United States presidential elections in Florida

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Presidential elections in Florida
Map of the United States with Florida highlighted
Number of elections43
Voted Democratic25
Voted Republican17
Voted Whig1
Voted other0
Voted for winning candidate31
Voted for losing candidate12

Florida is a state in the South Atlantic region of the United States.[1] Since its admission to the Union in March 1845, it has participated in 43 United States presidential elections. Florida participated in the presidential election for the first time in 1848. In this election, the Whig Party won Florida's three electoral votes with 57.20% of the vote, the only time the Whig Party won in Florida.[2] In the realigning 1860 election, Florida was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln.[3] In the 1860 presidential election, John C. Breckinridge emerged victorious in Florida, winning 62.23% of the vote.[4] Shortly after this election, Florida seceded from the Union and became a part of the Confederacy.[5] Due to the secession, Florida did not participate in the 1864 presidential election.[6] With the end of the Civil War, Florida rejoined the Union and participated in the 1868 presidential election. The 1868 election was the sole presidential contest in Florida not decided by popular vote, but instead by the state legislature.[7] Florida voted for the Republican nominee in all three presidential elections during the Reconstruction era.[8][9]

Shortly after the Reconstruction era, white Democrats regained control of the Florida legislature. In 1885, they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites.[10][11] From the end of the Reconstruction era until the 1952 presidential election, the Republican Party only won Florida once, in the 1928 presidential election. According to historian Herbert J. Doherty, Republican victory in that election was mainly due to the fact that its Democratic opponent Al Smith was a Catholic and opposed to Prohibition, which caused many members of the Southern Baptist Convention to switch to the Republican Party.[12]

From 1948 to 1952, the emergence of the Pinellas Republican Party attracted a lot of voters.[13] Since the presidential election in 1952, the Democrats have won Florida in only five presidential elections: 1964, 1976, 1996, 2008, and 2012. In the 2000 presidential election, George W. Bush led Al Gore by less than 2,000 votes on election day, but as the recount proceeded, the gap between the two sides continued to narrow.[14] In Bush v. Gore, the Bush campaign filed a lawsuit against Gore in the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the recounting of votes in certain counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court announced the halt of vote recounting.[15] After a lengthy judicial process, Bush eventually won Florida's electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect.[16] However, the result sparked controversy.[17]

Florida was long a swing state, and furthermore, it had been seen as a bellwether in presidential elections since 1928 (only missed in 1960, 1992 and 2020).[18] However, with the Republican Party's performance in Florida far exceeding its national average in the 2022 midterm elections, many analysts believe that the state has transitioned from being a Republican-leaning swing state into a reliable red state, with Democratic-leaning trends in Hillsborough County, Orange County and Osceola County not being able to offset Republican gains in Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County [19][20]

Presidential elections

Key for parties
  Democratic Party – (D)
  Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
  Ecology Party – (E)
  Free Soil Party – (FS)
  Green Party – (G)
  Know Nothing Party – (KN)
  Libertarian Party – (LI)
  Populist Party – (PO)
  Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
  Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
  Prohibition Party – (PRO)
  Reform Party – (RE)
  Republican Party – (R)
  Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1848 to 1856

Presidential elections in Florida from 1848 to 1856
Year Winner Runner-up (nationally) Other candidate[a] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1848 Zachary Taylor (W) 4,120 57.2% Lewis Cass (D) 3,083 42.8% Martin Van Buren (FS)
[b]
3
1852 Franklin Pierce (D) 4,318 60.03% Winfield Scott (W) 2,875 39.97% John P. Hale (FS)
[b]
3
1856 James Buchanan (D) 6,358 56.81% John C. Frémont (R)
[b]
Millard Fillmore (KN) 4,833 43.19% 3

1860 and 1864

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[31] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[32]

1860 Presidential election in Florida
Year Winner Runner-up Runner-up Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD) 8,277
(62.23%)
John Bell (CU) 4,801
(36.1%)
Stephen A. Douglas (D) 223
(1.68%)
Abraham Lincoln (R)
[b]
4
1864
Election was not conducted in Florida as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy

