Tomiyama Taeko

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Tomiyama Taeko
富山妙子
Born(1921-11-06)November 6, 1921
Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
DiedAugust 18, 2021(2021-08-18) (aged 99)
Tokyo, Japan
NationalityJapanese
Occupation(s)visual artist, writer, journalist, illustrator
Years active1953–2021
Known forslideshows, books, and artworks addressing Japanese imperialism and feminist issues
Notable workPrayer in Memory ～ Gwangju, May 1980; Memories of the Sea; Harbin: Requiem for the Twentieth Century
In this Japanese name, the surname is Tomiyama.

Tomiyama Taeko (富山妙子, 6 November 1921 – 18 August 2021) was a Japanese visual artist and writer whose work addressed the moral, emotional, and social issues related to nationalist, patriarchal, colonial, and post-colonial power structures in East Asia. Tomiyama used popular media such as oil painting, lithographic prints, collages, multimedia slideshows, books, and installations to explore marginalized figures.[1] From the 1980s on, much of her work drew on indigenous Asian mythology, symbols, and aesthetics as a critique and rejection of the violent, exploitative, Euro-American-centric values embedded in modernist thinking.[2] She was a devoted feminist, leftist, and anti-nationalist whose work told the stories of miners, ethnic minorities, comfort women, Minjung activists, and other marginalized groups to advocate for a reckoning with the nuances of colonial and imperial histories of Japan in Asia. Tomiyama died in August 2021, at the age of 99.[3]

Life

Early life

Tomiyama was born in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, in November 1921. She spent her youth in Dairen and Harbin in Manchukuo. After graduating from the Harbin Girls' School in 1938, Tomiyama entered the Joshibi Women's School of Art and Design (now Joshibi University of Art and Design) in Tokyo in 1939. While at Joshibi, however, she became interested in proletarian art and ended up being expelled because of the incompatibility of her interests with the institution as the Pacific War heated up.[3][4][5][6][7] Still, she ends up attending the Arts and Crafts Institute (Bijutsu Kōgei Gakuin) headed by critic Usaburō Toyama where she learned about Dada, the Bauhaus, and Surrealism under painter Ichirō Fukuzawa, among others.[6][7]

1950s

By the early 1950s, Tomiyama was a single mother to two children born to different fathers during the war. To support them, she worked as a freelance illustrator and journalist, often illustrating picture books.[6] As a journalist, she traveled throughout Japan and internationally starting in the 1950s, and during her travels she came to use her art to express the social and political problems in the areas she visited, giving a voice to marginalized groups. Her first formal artistic production after dropping out of Joshibi was inspired by the mining landscapes of the Chikuho mining region in Kyushu where she was sent to cover the lives and labor organizing of miners in the early 1950s. Her first solo exhibition, held at Shiseido Gallery in Ginza in 1954, featured oil paintings of these mining landscapes. From[7] the mid-1950s, however, her work shifted to lithographic prints that featured miners rather than landscapes.[8] She later returned to the topic of mines in the 1980s in a series of lithographs treating the theme of Korean forced to work in hard labor conditions—mines, construction, and factories—during WWII.[9]

1960s

During the 1960s, Tomiyama had the opportunity to travel widely outside Japan, visiting Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Over the following decades she eventually traveled through Western and Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, the United States, Taiwan, and in the 1990s, to return to Chinese Manchuria where she had lived until the end of her teenage years.[10] During these early 1960s travels, however, she already began to establish a transnational network of activists involved in labor union organizing, peace advocacy, and social justice movements for herself, confirming her leftist commitments. In 1961 she followed Japanese miners who relocated to Brazil, but became curious about other walks of life in the regions, so she continued traveling throughout Latin America over the next year. During this trip she came to recognize the ongoing effects of Western colonial histories on contemporary politics and social problems. She gradually came to see how Japan's allyship with the United States replicated regional power relations during Japan's colonial era, with benefiting economically from pro-Japan US trade policies in East and Southeast Asia.[11] This awareness led Tomiyama to leave the Japanese Communist Party, which she had joined after WWII, in protest of the party's acceptance of the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea (Nikkan Kihon Jōyaku) in 1965.[12] In 1967, inspired by the populist aesthetics and indigenous references she saw in the works of Mexican muralist—Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and José Clemente Orozco—during her Latin American trip, Tomiyama set off for Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Although she sought a people's art and developed an Asian-inspired artistic language distinct from the formal Japanese academic training she received in Tokyo, she found herself increasingly doubting the values of modern civilization.[13] Returning to Japan in 1968 amidst the height of the student protests, she temporarily shifted away from painting to focus on activism.[14]

