Changanassery
Changanassery | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
Clockwise, top to bottom: St. Berchmans College; The Anchuviḷakku; Iḷamkavu Devi Temple; The boat jetty | |
  Changanassery  Changanassery | |
| Coordinates: 9°28′00″N 76°33′00″E / 9.466667°N 76.55°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kottayam |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipality |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 13.5 km2 (5.2 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 43.8 km2 (16.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Municipality | 47,485 |
| • Density | 3,500/km2 (9,100/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 127,987 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam, English[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 686101 |
| Telephone code | 0481 |
| Vehicle registration | KL 33 |
Changanassery, (Malayalam: [t͡ʃɐŋːɐnaːʃeːɾi]) also spelt Changanacherry, is a municipality in Kottayam district in Kerala, India. It is also the headquarters of the Changanassery Taluk. The town is spread over an area of 14.3 km2 (5.5 sq mi) and has a population of 47,685. Changanassery is located 17 km (11 mi) south of the district headquarters Kottayam and 117 km (73 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Changanassery is an important market town, was historically one of the centres of administration and culture in the Central Travancore region. The Changanassery market, established in AD 1805, served as the main trading point in the transport of rice, pepper, dry ginger, and piece goods between the coastal areas in the west and the mountains of the east. The "Anchu Vilakku" lamps were installed by the locals in 1905 near the boat jetty, and continues to serve as a symbol of the religious and ethnic harmony of the region.[2][3]
Etymology
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History
The first recorded history on the origin of Changanacherry is obtained from Sangam period literature. According to Sangam era documents, Uthiyan Cheralathan (Perum Chorru Udiyan Cheralathan, Athan I, or Udiyanjeral - AD c. 130) is the first recorded Kera (Chera) dynasty ruler of the Sangam period in ancient South India. [4][5]
Historically, Changanassery was a major regional centre, serving as a connecting hub. It also hosted one of the most famous markets in Kerala. The town served as the capital of the Thekkumkur kingdom in the 15th century.
From the mid-16th century, Changanassery was annexed into Travancore, and remained a part of it till the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956.
Administration
The city is governed by the Changanacherry Municipal Council.Ms Sandhya Manoj is the chairperson of the municipality and the vice chairperson Mr Binu.[6]
It heads the taluk Kachery (office). It also heads the Munsiff's court and the judicial first class magistrate's court.[7] Changanacherry assembly constituency was a part of Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency).[8] However, after the Delimitation Commission's Report in 2005, in order to retain Mavelikkara Lok Sabha Constituency, Changanacherry segment in Kottayam and the neighbouring constituencies in Alappuzha and Kollam districts were put together under Mavelikkara constituency. Sri. Kodikunnil Suresh represents Mavelikkara constituency in Parliament and Sri. Job Michael represents Changanacherry Constituency in the Kerala Legislative Assembly now.
Geography and climate
Changanassery has a tropical monsoon climate. There is significant rainfall in most months of the year. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The temperature here averages 26.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is about 2979 mm.
| Climate data for Thiruvalla | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31 (88) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29 (84) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27 (81) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
26 (1.0) |
67 (2.6) |
167 (6.6) |
346 (13.6) |
530 (20.9) |
497 (19.6) |
401 (15.8) |
305 (12.0) |
324 (12.8) |
222 (8.7) |
72 (2.8) |
2,979 (117.3) |
| Source: http://en.climate-data.org/location/44308 | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 14,264 | — |
| 1911 | 17,242 | +20.9% |
| 1921 | 18,955 | +9.9% |
| 1931 | 24,201 | +27.7% |
| 1941 | 28,381 | +17.3% |
| 1951 | 36,289 | +27.9% |
| 1961 | 42,376 | +16.8% |
| 1971 | 48,545 | +14.6% |
| 1981 | 51,955 | +7.0% |
| 1991 | 52,455 | +1.0% |
| 2001 | 51,967 | −0.9% |
| 2011 | 47,685 | −8.2% |
The Indian census collects statistics for both the Changanassery municipality and the Changanassery Urban Agglomeration (including its surrounding panchayat areas). The Changanassery UA includes Changanassery municipality as well as neighbouring panchayats like Paippad, Thrikodithanam and Chethipuzha in Vazhapilly panchayat.
