Visa requirements for Canadian citizens

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Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada.

As of 2024, Canadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 7th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.^[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

The following table indicates the entry requirements and duration of stay for a given country, along with any notes that may be relevant for that given country.

Country	Entry requirement	Stay duration	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity
Afghanistan	Visa required[2][3]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Afghanistan due to the security situation, likely terrorist attacks, the ongoing armed conflict, the risk of kidnapping and the high crime rate.[4]	Yes
Albania	Visa not required[5]	90 days		No
Algeria	Visa required[6][7]			Yes
Andorra	Visa not required[8]	90 days [9]		Yes
Angola	Visa not required[10]	30 days	30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[11] Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[12] An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.	No
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[13]	6 months		No
Argentina	Visa not required[14]	90 days		No
Armenia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[15][16]	180 days per year		No
Australia and territories	Electronic Travel Authorisation[17]	90 days	90 days on each visit in 12-month period. Canadian Passport Holders may enter using Smartgate system.	Yes
Austria	Visa not required[18]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Azerbaijan	eVisa[19][20]	30 days[21]		No
Bahamas	Visa not required[22]	8 months		Yes
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[23]	14 days		No
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[24]	30 days		No
Barbados	Visa not required[25]	6 months		Yes
Belarus	Visa not required[26]	30 days	30 day visa free access available to travellers that arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport and are not arriving from or planning to depart to a Russian Federation airport.[27] Otherwise a visa is required. Visas can be issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents are submitted at least 3 business days before arrival.[28] The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Belarus due to the risk of arbitrary enforcement of local laws and the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine.[29]	No
Belgium	Visa not required[30]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Belize	Visa not required[31]			No
Benin	eVisa[32][33]	30 days[34]	Must have an international vaccination certificate.	No
Bhutan	eVisa[35][36]			Yes
Bolivia	Visa not required[37]	90 days		No
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[38]	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period.	No
Botswana	Visa not required[39]	90 days		No
Brazil	Visa not required / eVisa[40][41]	90 days	Brazilian authorities have announced that Canadian citizens will require a visa beginning April 10, 2025.[42]	No
Brunei	Visa not required[43]	14 days		Yes
Bulgaria	Visa not required[44]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Burkina Faso	eVisa / Visa on arrival[45][46]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Burkina Faso due to the threat posed by terrorism, kidnapping and the instability of the political situation.[47]	No
Burundi	Visa on arrival[48]	1 month	From December 2021, passengers of all countries that previously required a visa can now obtain visas on arrival at Bujumbura International Airport and all land borders.[49]	Yes
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[50][51]	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.	No
Cameroon	eVisa[52][53][54]			Yes
Cape Verde	Visa not required[55][56]	30 days	Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[57]	No
Central African Republic	Visa required[58]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit the Central African Republic due to unstable security conditions and violent crime.[59]	Yes
Chad	Visa required[60][61]			Yes
Chile	Visa not required[62]	90 days		Yes
China	Visa required[63]		72-hour visit without a visa when in transit at Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Guilin, Harbin, Kunming, Qingdao, Wuhan, Xi'an and Xiamen. 144-hour visit without a visa when in transit through Beijing Capital International Airport, Dalian, Hangzhou, Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport in Hebei, Nanjing, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Railway Station and the Port of Shanghai; Shenyang and Tianjin Binhai International Airport Visas for Canadian citizens are valid for up to 9 years and 11 months.	Yes
Colombia	Visa not required[64]	90 days	Extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period. 256,000 Colombian Pesos (equivalent to CAD$85) must be paid upon arrival. Passengers older than 79 years or younger than 14 years are exempt.[65]	No
Comoros	Visa on arrival[66]	45 days		No
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[67][68]			Yes
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa[69][70]	7 days[71]		Yes
Costa Rica	Visa not required[72]	90 days		No
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[73][74]	3 months	e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.	No