1970s

Just as Japan was taking the international spotlight through Osaka's Expo '70, Tomiyama headed off to Seoul in 1970. There she found South Korea still scarred by Korean War, and after visiting political prisoner Suh Sung in 1971, she was again inspired to take up black-and-white printmaking, now in service of the Korean pro-democracy movement.[14][15] She began reading the poems of Kim Chi-ha, and when he and student activists from Seoul University were rounded up and sentenced to death in 1974, she produced lithographs to serve as backdrops for a Japanese television documentary on Kim's plight.[15] When the documentary was censored, however, Tomiyama established Hidane Kōbō (Kindling Atelier) in 1976 to embark on independent production of multi-media slide works.[16] Through these slide works, which combine images with music and poetry, she has produced works featuring Japanese translations of poems by Kim Chi-ha and Chit Phumisak, and collaborated with such figures as musician Yūji Takahashi, photographer and director Seiichi Motohashi, and actor Soichi Itō.[17] In May 1980 her slide show Prayer in Memory: Gwangju, May, 1980, featuring music by Takahashi, addressed the violent crackdown by dictator Chung Doo-Hwan's military on the pro-democracy Gwangju uprising and won her international recognition.[18] In more recent years, select slide shows have become DVDs as well,

Tomiyama also became involved in the feminist movement in the 1970s. Inspired by the writings of Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millet, and other Japanese feminists, she edited a volume of feminist essays by thirteen women writers in 1973.[19] Also in 1973, Tomiyama joined the anti-kisaeng sex tour movement, which sought to both raise awareness of and curb the growing sex tourism industry that saw newly-affluent Japanese men of the post-economic-miracle 1970s going on sex tours in South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand.[20] A group of women including Tomiyama, journalist Yayori Matsui, Akiko Yamaguchi, and others involved in the anti-kisaeng sex tour movement went on to establish the Asian Women's Association (Aija no Onnatachi no kai) in 1977.[21][22] Through activist actions and the journal Asian Women's Liberation (Ajia to josei kaihō), the AWA sought to respond "to the voices of Korean and other Asian women," and in "'learning' from them, these Japanese women activists also formed a solidarity movement dealing with such issues as human rights, labor rights, and the colonial past, all of which were pertinent to East and Southeast Asian women."[22]

Tomiyama extended these interests in postcolonialist activism to the art world through her activities with the Japan Afro-Asian Latin American Artists' Association (JAALA). She was a founding member of the group in 1977, and served as one of the two first vice-chairmen. JAALA, which continues today, focuses on building solidarity between Japan and "the Third World" through artistic exchange in order destroy "the limits of the modern art," inspire a "cultural revolution," and thus "create new human [sic], new art based on the new sense of values."[23] The group thus aligns with Tomiyama's concern with finding a way out of the modernist paradigm and its privileging of Western cultural values as universal while recognizing Japan's historical complicity in reinforcing modernist social, cultural, and political structures.[24]

1980s~90s

Historian Laura Hein argues that it is Tomiyama's encounter with feminism that inspired her to incorporate experiences from her past growing up in Dairen and Harbin into her work in the 1980s, exploring the links between personal identity, nation state, racial and gender hierarchies, and colonial power structures.[25] This personal exploration coincided with increasing focus by the AWA on the issue of comfort women,[26] a topic that combined Tomiyama's feminist interests with her desire to confront Japan's colonial legacies in Asia. Borrowing a term from art historian and critic Hiroki Yamamoto, cultural anthropologist Yuko Manabe describes this field of investigation as the "intersection of post-colonialism and feminism."[27] It is in this context that Tomiyama reintroduced color into her work and began to draw more explicitly on imagery and aesthetics drawn from Asian folk religions, including motifs of the shaman, the fox, Southeast Asian and Pacific Island masks and puppets, dragons, and celestial symbols from the 1980s on.[28]

