Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

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The cover of a biometric Emirati passport

Visa requirements for Emirati citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

As of 2024, Emirati citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 184 countries and territories, ranking the Emirati passport 11th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

All other passports from the 'Arab world' had a lower ranking in this respect as of 1 December 2018.[2][3][4]

The Emirati passport is one of five passports with the greatest ranking improvement in the 2006–2016 time period.[5]

Emirati citizens do not need a visa to enter other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and also have the right to work and reside in those countries. Similarly, citizens of other GCC states do not need a visa to enter the UAE. GCC citizens can use a GCC national identity card (rather than a passport) to enter the UAE.

History

Visa requirements for Emirati citizens were lifted by New Zealand (in July 1999),[6] Brunei (11 October 2003),[7] Kyrgyzstan (July 2012), Kazakhstan (July 2014), the Schengen Area countries (7 May 2015),[8] Belarus (30 April 2016),[9] Moldova (24 March 2017),[10] São Tomé and Príncipe (25 April 2017),[11][12] Argentina (16 May 2017),[13] Chad[14] and Saint Lucia in October 2017,[15] Nauru (19 November 2017),[16] Solomon Islands (19 November 2017),[17] Chile (16 December 2017),[18] Rwanda (30 December 2017),[19] Ukraine (31 December 2017),[20] China (16 January 2018),[21] Burkina Faso (30 January 2018),[22] Ireland (31 January 2018),[23] Uruguay (5 April 2018),[24] Tonga (24 May 2018),[25] Honduras (25 May 2018),[26] Brazil (2 June 2018),[27] Canada (5 June 2018),[28] Barbados (1 July 2018),[29] Mexico (31 October 2018),[30] Russia (17 February 2019),[31] Uzbekistan (20 March 2019)[32] South Africa (15 August 2019),[33] Paraguay (16 August 2019),[34] Central African Republic (8 October 2019),[35] Kiribati (23 October 2019),[36] Israel (22 October 2020),[37] Peru (8 November 2020),[38] Japan (28 September 2022),[39] Turkey (1 January 2024).[40], and United Kingdom (22 February 2024).[41]

The first possibility of electronic visas for Emirati citizens began with the United Kingdom's electronic visa waiver (EVW) program that commenced on 1 January 2014,[42][43] followed by India[44] in November 2014, Lesotho on 1 May 2017, Benin on 1 January 2018, Uzbekistan on 15 July 2018, and Tanzania on 26 November 2018.[45]

Visas on arrival for UAE citizens were introduced by Gabon in October 2017,[46] Guyana on 28 May 2018,[47][48] Pakistan on 14 March 2019,[49] Mongolia on 15 May 2019[50] and Equatorial Guinea on 28 July 2019.[51]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Emirati citizens holding ordinary passports
  United Arab Emirates
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required / Electronic Travel Authorisation
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required
  Travel banned by the Emirati government due to safety concerns