Croatia	Visa not required[75]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Cuba	Tourist card required[76]	90 days	Tourist card is generally included in airfare, with most Canadians unaware that they need a tourist visa for Cuba due to the tourist card being handed out on flights, but it can also be purchased from the airline transporting the passenger into Cuba and must be obtained before taking a flight that will land in Cuba. Tourist card is valid up to 90 days stay for Canadian citizens.	Yes
Cyprus	Visa not required[77]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Czech Republic	Visa not required[78]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Denmark and territories	Visa not required[79]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except the other Nordic countries).[80]	Yes
Djibouti	eVisa[81][82]	90 days		No
Dominica	Visa not required[83]	6 months		No
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[84]	30 days		No
Ecuador	Visa not required[85]	90 days		No
Egypt	Visa required[86][87]		Visa on arrival if holding proof of valid or expired Egyptian nationality.	Yes
El Salvador	Visa not required[88]	3 months		No
Equatorial Guinea	eVisa[89][90][91]			Yes
Eritrea	Visa required[92]			Yes
Estonia	Visa not required[93]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Eswatini	Visa not required[94]	30 days		No
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[95]	up to 90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[96] e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa is available for 30 or 90 days.[97]	No
Fiji	Visa not required[98]	4 months		No
Finland	Visa not required[99]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
France and territories	Visa not required[100]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area (in the Regions of France). A Canadian passport is not required for visa-free travel to the French overseas territory of Saint Pierre et Miquelon; an identification document (e.g. driver's licence or Secure Certificate of Indian Status) can be used instead.[101][102]	Yes
Gabon	eVisa[103][104]	90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.	No
Gambia	Visa not required[105]	90 days		Yes
Georgia	Visa not required[106]	1 year		No
Germany	Visa not required[107]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Ghana	Visa required[108][109]			Yes
Greece	Visa not required[110]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Grenada	Visa not required[111]	3 months	May enter on an ID card if not departing from the United States. Beginning on 1 December 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.[112]	No
Guatemala	Visa not required[113]	90 days		No
Guinea	eVisa[114][115]	90 days		No
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[116]	90 days		No
Guyana	Visa not required[117]	3 months		No
Haiti	Visa not required[118]	3 months	The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Haiti due to the threat posed by kidnappings, gang violence and the potential for civil unrest.[119]	No
Honduras	Visa not required[120]	3 months		No
Hungary	Visa not required[121]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.[122]	Yes
Iceland	Visa not required[123]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
India	eVisa[124][125]	30 days	Canadians who are or have been Pakistani nationals or have had ancestors who are or have been Pakistani nationals are required to follow a stringent and longer procedure.[126]	No
Indonesia	e-VOA / Visa on arrival[127]	30 days[128]	30 day VOA (IDR 500,000) renewable a maximum of once for 30 days.	No
Iran	Visa required[129]		Canadian citizens who want to travel to Iran, need to do so with a fully organized tour. Applying for an Iranian visa without booking a complete tour from a local travel agency will result in getting rejected by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Tourists for Kish Island do not require a visa for a total of 14 days.[130][circular reference] The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Iran due to the volatile security situation, the regional threat of terrorism and the possibility of arbitrary detention[131]	Yes
Iraq	Visa on arrival[132]	60 days	Canadian citizens can now obtain a visa on arrival at Iraq’s airports, land and sea crossings for 60 days, for a fee of USD 75. The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Iraq due to the volatile security situation.[133]	No
Ireland	Visa not required[134]	90 days		Yes
Israel	Visa not required[135]	3 months	Entry refused to anyone who "knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel."[136]	Yes
Italy	Visa not required[137]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Jamaica	Visa not required[138]	90 days	90 days (business), 6 months (tourist)	No
Japan	Visa not required[139]	90 days		Yes
Jordan	eVisa / Visa on arrival[140][141]		Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)	No
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[142][143]	30 days		No
Kenya	Electronic Travel Authorisation[144][145]	3 months	Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[146]	No
Kiribati	Visa not required[147]	90 days	May not exceed 90 days within any given 12 months period.	No
North Korea	Visa required[148][149]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit North Korea due to the uncertain security situation caused by its nuclear weapons development program and highly repressive regime.[150]	Yes
South Korea	Electronical Travel Authorization[151][152]	6 months	The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[153]	Yes
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[154][155]	3 months		No