Tomiyama's most prominent works of the 1980s and 90s, A Memory of the Sea, Harbin: Requiem for the Twentieth Century, and The Fox Story, were dedicated to the victims of Japanese imperialism, in particular Koreans, including women sexually exploited by the Japanese military known as comfort women.[29][30][31] As a result, her work has been sidelined by most art institutions in Japan and ignored by the Japanese media.[32] In spite of these institutional challenges, however, Tomiyama found success in a fine arts context in 1995 with her traveling solo exhibition Silenced by History: Tomiyama Taeko, 50 Years after the War at the Tama Art University Museum in Tokyo and Donga Gallery in Seoul and the invitation to show her work in the Art as Witness project for the first Gwangju Biennale.[33][34] Still, the majority of her exhibitions over the last four decades of her life were held in university art galleries, municipal galleries and lobbies, and human rights organizations.

2000–2021

During the final two decades of Tomiyama's life, she continued to address Japan's complicity in a world order established by Western colonialism and a post-WWII US-led geopolitics through projects such as Hiruko and the Puppeteers: A Tale of Sea Wanderers and Revelation from the Sea.[35][36] Yet in spite of her continued production during these years, much of her exhibition activity was more concerned with contextualizing her new works alongside her early work and developing a clearer view of her legacy as an artist. Her work was featured in the seminal feminist exhibition Japanese Women Artists in Avant-garde Movements, 1950–1975 curated by Reiko Kokatsu for the Tochigi Prefectural Museum of Art in 2005, and a major exhibition exploring the limits of freedom of expression in East Asian democracies at the Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst in Berlin in 2015.[37][38] Two major retrospectives of her work—a 2005 traveling exhibition titled Remembrance and Reconciliation shown at Ruhr University in Bochum, Philadelphia's International House, and Northwestern University's Dittmar Gallery and a special exhibition curated by Kitagawa Fram as part of the 2009 Echigo-Tsumari Triennial—helped to confirm the importance of her work despite her marginalization within the institutional art world.[39][40][41] After finding it challenging for students and other audiences to grasp the full scope of Tomiyama's work during the 2005 exhibition, Northwestern University historian Laura Hein and Professor Emerita of Kyoto Seika University Rebecca Jennison launched a website and book in 2010 to better contextualize Tomiyama's practice.[42] In 2018 a research team headed by University of Tokyo cultural anthropologist Yuko Manabe embarked on an investigation of Tomiyama's life and work, resulting in a number of new articles about her work and contributing to a retrospective of Tomiyama's work at Yonsei University Museum held from March to August 2021.[43][44] The exhibition was launched with a virtual symposium on her life and work co-hosted by Yonsei University and University of Tokyo, and during the exhibition's run, in June 2021, Tomiyama was awarded South Korea's Order of Civil Merit for her contributions to the country's democratization process.[45][46] Tomiyama passed away on August 18, 2021, at her home in Tokyo at the age of 99.[47]

Select Artwork Series

Mining and Miners

Tomiyama's earliest works of the postwar period were focused on the coal and copper mines in Hokkaido and Kyūshu, a site of major social inequality, energy production for postwar reconstruction, and labor union organizing in the 1950s. The first series she produced in these hinterlands were mining landscapes rendered in a cubist style that sought to capture the beauty of discarded and devalued subjects, but in producing these oil paintings, she confirmed her dissatisfaction with the two dominant modes of painting in early postwar Japan, namely Socialist realism and the European modernist avant garde.[48] She then switched to the medium of lithographic prints, rendered in black and white to capture the visages of the miners she met. While the reportage-like aspect of addressing the inhabitants rather than the landscapes appealed to her, she feared her expressionistic style bore too much resemblance to that of one of her sources of inspiration, Käthe Kollwitz.[49] Thus she continued her search for a language distinct from European modernism that could authentically address the lives of everyday and marginalized people.[48]

