Timeline of Irish inventions and discoveries

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Irish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to an Irish person. Often, things which are discovered for the first time, are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. Below is a list of such inventions.

List

Year Invention/discovery Inventor/discoverer Ref.
Late 7th century Word spacing Irish scribes [1]
1662 Boyle’s law Robert Boyle [2]
1730 Entrepreneurship concept Richard Cantillon [3]
1805 Beaufort scale Francis Beaufort [4]
1809 Milk of Magnesia James Murray [5]
1812 Clanny safety lamp William Reid Clanny [6]
1820 Rasher Henry Denny [7]
1830 Coffey still Aeneas Coffey [8]
1831 Treatment of cholera through intravenous therapy William Brooke O'Shaughnessy [9]
1832 Kyanizing John Howard Kyan [10]
1836 Induction coil Nicholas Callan [11]
1841 Medical cannabis in Western medicine William Brooke O'Shaughnessy [12]
1843 Quaternion William Rowan Hamilton [13]
1844 Hypodermic needle Francis Rynd [14]
1848 Kelvin scale Lord Kelvin [15]
1851 Binaural stethoscope Arthur Leared [16]
1856 Icosian calculus William Rowan Hamilton [17]
1857 “Seismology” word Robert Mallet [18]
1859 Confirmation of the greenhouse effect John Tyndall [19]
1877 Brennan torpedo Louis Brennan [20]
1881 Stoney units George Johnstone Stoney [21]
1885 Cream cracker Joseph Haughton [22]
1888 Gregg shorthand John Robert Gregg [23]
1891 “Electron” word George Johnstone Stoney [24]
1894 Cohesion-tension theory John Joly [25]
Joly colour screen [26]
1897 USS Holland John Philip Holland [27]
1900 Reflector sight Howard Grubb [28]
1914 Dublin method John Joly [29]
1925 Schrödinger equation Erwin Schrödinger [30]
1926 Three-point hitch Harry Ferguson [31]
1931 Drumm Battery Train James J. Drumm [32]
Sudocrem Thomas Smith [33]
1947 Duty-free shopping Brendan O'Regan [34]
1950 Flavored potato chip Joseph Murphy [35]
1954 Clofazimine Vincent Barry [36]
1960s Pantridge defibrillator Frank Pantridge [37]
1970s Ivermectin William C. Campbell [38]
2003 Sugru Jane Ní Dhulchaointigh [39]
2010 Spicebag Sunflower Chinese Takeaway [40]

See also

References

  1. ^ Saenger, Paul (1997). Space Between Words. Stanford University Press.
  2. ^ "Boyle's law - chemistry". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  3. ^ "How Entrepreneurship Theory Created Economics". Mises Institute. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  4. ^ "Beaufort scale". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  5. ^ "Stomach upset innovator honoured". BBC News. 25 February 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  6. ^ Brief History of the Miner's Flame Safety Lamp Archived 26 August 2003 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "10 Irish inventions that changed the world".
  8. ^ Carlton, Carla Harris (2017). Barrel Strength Bourbon: The Explosive Growth of America's Whiskey. Clerisy Press. p. 113. ISBN 9781578605767.
  9. ^ Moon, J. B. (1967). "Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy: The foundations of fluid therapy and the Indian telegraph service". New England Journal of Medicine. 276 (5): 283–284. doi:10.1056/NEJM196702022760509. PMID 5333950.
  10. ^ Standards, United States National Bureau of (1927). Standards and Specifications in the Wood-using Industries: Nationally Recognised Standards and Specifications for Wood and Manufactures Thereof Including Paper and Paper Products ... October 5, 1927 ... U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 76.
  11. ^ McKeith, Niall. "Reverend Professor Nicholas Callan". National Science Museum. St. Patrick's College, Maynooth. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  12. ^ Alison Mack; Janet Joy (2000). Marijuana As Medicine?: The Science Beyond the Controversy. National Academies Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-309-06531-3. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  13. ^ "Sir William Rowan Hamilton - Irish mathematician and astronomer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  14. ^ "The Irish doctor who invented the syringe". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  15. ^ "Discoveries - Lord Kelvin - National Library of Scotland". digital.nls.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  16. ^ Prynne, Miranda (201). "A history of the stethoscope". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  17. ^ William Rowan Hamilton (1856). "Memorandum respecting a new System of Roots of Unity" (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 12: 446.
  18. ^ Society, The Royal (22 January 2005). "Robert Mallet and the 'Great Neapolitan earthquake' of 1857". Notes and Records. 59 (1): 45–64. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0076. ISSN 0035-9149. S2CID 71003016.
  19. ^ John Tyndall, Heat considered as a Mode of Motion (500 pages; year 1863, 1873)
  20. ^ Everett, H. R.; Toscano, Michael (2015). Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II. MIT Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780262331760.
  21. ^ Ray, T. P. "Stoney's fundamental units". Irish Astronomical Journal, Vol. 15, p. 152, 1981 15 (1981): 152.
  22. ^ "Cream Crackers – An Authentically Irish Snack". Irish American Mom. 26 October 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  23. ^ "John Robert Gregg - American stenographer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  24. ^ G. Johnstone Stoney (1894). "Of the "Electron," or Atom of Electricity". Phil. Mag. 5. 38: 418–420.
  25. ^ Dixon, Henry H.; Joly, J. (1894). "On the ascent of sap". Annals of Botany. 8: 468–470.
  26. ^ Hirsch, Robert (2004). Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide. Laurence King Publishing. pp. 29–30. ISBN 1-85669-420-8.
  27. ^ "John Holland Father of the Modern Submarine". Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  28. ^ Lockyer, Sir Norman (1902). Nature. Macmillan Journals Limited. p. 227. Retrieved 13 April 2018 – via Internet Archive. grubb for sighting devices for guns.
  29. ^ "The Irish man who brought radiotherapy forward". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  30. ^ Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8.
  31. ^ "Harry Ferguson: Planes, tractors and automobiles". BBC Timelines. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  32. ^ "Flashback 1931 - first journey of battery-powered train - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. 6 December 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  33. ^ "10 Things You Never Knew About Homegrown Product Sudocrem". 98fm.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  34. ^ "Brendan O'Regan". The Times. 13 February 2008. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  35. ^ "Joe 'Spud' Murphy: The Man Who Gave Potato Chips Flavor". HuffPost. 20 April 2012.
  36. ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 132. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  37. ^ Crutchley, Peter (3 October 2016). "'Father of emergency medicine' celebrated". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  38. ^ Campbell WC (May 2012). "History of avermectin and ivermectin, with notes on the history of other macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agents". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 13 (6): 853–865. doi:10.2174/138920112800399095. PMID 22039784.
  39. ^ "Kilkenny woman invents best thing since blu-Tack and Sellotape". Kilkenny People. 25 January 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  40. ^ Who invented the spice bag?, retrieved 21 December 2020 (Originally broadcast on The Business on RTE Radio 1 on 27/08/2016.)
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