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[156]	60 days		No
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[157]	30 days	17[Note 1] of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders.[158] e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 2] and in Boten (road and railroad).[159] Visa on arrival is available at Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 3] and 6 border crossings.[Note 4][158] Visa on arrival is extendable for an additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane.[160]	No
Latvia	Visa not required[161]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival[162]	1 month	Extendable for 2 additional months; granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non-refundable return or circle trip ticket.	No
Lesotho	Visa not required[163]			No
Liberia	Visa required[164][165]			Yes
Libya	eVisa[166][167][168]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Libya due to persistent insecurity, including sustained armed conflict, a high risk of terrorist attacks, an unpredictable political situation and a high crime rate.[169]	Yes
Liechtenstein	Visa not required[170]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Lithuania	Visa not required[171]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Luxembourg	Visa not required[172]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Madagascar	Visa on arrival[173]	60 days		No
Malawi	Visa not required[174]	30 days		No
Malaysia	Visa not required[175]	3 months		No
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[176]	30 days	Extendable stay.	No
Mali	Visa required[177][178]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Mali due to the threat of terrorism, kidnapping and banditry.[179]	Yes
Malta	Visa not required[180]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[181]	90 days		No
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[182]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.	No
Mauritius	Visa not required[183]	90 days		No
Mexico	Visa not required[184]	180 days	Actual permitted duration of stay is decided on arrival by border agents, and is often shorter than 180 days	No
Micronesia	Visa not required[185]	30 days		No
Moldova	Visa not required[186]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period.	No
Monaco	Visa not required[187]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period. Monaco does not have a visa policy of its own and the Schengen visa policy applies.	Yes
Mongolia	Visa not required[188]	30 days		No
Montenegro	Visa not required[189]	90 days		No
Morocco	Visa not required[190]	3 months		No
Mozambique	Visa not required[191][192]	30 days	Travelers must register on the e-Visa platform at least 48 hours prior to travel and pay a processing fee of 650 MT.	No
Myanmar	eVisa[193][194]	28 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. e-Visa available for both tourism (allowed stay is 28 days) or business (allowed stay is 70 days) purposes. The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Myanmar due to the risk of politically motivated violence and civil unrest.[195]	No
Namibia	Visa not required[196]	3 months		No
Nauru	Visa required[197]		Criminal record and medical fitness certificates are not required for Canadian citizens.[198]	Yes
Nepal	Online Visa / Visa on arrival[199]	90 days[200]		No
Netherlands and territories	Visa not required[201]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
New Zealand	Electronic Travel Authority[202]	3 months	May enter using eGate.[203] International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[204] Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[205] Such travelers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[204]	Yes
Nicaragua	Visa not required[206]	90 days		No
Niger	Visa required[207]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Niger due to political instability and the risk of terrorism and kidnapping.[208]	Yes
Nigeria	eVisa[209][210]	90 days[211]		Yes
North Macedonia	Visa not required[212]	90 days		No
Norway	Visa not required[213]	3 months	3 months within any 6-month period, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries.[214][215]	Yes
Oman	Visa not required / eVisa[216][217]	14 days / 30 days		No
Pakistan	ETA / Online Visa[218][219]	30 days / 3 months	Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[220] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[221] Online Visa eligible.[222]	No
Palau	Free visa on arrival[223]	30 days	Extendable stay by twice only with a fee.	No
Panama	Visa not required[224]	180 days		No
Papua New Guinea	eVisa[225][226]	60 days	Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul).	Yes
Paraguay	Visa not required[227]	90 days		No
Peru	Visa not required[228]	90 days		No
Philippines	Visa not required[229]	30 days		No
Poland	Visa not required[230]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Portugal	Visa not required[231]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Qatar	Visa not required[232]	30 days		No
Romania	Visa not required[233]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Russia	Visa required[234][235]		Cruise ship passengers cruising in and out of a Russian port within 72 hours, who spend each night on board, and who only leave the ship on tours organized by the cruise company, do not require a tourist visa.[236] The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Russia due to the Russo-Ukrainian War.[237]	Yes
Rwanda	Visa not required[238]	30 days	Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[146]	No