Chained Hands in Prayer: Korea

Tomiyama produced a series of black-and-white lithographic prints based on Kim Chi-ha's poetry in 1974 as a response to the arrest and death sentences imposed on Kim and group of pro-democracy students at Seoul University. Although produced in part for the publication Shin'ya: Kimu Jiha + Tomiyama Taeko shigashū (Midnight: Kim Chi Ha + Tomiyama Taeko Illustrated Poetry Collection), several works from this series were to be used as backdrops for fifteen-minute television documentary called "Kim Chi Ha: A Christian in Darkness" scheduled to precede Kim's trial in 1976. When NHK canceled the broadcast, however, Tomiyama and the documentary crew turned the show into a slideshow called Chained Hands in Prayer: Korea 1974. Featuring 140 slides of Tomiyama's lithographs alongside a musical score by musician Yūji Takahashi, the slideshow toured churches and other public venues in countries around the world including the US, Mexico, and South Korea. Art historian Hagiwara Hiroko argues that as a politically committed artist resigned to working outside of commercial galleries and other central art institutions, this slide show format became Tomiyama's signature medium, solving the problem of reaching audiences through its portable, easily reproducible format.[50]

Prayer in Memory ～ Gwangju, May 1980

Tomiyama considers this primarily black-and-white (though including limited color now) lithographic series crucial in her development as an artist. Tomiyama and Takahashi were inspired to produce prints and music in the immediate aftermath of the May 1980 uprising in Gwangju, initially intended to be used in a television documentary, but upon learning the broadcast was to be cancelled, they turned them into another slideshow work. As with the 1977 slideshow, Prayer in Memory ~ Gwangju, May 1980 traveled across the US, Europe, and South Korea at events hosted by human rights groups in churches, universities, and other public gathering spaces. Her response to the Gwangju massacre was one of the first to circulate internationally, thanks to her unique long-term commitment to the Korean pro-democracy movement and her privileged position working as an artist based outside of Korea.[51]

Coerced and Forlorn

This series, completed in 1984, saw Tomiyama return to the theme of miners, but this time through the topic of Japan's wartime policies of forced labor by Korean ethnic minorities. While still produced as lithographic prints, art historian Hiroko Hagiwara writes that Tomiyama "first draw and carved the images, then printed and cut them out so that she could construct collages."[52] Rather than depicting the violence of forced migration and slave labor, Tomiyama uses bold graphic forms cut and arranged irregularly to depict the social and psychological effects of these policies, and to reflect on the complicity of Japanese civilians in this imperial history. Hagiwara argues that with this series Tomiyama's "signature theme had become imperial rule, for which she thought she bore responsibility as a Japanese person."[52]

Memories of the Sea

By the mid-1980s Tomiyama had found a radically new approach to her chosen subject of the lingering legacies of Japan's colonial rule. She returned to oil painting for the first time since the 1950s and introduced full color into these new compositions while incorporating references to Asian folk religions and tales as her new "Asian visual language."[53] She first took up this new approach in a 1983 work that preceded this series entitled Those who fly in the sky. Inspired by Lady Dai's Funerary Banner, a Han dynasty work discovered at the Mawangdi Tomb in the mid-1970s, the image incorporates the color palette of the ancient banner and includes a pantheon of mythological creatures inspired by the cosmological symbols in the original banner, but with a feminist twist. Instead of placing the male mythological figure of Fu Xi in the heavens as the penultimate motif in the overall composition, Tomiyama's painting focuses on the earthly realm and replaces the death rituals of Lady Dai with an image of a traditional standing birth, thematizing a scene of feminine strength.[54]