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Travel restricted by UAE government[52]
  • The Emirati government bans UAE nationals from travelling to Afghanistan except for diplomats, emergency treatment cases and pre-authorized official, scientific and economic delegations.[53]
  • Emiratis are required to obtain a visa before travelling to Afghanistan.
 Albania Visa not required[54] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[55]
 Andorra Visa not required[56]
 Angola Visa not required[57] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[58]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[59]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[60] 30 days
 Argentina Visa not required[61] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[62] 180 days
 Australia Online Visa required[63][64]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa not required[65] 90 days
 Azerbaijan Visa not required[66] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Bahamas Visa not required[67] 3 months
 Bahrain Freedom of movement[68]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[69] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[70][29] 90 days
 Belarus Visa not required[71] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Belgium Visa not required[72] 90 days
 Belize Visa required[73]
  • Permanent residents and holders of multiple entry visa of the United States may obtain a visa on arrival. Bearers of valid visas issued by a Schengen Member State are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 90 days.
 Benin eVisa[74][75] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[76][77]
  • Holders of an application for a tourist visa can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[78] 30 days[79]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[80] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Botswana Visa not required[81][82] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[83] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[84] 30 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[85] 90 days
 Burkina Faso Visa not required[86] 30 days
 Burundi Visa on arrival[87] 1 month
  • Pre-arranged visa can be collected on arrival.
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[88][89] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[90][91]
 Canada Visa not required[92][93] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[94] 3 months
 Central African Republic Visa on arrival[95]
 Chad Visa not required[96] 90 days
 Chile Visa not required [97] 90 days
 China Visa not required[98] 30 days
 Colombia Visa not required[99] 90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.
 Comoros Visa on arrival[100] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa on arrival[101][102]
  • Visa not required if Passengers with a V.I.P invitation letter.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[103][104] 7 days
  • Passenger with a letter (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security can obtain a visa on arrival.[105][106]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[107] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[108][109] 3 months
 Croatia Visa not required[110] 90 days
 Cuba Visa not required[111] 90 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[112] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Czech Republic Visa not required[113] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[114] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[115][116] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[117] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[118] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[119] 90 days
 Egypt Visa not required[120] 90 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[121] 90 days
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa / Visa on arrival[122][123] 90 days[51]
 Eritrea Visa required[124]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Estonia Visa not required[125] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa required[126]
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[127] 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[130] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[131] 90 days
 France Visa not required[132] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[133][134] 90 days
 Gambia Visa required[135]
 Georgia Visa not required[136] 360 days
 Germany Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[138]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Greece Visa not required[139] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[140] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[141] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[142][143] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[144] 90 days
 Guyana Visa on arrival[145][146]
 Haiti Visa not required[147] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[148] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.[149]
 Hungary Visa not required[150] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[151] 90 days
 India eVisa / Visa on arrival[152] 30 days / 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][153]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[154]
  • Visa on arrival is applicable to UAE citizens if they had earlier obtained e-Visa or regular/paper visa for India. This facility is not available to citizens if they or either of their parents or grandparents (paternal or maternal) was born in or is a permanent resident of Pakistan.[155]
  • Visa on arrival is only available at the following airports:[155]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[156] 30 days[157]
 Iran Visa not required[158][159] 15 days
 Iraq Visa on arrival[160]
  • Visa on arrival when arriving at Basra International Airport, Al Najaf International Airport, Erbil International Airport or Sulaimaniyah International Airport.
  • You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.[161]
 Ireland Visa not required[162] 90 days
 Israel Visa not required[163] 90 days
 Italy Visa not required[164] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa required[165]
 Japan Visa not required[166] 30 days
 Jordan Visa not required[167] 3 months
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[168] 30 days
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[169][170] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where you plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[171]
 Kiribati Visa not required[172] 30 days
 North Korea Visa required[173]
 South Korea Electronic Travel Authorization[174][175] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[176]
 Kuwait Freedom of movement[177]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[178] 60 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[179] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[183] 90 days
 Lebanon Travel restricted by UAE government[184]
  • Previously, Emiratis did not need a visa to enter Lebanon. (6 months stay possible)
  • The UAE government banned Emiratis from travelling to Lebanon since 24 February 2016;[185] this was reaffirmed in a statement in August 2023.[186]
 Lesotho eVisa[187][188]
 Liberia Visa required[189]
  • Submit your visa application by email prior to arrival and pay the fee to Liberia Immigration along with a copy of your passport, Liberia Immigration Service LIS will issue a confirmation by mail.
 Libya eVisa[190][191]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[192] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[193] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[194] 90 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[195] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa[196][197] 30 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[198] 3 months
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[199] 30 days
 Mali Visa not required[200] 90 days
 Malta Visa not required[201] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[202] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[203]
 Mauritius Visa not required[205] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[206] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[207] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[208] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Monaco Visa not required[209]
 Mongolia Visa not required[210] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[211] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[212] 3 months
 Mozambique Visa not required[213][214] 30 days
  • Travelers must register on the e-Visa platform at least 48 hours prior to travel and pay a processing fee of 650 MT.
 Myanmar Visa required[215]
  • Visa on arrival if Passengers with a letter of approval issued by the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism.
 Namibia Visa on arrival[216] 3 months
 Nauru Visa not required[218] 90 days
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[219] 90 days[220]
 Netherlands Visa not required[221] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[222] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[223]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[224] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[223]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[225] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[226]
 Nigeria eVisa[227][228] 90 days
  • Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by the Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided they hold a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and have an invitation letter from a Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities.