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[239]	6 months		No
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[240]	6 weeks		No
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[241]	3 months		No
Samoa	Visa not required[242]	60 days		Yes
San Marino	Visa not required[243]			Yes
São Tomé and Príncipe	Visa not required[244]	15 days		No
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[245][246]	90 days		No
Senegal	Visa not required[247]	90 days		No
Serbia	Visa not required[248]	90 days		No
Seychelles	Electronic Border System[249][250]	3 months	Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel. Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles. Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card. Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.	No
Sierra Leone	eVisa / Visa on arrival[251][252]	30 days		No
Singapore	Visa not required[253]	30 days		Yes
Slovakia	Visa not required[254]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Slovenia	Visa not required[255]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Solomon Islands	Free Visitor's permit on arrival[256]	3 months	3 months with any year period.	Yes
Somalia	Visa on arrival[257]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Somalia due to the extremely volatile security situation and high threat of domestic terrorism.[258]	No
South Africa	Visa not required[259]	90 days		No
South Sudan	eVisa[260][261]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit South Sudan due to armed conflicts, inter-ethnic violence and high levels of violent crime.[262]	No
Spain	Visa not required[263]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival[264][265]	60 days / 30 days[266]	The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[267] Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).	No
Sudan	Visa required[268][269]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Sudan due to the armed conflict, civil unrest and the volatile security situation.[270]	Yes
Suriname	Visa not required[271][272]	90 days	An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[273] Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[274]	No
Sweden	Visa not required[275]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Switzerland	Visa not required[276]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.	Yes
Syria	Visa required[277][278]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Syria due to the ongoing armed conflict, terrorism, criminality, arbitrary detention, torture and forced disappearance.[279]	Yes
Taiwan	Visa not required[280]	90 days		Yes
Tajikistan	Visa not required[281]	30 days	e-Visa also available.[282] e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.	No
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[283][284]	90 days		No
Thailand	Visa not required[285]	30 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.	No
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[286]	30 days		No
Togo	eVisa[287][288]	15 days		No
Tonga	Free visa on arrival[289]	31 days		No
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa not required[290]			No
Tunisia	Visa not required[291]	4 months		No
Turkey	Visa not required[292][293]	90 days[294]	90 days within any 180-day period.	No
Turkmenistan	Visa required[295]			Yes
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[296]	1 month		No
Uganda	eVisa[297][298]	3 months	Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[146]	No
Ukraine	Visa not required[299]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period. The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Ukraine due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[300]	No
United Arab Emirates	Visa not required[301][302][303][304]	30 days	Visa is obtained free of charge for stays longer than 30 days.[305]	Yes
United Kingdom	Visa not required[306]	6 months	Can use ePassport gates starting 1 June 2019 [307]	Yes
United States	Visa not required[308]	6 months	ESTA exempt. Canada passport holders do not have to get a ESTA.[309] 6 month stay rather than typical 90 day VWP stay. Most non immigrant statuses can be applied for on arrival at a port of entry. Canada is not a Visa Waiver Program country, the permission to travel is from US immigration law.[310][311] Canadian Passport required and must be valid for the period of intended stay.[308] Canadian Passport exemptions only for nationals of Canada with a NEXUS card embarking in Canada or USA.[308] For frequent travellers there is NEXUS card program designed to let pre-approved, low-risk travellers cross the Canada–United States border quickly.[312]	Yes
Uruguay	Visa not required[313]	3 months		No
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[314]	30 days		No
Vanuatu	Visa not required[315]	30 days		No
Vatican City	Visa not required[316]			Yes
Venezuela	Visa required[317][318]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Venezuela due to the significant level of violent crime, the unstable political and economic situations and the decline in basic living conditions.[319]	Yes
Vietnam	eVisa[320][321]		e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.	No
Yemen	Visa required[322][323]		The Canadian government advises its citizens not to visit Yemen due to the ongoing armed conflict, terrorist attacks and kidnapping.[324]	Yes
Zambia	Visa not required[325]	30 days	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.	No
Zimbabwe	Visa on arrival[326]	30 days	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.	No