Memories of the Sea (1986) continued this mixture of Japanese and foreign non-Western sources, combining the macabre aesthetics of medieval Japanese hungry ghost scrolls and Kawanabe Kyōsai prints with Mexican Day of the Dead motifs from artists including José Guadalupe Posada.[54] Centering on the image of the female shaman as an indigenous tradition common across Central and East Asia, but one particularly poignant for Koreans seeking to heal from the death and trauma of colonial rule, the series deals with the debt the Japanese owe to the women conscripted as comfort women during the Pacific Theater of WWII. The slide show version of this series (completed in 1988) opens with the line "I am a shaman, I am a Miko," and the series focuses on scenes that invoke shrines, graveyards, and other memorials alongside symbols of Japanese imperialism and allusions to the consumption of human female figures.[55] Unlike earlier series, Memories of the Sea included a performance as well as the painting series and slide show, foregrounding the seemingly futile attempt to give voices to the comfort women victims whose stories were lost to the war and the seas through the figure of the shaman who bridges the worlds of the living and the dead.[56][57] Completed before the death of the Showa Emperor and the subsequent public testimonies of comfort women from various countries, the international tours of this series helped establish a groundwork for the 1990s activism around Japanese war responsibility.[55][58] Tomiyama continued this theme of women victims of Japanese Imperialism into the early 1990s, connecting the plight of comfort women during the war to that of Korean and Southeast Asian women brought to Japan as sex workers in the decades following the 1960s Japanese economic miracle. These themes were realized in painting series such as the slideshow Kaeranu onnatachi (Women Who Do Not Return) and the painting series Nihon ni ikō! (Let's go to Japan!) both of 1991.[29]

Harbin: Requiem for the Twentieth Century and The Fox Story

These series, completed in the 1990s and early 2000s, introduced the figure of the fox into Tomiyama's oeuvre. Tomiyama's fox figures draw on Asian folk mythology that sees the fox as a trickster, disguising itself as an innocent human only to betray those who trust it, and at the same time as a figure that most often takes the form of a woman to convincingly play the role of innocent victim. As scholar of religion Yuki Miyamoto explains, Tomiyama's fox imagery invokes ethical questions, "not only rais[ing] the question of whether women were victims of war and patriarchal society, but also the question of whether they were complicit in the structure of war."[82] As Miyamoto further points out, the complexity of this figure includes its association with war through the destructive image of kitsunebi (foxfire), its appearance across cultural and religious boundaries (most explicitly in the figure of the Shinto/Buddhist deity Inari in Japan), and its association with the Japanese imperial household through the enthronement ceremony for new emperors.[59]

Harbin: Requiem for the Twentieth Century (1995) was Tomiyama's response to her childhood growing up in Manchuria as a settler colonist, inspired by a 1992 trip to the region and completed for the fiftieth anniversary of the end of WWII. Realized as series of forty paintings, collages, and silkscreen prints organized into eight groups, this series uses the multi-cultural history of modern as a stage through which to explore the complex power relations of the Japanese empire's colonial margins. In one group of seven paintings depicting everyday Japanese as foxes, Tomiyama reflects on the hierarchies that allowed a female Japanese citizen such as herself to both wield colonial privilege, be viewed as second-class colonizers by the Westerner's gaze, and be victim of the patriarchal structures of Japanese imperial society.[60][61] Silkscreen works in the Harbin series, such as Sold off to the Continent and Karayuki (both 1994), continue her previous theme of comfort women and human trafficking. A group of photocollages from the series titled Harbin Station: the Chronicle treats historical incidents such as the Boxer Rebellion and the assassination of Itō Hirobumi by Ahn Jung-geun.[61] A Fox Story (1999) treats the theme of the Japanese colonization of Manchuria in a less personal, more folkloric way, following ritual cycles of daily life against a wartime backdrop before connecting them to the bustle and affluence of contemporary corporate Japan.[62]

