Wagner Free Institute of Science

	Wagner Free Institute of Science
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	Location in Philadelphia Location in Pennsylvania Location in United States
Location	1700 West Montgomery Avenue; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates	39°58′50″N 75°9′47″W / 39.98056°N 75.16306°W
Built	1859-1865
Architect	John McArthur Jr.; Collins & Autenrieth
Architectural style	Classical Revival, Renaissance
Website	www.wagnerfreeinstitute.org
NRHP reference No.	89000361
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	May 17, 1989
Designated NHL	December 14, 1990

The Wagner Free Institute of Science is a natural history museum at 1700 West Montgomery Avenue in north Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1855, it is a rare surviving example of a Victorian era scientific society, with a museum, research center, library, and educational facilities. Its buildings, developed between 1859 and 1901, present the collections of founder William Wagner in the style of the period, and have been designated a National Historic Landmark for their architecture and state of preservation.^[2]

History

The Wagner Free Institute was founded in 1855 by William Wagner, a merchant, philanthropist, and gentleman scientist of the time, who sought to offer free educational courses to all who would seek to learn about the natural world. Wagner began offering free lectures on science at his home, Elm Grove, a colonial farm estate on the outskirts of Philadelphia in 1847. To illustrate the lectures, he drew on a collection of specimens he had gathered since his boyhood. All of the classes were offered with an open admission policy that allowed women as well as men to attend. These lectures became so popular that by 1855 he moved them first to a public hall to accommodate the rapidly growing audience, and later to its permanent home designed by Philadelphia architect John McArthur Jr., who would go on to design Philadelphia's City Hall.

Wagner continued to lecture and to lead the unique institution until his death in 1885. The Board of Trustees then appointed Joseph Leidy, a biologist of international reputation, to head its scientific and educational programs. Leidy's appointment ushered in an active and productive era in which the Institute's mission and programs were greatly expanded. Leidy's most lasting and significant contribution to the Institute was his reorganization of the Institute's museum.^[3] He greatly enlarged Wagner's original collection by further field collection, purchases and other acquisitions. Leidy personally developed and supervised their reorganization into a systematic display in which specimens and cases were arranged according to Darwin's theory of evolution, so that visitors moved from simpler to more complex organisms and through geologic time as they walked through the exhibition hall.^[4] This new display opened in 1891 and little has been altered since Leidy's time, making the Institute an exceptional example of a Victorian era science museum.^[5] In 1892, the first branch of the Philadelphia Public Library, later becoming the Free Library of Philadelphia, opened at the Wagner Institute.^[6] The branch remained open until 1962.^[6]

The Institute has continued to carry out Wagner's initial goals of offering free science courses, while also functioning as a library, lecture hall and museum.^[7] The museum maintains more than 100,000 specimens, including minerals and fossils collected by Wagner.^[8] Today, the Wagner Free Institute of Science is widely recognized as one of Philadelphia's historical treasures.^[9] While preserving its historic building and collections for future generations, the Institute also serves as a rich educational resource for programs on science, natural history, and the history of science from the 19th century to the present.^[8]^[10] The Wagner has received support from the National Endowment for the Humanities to preserve the building and its collection.^[11]

Modern photograph
Second-floor Hall and galleries.

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
^ "NHL nomination for Wagner Free Institute of Science". National Park Service. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
^ "The Wagner Free Institute: Inside the nearly hidden science museum right on Temple's doorstep". Billy Penn. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ Dickey, Colin. "America's Endangered Natural History Museums Hold the DNA Secrets of a Vanishing World". Pacific Standard. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ "Wagner Free Institute of Science". Member Profiles. Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Digital Collections: Wagner Institute Branch". Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ WHITE, MATTHEW A. (2015). "Science for All: The Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia". Pennsylvania Legacies. 15 (1): 12–17. doi:10.5215/pennlega.15.1.0012. ISSN 1544-6360. JSTOR 10.5215/pennlega.15.1.0012.
^ ^a ^b Booker, Bobbi. "Wagner Institute still a beacon to explore nature, science". The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ "Learning about life on Earth at the Wagner Museum". WHYY. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ Russ, Valerie. "In North Philadelphia, a museum is no longer a hidden gem". www.inquirer.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
^ "Wagner Free Institute of Science". National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Retrieved July 30, 2020.

External links

Official website
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. PA-6667, "Wagner Free Institute of Science", 25 photos, 2 measured drawings, 21 data pages, 2 photo caption pages

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.

[nhlnom-2] "NHL nomination for Wagner Free Institute of Science". National Park Service. Retrieved March 28, 2017.

[3] "The Wagner Free Institute: Inside the nearly hidden science museum right on Temple's doorstep". Billy Penn. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[4] Dickey, Colin. "America's Endangered Natural History Museums Hold the DNA Secrets of a Vanishing World". Pacific Standard. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[pacscl-5] "Wagner Free Institute of Science". Member Profiles. Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries. Retrieved January 6, 2014.

[:0-6] "Digital Collections: Wagner Institute Branch". Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[7] WHITE, MATTHEW A. (2015). "Science for All: The Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia". Pennsylvania Legacies. 15 (1): 12–17. doi:10.5215/pennlega.15.1.0012. ISSN 1544-6360. JSTOR 10.5215/pennlega.15.1.0012.

[:1-8] Booker, Bobbi. "Wagner Institute still a beacon to explore nature, science". The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[9] "Learning about life on Earth at the Wagner Museum". WHYY. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[10] Russ, Valerie. "In North Philadelphia, a museum is no longer a hidden gem". www.inquirer.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020.

[11] "Wagner Free Institute of Science". National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Retrieved July 30, 2020.

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