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Visa requirements for Canadian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries, and restricted zones:

Africa

•  British Indian Ocean Territory — special permit required.^[327]
•  Eritrea (outside Asmara) — visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).^[328]
•  Mayotte — Visa not required for 90 days with a 180-day period.
•  Réunion — Visa not required for 90 days within a 180-day period.
•  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  •  Ascension Island — e-Visa for 2 months within any year period^[329][330]
  •  Saint Helena — Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.^[331]
  •  Tristan da Cunha — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.^[332]
•  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara controlled territory) — undefined visa regime.
•  Somaliland — visa required (30 days for USD 30, payable on arrival).^[333][334]

Asia

• Hainan — Visa on arrival for 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.^[335]
•  Hong Kong — Visa not required for 3 months.^[336]
•  India — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.^{[337][338][339][340]}
•  Iraqi Kurdistan - You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.^[341]
•  Macau — Visa not required for 30 days.^[342]
•  North Korea outside Pyongyang - People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
• Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.^{[343][344][345]}
• Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required.
• Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
• UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
•  Arab League — Certain countries will deny access to holders of Israeli visas or passport stamps of Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel.
•  Saudi Arabia — Non-Muslims are not allowed in Mecca or Medina.

Caribbean and North Atlantic

•  Anguilla — Visa not required for 3 months.^[346]
•  Aruba — Visa not required for 30 days.^[347]
•  Bermuda — Visa not required.^[348]
• Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa not required for 3 months.^[349]
•  British Virgin Islands — Visa not required.^[350]
•  Cayman Islands — Visa not required for 6 months.^[351]
•  Curaçao — Visa not required for 3 months.^[352]
•  Montserrat — Visa not required for 6 months.^[353]
•  Puerto Rico — Visa not required for 180 days, same as the United States mainland.^[354]
•  Sint Maarten — Visa not required for 3 months.^[355]
•  Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required for 90 days.^[356]
•  U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa not required for 6 months, same as the United States mainland.^[357]

Europe

•  Abkhazia — Visa required.^[358] Visa on arrival available if arriving from Russian border only by train or car and must possess a multi entry Russian visa to be eligible and must exit via Russian border only.
• Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: EUR 25 for Orthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.^[359][360]
• Brest and Grodno — Visa not required for 10 days.^[361]
• Crimea — Visa issued by Russia is required.^[362]
•  Northern Cyprus — Visa free access for 3 months. Passport required.^[363]
• UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.^[364]
•  Gibraltar — Visa not required.^[365]
• Jan Mayen — permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours^[366] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.^[367]
•  Svalbard of  Norway — Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty.
•  Kosovo — visa free for 90 days.^[368]
•  South Ossetia — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.^[369][370]
•  Transnistria — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.^[371][372]

Oceania

•  American Samoa — Electronic authorization for 30 days.^[373]
• Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorisation required.^[374]
• Clipperton Island — special permit required.^[375]
•  Cook Islands — Visa free access for 31 days.^[376]
•  Guam — Visa not required.^[377]
•  Niue — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.^[378]
•  Northern Mariana Islands — Visa not required.^[379]
•  Pitcairn Islands — 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.^{[380][381][382]}
• United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.^{[383][384][385][386][387][388][389]}

South America

• Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.^[390]

South Atlantic and Antarctica

•  Falkland Islands — A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.^[391]
•  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Pre-arrival permit from the commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).^[392][393]
• Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.^{[394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405]}

Consular protection of Canadian citizens abroad

Canada has diplomatic and consular offices (including honorary consuls) in over 270 locations in approximately 180 foreign countries. In some countries Canadians may receive consular assistance from Australian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement. On the last page of a standard Canadian passport, under "Reach Us", it states "In case of an emergency you can reach us by: contacting the nearest Canadian government office (in countries where there is no Canadian office, you should contact the nearest British or Australian office...)".