Both series combine symbols of modern imperial rule and sacrifice for the empire, such as cherry blossoms, hinomaru flags, and chrysanthemums with landscapes of the continental colony and tableau associated with travel and conquest: a fox family posing for a photo in front a shrine before sending a groom-soldier off to war, a procession of foxes wind through a cherry-blossom-laced landscape toting banners with wartime slogans, a faceless soldier seemingly encountering a red-light district complete with a bevy of geisha in front of a desolate sunset.[63][59] This idea of travel further carries through to her treatment of many of the paintings in the Harbin series, which she mounted on inherited antique cloth replicating the conventions of East Asian hanging scrolls and handscrolls in a nod toward portability.[61] As with Tomiyama's other major painting series, both Harbin: Requiem for the Twentieth Century and The Fox Story were turned into slideshows, using photographic details of the paintings to turn a handful of paintings each into longer narratives. When it was exhibited in a gallery space for Silenced by History in 1995, the Harbin painting series ended in a dimly lit multi-media installation featuring a gas-mask-wearing soldier and strewn broken testtubes that referenced the medical experiments conducted by the Japanese on prisoners near Harbin.[63]

Hiruko and the Puppeteers: A Tale of Sea Wanderers

As implied by the title of the 2007–09 Hiruko and the Puppeteers: A Tale of Sea Wanderers, this series of paintings and collages follow a troupe of Polynesian masks, Japanese folkloric dolls, and Malaysian and Indonesian puppets on a journey to Southeast Asia from Central Asia via China and Awaji Island. While the collages set photographs of dolls and prints of deities against more abstract designs evocative of water and mud, the paintings are explicitly set under the sea in the depths of greenish waters. The narrative this series follows focuses on these masks, puppets, and dolls as signifiers of deities cast aside in the materialistic frenzy of modern culture in the twentieth century as humans turned to cinema, animations, and other technological entertainments. Yet the series is also concerned with the lingering effects of the Cold War geopolitical order in the form of the 9/11 attacks, the violent attempts of the Western powers to maintain control over oil-laced deserts, and the Japanese and Korean complicity with the military policies of the US in Asia. The series thus continues Tomiyama's "longstanding focus on transnational history, warfare, and Japan's relationship with Asia."[64]

Revelation from the Sea

Initiated in the aftermath of the triple tragedies of the Tohoku Earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown of 3.11, Revelation from the Sea treats the invisible threats from these events and the subsequent bungling of the Japanese corporate and government responses in four paintings and fourteen collages. With themes such as the exploded remains of Reactor No. 4, Caesium-137-laced cherry blossoms, a menacingly red sunset over a deceptively calm sea, dead butterflies, disassembled circuit boards, and fires within tsunami-flooded urban ruins, the series reads as an apocalyptic critique of the modern hubris that is intertwined with contemporary energy networks and electronic technologies. Given this focus on death, it is not surprising that this is also the first series of Tomiyama's to prominently feature Buddhist deities—Fūjin, Raijin, and the Shitennō—although following her earlier strategies of featuring cross-cultural figures, these deities have their roots in Hindu iconography. She collaborated again with Yūji Takahashi to turn this series into a multimedia show, but this time in the form of a DVD rather than a slideshow.[65]