1868 to present

Presidential elections in Florida from 1864 to present
Year Winner Runner-up Other candidate[c] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
Ulysses S. Grant (R)
Horatio Seymour (D)
3
Ulysses S. Grant (R) 17,763 53.52% Horace Greeley (LR) 15,427 46.48%
4
Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 23,849 50.99% Samuel J. Tilden (D) 22,927 49.01%
4
Winfield S. Hancock (D) 27,964 54.17% James A. Garfield (R) 23,654 45.83%
4
Grover Cleveland (D) 31,769 52.96% James G. Blaine (R) 28,031 46.73% John St. John (PRO) 72 0.12% 4
Grover Cleveland (D) 39,557 59.48% Benjamin Harrison (R) 26,529 39.89% Clinton Fisk (PRO) 414 0.62% 4
Grover Cleveland (D) 30,153 85.01% James B. Weaver (PO) 4,843 13.65% John Bidwell (PRO) 475 1.34% 4
William Jennings Bryan (D) 32,756 70.46% William McKinley (R) 11,298 24.3% John M. Palmer (ND) 1778 3.82% 4
William Jennings Bryan (D) 28,273 71.31% William McKinley (R) 7,355 18.55% John G. Woolley (PRO) 2,244 5.66% 4
Alton B. Parker (D) 27,046 68.82% Theodore Roosevelt (R) 8,314 21.15% Eugene V. Debs (S) 2,337 5.95% 5
William Jennings Bryan (D) 31,104 63.01% William Howard Taft (R) 10,654 21.58% Eugene V. Debs (S) 3,747 7.59% 5
Woodrow Wilson (D) 35,343 69.52% Eugene V. Debs (S) 4,806 9.45% Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912) 4,555 8.96% 6
Woodrow Wilson (D) 55,984 69.34% Charles Evans Hughes (R) 14,611 18.1% Allan L. Benson (S) 5,353 6.63% 6
James M. Cox (D) 90,515 62.13% Warren Harding (R) 44,853 30.79% Eugene V. Debs (S) 5,189 3.56% 6
John W. Davis (D) 62,083 56.88% Calvin Coolidge (R) 30,633 28.06% Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924) 8,625 7.9% 6
Herbert Hoover (R) 144,168 56.83% Al Smith (D) 101,764 40.12% Norman Thomas (S) 4,036 1.59% 6
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 206,307 74.49% Herbert Hoover (R) 69,170 24.98% Norman Thomas (S) 775 0.28% 7
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 249,117 76.08% Alfred Landon (R) 78,248 23.9% Norman Thomas (S) 9 0% 7
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 359,334 73.99% Wendell Willkie (R) 126,158 25.98% Various candidates (Write-ins) 148 0.03% 7
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 339,377 70.29% Thomas Dewey (R) 143,215 29.66% Various candidates (Write-ins) 211 0.04% 8
Harry Truman (D) 281,988 48.82% Thomas Dewey (R) 194,280 33.63% Strom Thurmond (DI) 89,755 15.54% 8
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 544,036 54.99% Adlai Stevenson II (D) 444,950 44.97% Various candidates (Write-ins) 351 0.04% 10
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 643,849 57.19% Adlai Stevenson II (D) 480,371 42.67% Various candidates (Write-ins) 1,542 0.14% 10
Richard Nixon (R) 795,476 51.51% John F. Kennedy (D) 748,700 48.49%
10
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) 948,540 51.14% Barry Goldwater (R) 905,941 48.84%
14
Richard Nixon (R) 886,804 40.53% Hubert Humphrey (D) 676,794 30.93% George Wallace (AI) 905,941 28.53% 14
Richard Nixon (R) 1,857,759 71.91% George McGovern (D) 718,117 27.8% Various candidates (Write-ins) 7,407 0.29% 17
Jimmy Carter (D) 1,636,000 51.93% Gerald Ford (R) 1,469,531 46.64% Eugene McCarthy (I) 23,643 0.75% 17
Ronald Reagan (R) 2,046,951 55.52% Jimmy Carter (D) 1,419,475 38.5% John B. Anderson (I) 189,692 5.14% 17
Ronald Reagan (R) 2,730,350 65.32% Walter Mondale (D) 1,448,816 34.66% David Bergland (LI) 754 0.02% 21
George H. W. Bush (R) 2,618,885 60.87% Michael Dukakis (D) 1,656,701 38.51% Ron Paul (LI) 19,796 0.46% 21
George H. W. Bush (R) 2,173,310 40.89% Bill Clinton (D) 2,072,698 39% Ross Perot (I) 1,053,067 19.82% 25
Bill Clinton (D) 2,546,870 48.02% Bob Dole (R) 2,173,310 42.32% Ross Perot (RE) 483,870 9.12% 25
George W. Bush (R) 2,912,790 48.85% Al Gore (D) 2,912,253 48.84% Ralph Nader (G) 97,488 1.63% 25
George W. Bush (R) 3,964,522 52.1% John Kerry (D) 3,583,544 47.09% Ralph Nader (RE) 32,971 0.43% 27
Barack Obama (D) 4,282,074 50.91% John McCain (R) 4,045,624 48.09% Ralph Nader (E) 28,128 0.33% 27
Barack Obama (D) 4,237,756 50.01% Mitt Romney (R) 4,163,447 49.13% Gary Johnson (LI) 44,726 0.53% 29
Donald Trump[e] (R) 4,617,886 49.02% Hillary Clinton (D) 4,504,975 47.82% Gary Johnson (LI) 207,043 2.2% 29
Donald Trump[e] (R) 5,668,731 51.22% Joe Biden (D) 5,297,045 47.86% Jo Jorgensen (LI) 70,324 0.64% 29

Graph

See also

Notes

  1. ^ For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
  2. ^ a b c d Not on ballot
  3. ^ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Florida.
  4. ^ Due to the status of Reconstruction, no election was held; the three electoral votes were allocated by the Florida State Legislature to Grant.
  5. ^ a b Changed his home state from State of New York to Florida during his presidency.

References

  1. ^ "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica. June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. ^ "1848 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  3. ^ Burlingame, Michael (October 4, 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  5. ^ "Museum of Florida History". Museum of Florida History. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  6. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  7. ^ a b "The Returns". The Carson Daily Appeal. November 6, 1868. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  8. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  9. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  10. ^ Nancy A. Hewitt (2001). Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s. University of Illinois Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-252-02682-9. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  11. ^ Benson, Lee; et al. (1978). The History of American Electoral Behavior. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 210. JSTOR j.ctt13x10rd. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
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  14. ^ "CNN.com - Bush leads Gore by 327 votes in Florida recount, Associated Press reports - November 10, 2000". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  15. ^ Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98, 103 (2000)
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Works cited