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.^[406] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year^[407] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.^[408]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.^[409][410]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens^[411][412] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).^[413]

Some countries, such as Japan,^[414] Ireland and the United Kingdom,^[415] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,^[416] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,^[417] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,^[418] Philippines,^[419] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.^[420]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives^[421] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,^[422] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.^[423]

Israeli stamps

Kuwait,^[424] Lebanon,^[425] Libya,^[426] Syria,^[427] and Yemen^[428] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017^[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.^{[citation needed]}

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.^[429]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,^[430][431] Argentina,^[432] Brunei, Cambodia,^[433] China,^[434] Ethiopia,^[435] Ghana, Guinea,^[436] India, Japan,^[437][438] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),^[439] Malaysia upon entry and departure,^[440] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,^[441] Singapore, South Korea,^[442] Taiwan, Thailand,^[443] Uganda,^[444] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),^{[445][446][447]} intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.^[448]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports^[449] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.^[450][451] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.^[452] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.^[453][454]

Visa requirements amendment log

Visa requirements for Canadian citizens were lifted by Austria in 1956,^[455] Finland in 1958,^[455] Japan (20 September 1964),^[456] Micronesia (18 December 1980),^[457] Taiwan (1 January 1994),^[458] Ukraine (1 August 2005),^[459] Kyrgyzstan (27 July 2012),^[460] Mongolia (1 January 2014), Kazakhstan (1 January 2017), Argentina (1 January 2018),^[461] Armenia (10 July 2018),^{[462][463][464][465]} and Brazil (17 June 2019).^[466]

Canadian citizens were made eligible for eVisas by India (1 May 2015),^[467] Brazil (25 January 2018, visa free since 17 June 2019)^[468] and Angola (30 March 2018).^[469]

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Canadian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