 North Macedonia Visa not required[229] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[230] 90 days
 Oman Freedom of movement[231]
 Pakistan ETA / Online Visa[232][233] 30 days / 3 months
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[234]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[235]
  • Online Visa eligible.[236]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[237] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[238] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[239][240] 60 days
  • You can apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
 Paraguay Visa not required[241] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[242] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Philippines Visa not required[243] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[244] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[245] 90 days
 Qatar Freedom of movement[246]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
 Romania Visa not required[247] 90 days
 Russia Visa not required[248] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[249][250] 30 days
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[171]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[251] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[252] 60 days[253]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[254] 3 months
 Samoa Visa not required[255] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[256]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[257] 15 days[12]
 Saudi Arabia Freedom of movement[258]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
 Senegal Visa on arrival[259] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[260] 90 days
 Seychelles Visa not required[261][262] 3 months
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[263][264] 3 months / 30 days
 Singapore Visa not required[265] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[266] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[267] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[268][269] 90 days
 Somalia Visa on arrival[270] 30 days[271]
 South Africa Visa not required[272] 90 days
 South Sudan eVisa[273][274]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa not required[275] 90 days
 Sri Lanka ETA / Visa on arrival[276][277] 30 days
  • Electronic Travel Authorization can also be obtained on arrival.
  • 30 days extendable to 6 months.
 Sudan Visa not required[278] 3 months
 Suriname Visa not required[279][280] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[281]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[282]
 Sweden Visa not required[283] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[284] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[285][286]
  • According to the Law No. 2 of 2014 all visitors require visas prior to arrival.[287][288][289]
 Tajikistan Visa not required[290] 30 days
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[291][292] 90 days
 Thailand Visa not required[293] 30 days
  • Maximum 2 visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[294] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[295][296] 15 days
 Tonga Visa not required[297] 60 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[298]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Tunisia Visa not required[299] 90 days
 Turkey Visa not required[300] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[301]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[302]
  • Passengers with a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan and approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[303] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[304][305] 3 months
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[171]
 Ukraine Visa not required[306] 90 days
 United Kingdom Electronic Travel Authorisation[307][308] 6 months
  • Authorisation lasts up to 2 years, with multiple entries permitted.
 United States Visa required[309]
 Uruguay Visa not required[310] 3 months
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[311] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[312] 90 days
 Vatican City Visa not required[313]
 Venezuela Visa required[314]
 Vietnam eVisa[315][316]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa on arrival[317] 3 months
 Zambia Visa not required[318] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[319] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Visitor to Conditions of access Notes
 Abkhazia Visa required[320]
 Kosovo Visa not required[321]
 Northern Cyprus Visa not required[322]
 Palestine Visa not required[323] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[324]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[325][326]
 South Ossetia Visa not required[327] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[328][329]
 Taiwan eVisa[330]
 Transnistria Visa not required[331] Registration required after 24h.[332][333]
Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
China
 Hong Kong Visa not required[334] 30 days
 Macau Visa not required[335] 30 days
Denmark
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[336]
 Greenland Visa not required[337]
France
 Clipperton Island Special permit required[338]
 French Guiana Visa not required[339] 90 days within any 180 day period
 French Polynesia Visa not required[340] 90 days within any 180 day period
 Guadeloupe Visa not required 90 days within any 180 day period
 Martinique Visa not required 90 days within any 180 day period
 Saint Barthélemy Visa required[341]
 Saint Martin Visa required[341]
 Mayotte Visa not required[342] 90 days within any 180 day period
 New Caledonia Visa not required[343] 90 days within any 180 day period
 Réunion Visa not required[344] 90 days within any 180 day period
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[345] 90 days within any 180 day period
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[346] 90 days within any 180 day period
Netherlands
 Aruba Visa not required[347] 90 days
 Bonaire Visa not required[348] 90 days
 Sint Eustatius Visa not required 90 days
 Saba Visa not required 90 days
 Curaçao Visa not required[349] 90 days
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[350] 90 days
New Zealand
 Cook Islands Visa not required[351] 31 days
 Niue Visa not required[352] 30 days
 Tokelau Visa required[353]
Norway
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[354] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[355]
Norway Svalbard Visa not required Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[356]
United Kingdom
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa required[357]
 Anguilla Visa required[358] Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.[359]
 Bermuda Visa required[360] Visa free for a maximum stay of 3 months if arriving from or transiting through the United Kingdom.
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[361]
 British Virgin Islands Visa required[362]
 Cayman Islands Visa required[363]
 Falkland Islands Visa required[364]
 Gibraltar eVisa[365]
 Montserrat eVisa[366]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[367][368][369]
 Saint Helena eVisa[370][371]
 Ascension Island eVisa[372][373] 3 months within any year period.
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[374]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[375][376]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[377] 90 days
United States
 American Samoa Visa required[378]
 Guam Visa required[379]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[380]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[381]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[382]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[383][384][385][386][387][388][389][390][391][392][393][394]

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[395] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[396] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[397]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[398][399]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[400][401] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[402]

Some countries, such as Japan,[403] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[404] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[405] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[406] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[407] Philippines,[408] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[409]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[410] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[411] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[412]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[413] Lebanon,[414] Libya,[415] Syria,[416] and Yemen[417] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[418]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[419][420] Argentina,[421] Brunei, Cambodia,[422] China,[423] Ethiopia,[424] Ghana, Guinea,[425] India, Japan,[426][427] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[428] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[429] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[430] Singapore, South Korea,[431] Taiwan, Thailand,[432] Uganda,[433] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[434][435][436] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[437]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[438] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[439][440]

See also

Reference

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  434. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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  440. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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