As of the 2011 Indian census Changanassery municipality has a population of 47,485, an 8.2% decline from the 51,967 registered in 2001. Of this, 48.13% are male and 51.86% are female. The total population of the Changanassery UA is 127,987, of which 48.29% are male and 51.71% are female.[9][10] The percentage of children below the age of 6 was 8.9% in Changanassery and 9.02% in the Changanassery UA. The literacy rate of Changanassery in 2011 was 97.19% (98.01% for males and 96.45% for females), which was higher than the state average of 94% and the national average of 74.04%. The literacy rate of the Changanassery UA in 2011 was 97.56% (98.19% for males and 96.98% for females)
Religion
Religion in Changanassery (2011)[11]
According to the 2011 census, Hindus are the plurality with 48% of the population adhering to the religion. Christians form a significant minority, constituting 35% of the population. Muslims constitute 17% of the population.[12]
The headquarters of the Nair Service Society, an organization created for the social advancement and welfare of the Nair community of Hindus, is located in Perunna. Changanassery is also the center of the Archdiocese of Changanassery, one of the largest dioceses of the Syro-Malabar Catholic church in India. The Holy Trinity Church in Changanacherry is considered one of the pioneering "born-again" churches in Kerala, playing a significant role in shaping the new Christian identity within the state.
Education
There was a Vedic school at Vazhappally Salagramam (Vazhappally Shala) in ancient times during the rule of the Thekkumkur. It was run exclusively for Brahmins. It is the oldest educational institution in Changanassery on record. The Vazhappally Sala was destroyed by army of Ramayyan Dalawa during the Battle of Changanassery between Thekkumkur and Travancore in 1790.[13]
- St. Berchmans College, Changanassery (June 19, 1922); The college was initially started in a building (now it is a museum) near to St. Mary's Parel Church. It was a junior college affiliated to Madras University. In 1927, graduate courses were started. Travencore University was founded on November 1, 1937 to which the college was then affiliated. Postgraduate courses were started in 1957.Now it is affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam. St. Berchmans College situated in Changanacherry , Kottayam District, Kerala, is an independent instructive (Autonomous) organization associated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. This establishment was established in 1922 and is perceived under the UGC Act, 1956. In the fifth pattern of accreditation in 2022, the school was evaluated at A+ by the NAAC. It was positioned 54 in All India Ranking by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022 in the class of College.
- NSS Hindu College, Changanassery (June 1949); The college was started in the rooms provided at the N.S.S. High School and it was shifted to a new building subsequently in 1955. NSS Hindu College, Changanassery, one of the biggest and most seasoned establishments of advanced education in Kerala. Set up in 1947, it is licensed from UGC, NAAC and it is associated to Mahatma Gandhi University. NSS, Changanassery offers 30 courses across 5 streams specifically Vocational, Arts, Hotel Management, Science, Commerce and Banking and across 8 degrees like BA, BSc, B.Com, MA, MSc. Hostel office isn't accessible for its understudies.
- Assumption College, Changanasserry (1950); This college dedicated for Women. Assumption College, affiliated to University of Kerala in 1949, is at present affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. Included under section 2(f) and 12 B of the UGC Act, the College was accredited by the NAAC in the year 2000.
- NSS Training College, Changanacherry
Religion
There is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva viz., Kalarickal Manikanda Swami Temple situated in Changanassery.
Notable people
- Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran
- Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai
- Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer
- Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran
- A. R. Raja Raja Varma
- Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai
- Kainikkara Kumara Pillai
- Accamma Cherian
- P. K. Narayana Panicker
- L. P. R. Varma
- Mar Thomas Kurialacherry
- Mar James Kalassery
- Aditya Varma Manikandan
- Mathew Kavukattu
- Muttathu Varkey
- Mar. Joseph Powathil
- Mar George Alencherry
- Alummoodan
- Dr. L.A. Ravi Varma
- Mar Thomas Tharayil
- Anju Bobby George
- Raju Narayana Swamy
- Bheeman Raghu
- Boban Alummoodan
- Geethu Anna Jose
- Parvathy Omanakuttan
- Matthew Pothen Thekaekara
- Prof. T.V. Varkey
- C.F Thomas
- Roshan Mathew
- Neville Thomas
See also
References
- ^ "The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969" (PDF).
- ^ "Changanacherry Market".
- ^ "From Anchuvilakku to Vandipetta, Changanassery beckons tourists with heritage sites".
- ^ Singh 2008, p. 384.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ "Changanacherry Municipality". Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ "Courts in Changanacherry". Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
- ^ "Kerala (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ Census data censusindia.gov.in
- ^ Census of India – Thiruvalla City population Religion data
- ^ Shungoonny Menon - A HISTORY OF TRAVANCORE - First edition: 1878, New edition: 1983, Page 130, 131 - ISBN 8170200407, 8120601696
Bibliography
- Singh, Upinder (2008), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century, New Delhi: Pearson Longman, ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0
External links
- About Changanacherry Archived 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Archdiocese of Changanacherry
- NSS HINDU COLLEGE CHANGANACHERRY
- St Joseph College of Communication
- St. Berchmans College
- Changanassery Municipality Archived 14 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine
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