Destination	Number of visitors
American Samoa[note 1][470]	115
Angola[471]	1,788
Anguilla[note 1][472]	10,498
Antarctica[note 2][473]	1,950
Antigua and Barbuda[note 2][474]	22,932
Aruba[note 3][475]	43,767
Australia[note 2][476]	167,300
Austria[note 4][note 1][477]	103,600
Azerbaijan[note 1][478]	2,320
Bahamas[479]	151,739
Barbados[note 4][note 1][480]	78,903
Bermuda[note 2][481]	47,852
Belgium[note 1][482]	50,521
Belize[note 1][note 4][483]	21,867
Bhutan[note 2][484]	1,524
Bolivia[note 1][485]	11,567
Bosnia and Herzegovina[note 2][486]	6,345
Botswana[487]	8,504
Brazil[note 2][488]	48,951
British Virgin Islands[note 5][489]	35,505
Brunei[note 6][490]	2,411
Bulgaria[note 2][491]	19,113
Burkina Faso[note 1][492]	2,643
Cambodia[note 1][493]	60,715
Cameroon[note 3][note 4][494]	7,229
Cayman Islands[note 2][note 7][495]	24,757
Chile[note 2][496]	39,639
China[note 1][497][498]	740,800
Congo[note 8][499]	1,367
Cook Islands[note 1][500]	2,212
Costa Rica[note 2][501]	201,921
Croatia[note 2][502]	136,519
Cyprus[note 2][503]	6,088
Cuba[504]	1,300,092
Curacao[note 1][505]	17,950
Dominica[506]	2,998
Dominican Republic[note 2][507]	827,721
Dutch Caribbean:[note 3][note 7][508]  Bonaire  Saba  Sint Eustatius	1400 300 1000 100
Ecuador[note 3][509]	33,230
El Salvador[note 9][510]	24,796
Estonia[note 4][note 2][511]	5,518
Fiji[note 2][512]	12,421
Finland[note 3][513]	15,410
France[514]	1,013,489
French Polynesia[note 2][515]	4,386
Georgia[note 2][516]	5,584
Germany[note 1][517]	276,933
Greece[518]	182,299
Greenland[note 1][519]	716
Grenada[note 2][520]	14,580
Guam[note 2][note 7][521]	859
Guatemala[note 3][522]	52,531
Guyana[note 10][523]	25,381
Haiti[note 11][524]	30,046
Hong Kong[note 2][525]	370,335
Hungary[note 4][note 1][526]	41,579
Iceland[note 2][527]	103,026
India[note 2][528]	335,439
Indonesia[note 1][529]	86,804
Ireland[note 1][530]	183,000
Israel[note 2][531]	80,600
Italy[note 1][532]	923,000
Jamaica[note 2][533]	405,174
Japan[note 2][534]	305,600
Jordan[note 1][535]	32,106
Kazakhstan[note 2][536]	6,865
Laos[note 2][537]	13,467
Latvia[note 4][note 2][538]	25,125
Lebanon[note 1][539]	44,000
Lesotho[note 5][540]	626
Lithuania[note 1][541]	3,800
Luxembourg[note 1][note 4][542]	5,166
Macau[note 2][543]	74,287
Madagascar[544]	1,209
Mauritius[note 2][545]	6,908
Malaysia[note 2][546]	67,056
Malawi[note 12][547]	7,380
Maldives[note 2][545]	8,994
Mali[note 3][548]	1,866
Martinique[note 10][549]	9,535
Mexico[note 2][note 7][550]	1,985,084
Micronesia[551]	220
Moldova[note 2][552]	6,541
Mongolia[note 1][553]	3,052
Montenegro[note 4][note 1][554]	6,254
Montserrat[note 10][555]	404
Myanmar[note 1][556]	15,024
Namibia[557]	8,551
Nepal[558]	8,398
Netherlands[note 2][559]	180,000
New Zealand[note 2][560]	67,280
Niue[note 12][561]	32
Nicaragua[note 1][562]	40,764
North Macedonia[note 1][note 4][563]	2,158
Oman[note 2][564]	26,747
Pakistan[note 12][565]	43,000
Panama[566]	47,762
Papua New Guinea[note 1][567]	2,170
Paraguay[568]	2,430
Peru[note 2][569]	77,563
Philippines[note 2][570]	200,640
Romania[note 1][571]	56,537
Russia[note 2][572]	53,890
Saint Lucia[573]	38,677
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[574]	7,594
Samoa[575]	474
Serbia[note 2][note 4][576]	9,357
Seychelles[577]	1,095
Singapore[note 2][578]	105,177
Sint Maarten[note 10][579]	33,498
Slovakia[note 1][note 4][580]	8,901
Slovenia[note 2][note 4][581]	19,859
Solomon Islands[note 2][582]	176
South Africa[583]	56,224
South Korea[note 2][584]	176,256
Spain[note 2][585]	489,307
Sri Lanka[note 2][586]	46,896
Suriname[note 2][587]	2,180
Swaziland[note 1][588]	4,137
Taiwan[note 2][589]	155,661
Tanzania[note 1][590]	18,489
Thailand[note 2][591]	258,392
Tonga[592]	229
Trinidad and Tobago[note 3][593]	54,877
Turkey[note 2][594]	81,196
Turks and Caicos[595]	36,512
Tuvalu[note 6][596]	9
Uganda[note 5][597]	9,729
Ukraine[note 2][598]	30,775
United Arab Emirates[note 2][599]	173,000
United Kingdom[note 2][600]	712,000
United States[note 2][note 13][601]	13,028,998
Venezuela[note 5][602]	11,778
Vietnam[note 2][603]	138,242
Zambia[604]	6,310
Zimbabwe[605]	5,133

See also

• Visa policy of Canada
• Canadian passport

Notes

References

External links

• Travel Reports & Warnings - Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
• Directory of Canadian Government Offices Abroad - Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada