | |
鹿 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Song County, Luoyang, Henan Province) | swing |
耆 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province長治市黎城縣) | swing |
崇國 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) | swing |
密須 | Shang dynasty | West of Yin (Present 平涼市靈台縣, Gansu province) | swing |
戔 | Shang dynasty | Unknown | ally |
See also
References
- ^ D. Howard Smith (1961). "Chinese Religion in the Shang Dynasty". Numen. 8: 142–150. doi:10.1163/156852761X00090.