Select exhibitions

  • Solo exhibition, Shiseido Gallery, Ginza, Tokyo, 1954[66]
  • Exhibitions of lithographs from the On the Poems of Kim Ji-ha and Pablo Neruda series, New York, Chicago, and Berkeley, 1975[67]
  • Exhibitions of Kwangju, May 1980: A Prayer in Memory, Kansai and Sapporo, Japan, 1980[67]
  • Exhibitions held in Paris, Berlin, Heidelberg and Munich, 1982–83[67]
  • Exhibition of oil paintings, prints, movie, and slide show, Gallery of the University of London, UK, 1988[68]
  • War as Seen through Women's Eyes, Galerie NIL, West Berlin, West Germany, 1988[68]
  • Tomiyama Taeko hanga-ten: waga Chikuhō, waga Chōsen, Liberty Osaka (Osaka Human Rights Museum), 1989[69]
  • Two-person exhibition with Jaratsuri Roopkumdee, Bangkok, Thailand, 1991[69]
  • Erōsu, waga itami: Tomiyama Taeko-ten, Parthenon Tama Municipal Gallery, Tama City, Tokyo, Japan in conjunction with the Tama Feminist Festival, 1992[70][71]
  • Ajia e no shiza: kaeranu shojo genga-ten, the Japan Foundation ASEAN Cultural Center Gallery, Tokyo, 1993[70][71]
  • Special Guest Exhibition, First Gwangju Biennal Art Festival, Gwangju, Korea, 1995[72]
  • Silenced by History: Tomiyama Taeko, 50 Years after the War, Tama Art University Museum, Tokyo and Donga Gallery, Seoul, 1995[34][67]
  • Ianfu e no rekuiemu: Tomiyama Taeko sakuhin-ten, Liberty Osaka (Osaka Human Rights Museum), 1997[69]
  • From the Asians: Tomiyama Taeko & Hong Sung-dam, Mangwol-dong Gallery, Gwangju; Bucheon City Hall Lobby, Korea; and Kawasaki City Education and Culture Center, Japan, 1998[69][73]
  • 3rd Gwangju Biennale, Korea, 2000[74]
  • Kitsune to tankō-ten, Acros Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan, 2001[69]
  • Miko to Kitsune: Tomiyama Taeko, Gallery Fleur, Kyoto Seika University, 2002[75]
  • Japanese Women Artists in Avant-garde Movements, 1950–1975, curated by Kokatsu Reiko, Tochigi Prefectural Museum of Fine Arts, Utsunomiya, Japan, 2005[76]
  • Remembrance and Reconciliation, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany; International House, Philadelphia; Dittmar Gallery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA, 2005–06[40][41]
  • Embracing Asia: The Complete Works of Tomiyama Taeko 1950–2009, Echigo-Tsumari Triennial, Nakasato, 2009[77]
  • Tomiyama Taeko sakuhin-ten: kioku no ito wo tumugu—shinsai, sensō, onna, Riaosha Gallery, Keio University, 2012
  • Banned Images: Control and Censorship in East Asian Democracies, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, 2015[15]
  • Tomiyama Taeko: Owari no hajimari, hajimari no owari, Maruki Gallery for the Hiroshima Panels, Saitama, Japan, 2016–17 (special exhibition)[78]
  • Truth: Promise for Peace, National Women's History Exhibition Hall, Seoul, 2017[69]
  • 74th Annual Japan Independent Exhibition and Women Artists, Japan Art Association, National Art Center, Tokyo, 2021[79]
  • To Turbulent Seas of Memory: The World of Tomiyama Taeko, Yonsei University Museum, 2021[80] (included a symposium co-hosted by the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo)

Publications

  • Tankōfu to watakushi, Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1960
  • Chūnanbei hitori tabi, Asahi Shinbunsha, 1964
  • Hankenryoku no shōgen: shimin ga tsuikyū suru, Gōdō Shuppan, 1971
  • Watashi no kaihō: henkyō to teihen no tabi, Chikuma Shobō, Ltd., 1972
  • Onna e no sanka: warera no kaihō, Sanseidō Co., Ltd., 1973
  • Koe yo kesareta koe yo Chiri ni [Silenced Voices: Chile], Rironsha Co., Ltd., 1974 (poetry by Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, lithographs by Tomiyama Takeo)
  • Watashi no girishia shinwa: erōsu e no kaiki, Doshinsha Publishing, 1975
  • Shin'ya: Kimu Jiha + Tomiyama Taeko shigashū, Doyō Bijutsusha, 1976 (poetry by Kim Chi-ha, prints by Tomiyama Taeko)
  • Kaihō no bigaku: 20-seiki no gaka wa nani o mezashita ka, Miraisha, 1979
  • Hajike hōsenka: bi to sei e no toi, Chikuma Shobō, Ltd., 1983
  • Souru—Pari—Tōkyō: e to minzoku wo meguru taidan, Kirokusha, 1985 (co-authors Lee Ungno, Park In-kyung, and Tomiyama Taeko)
  • Sensō sekinin o uttaeru hitori tabi: Rondon, Berurin, Nyūyōku, Iwanami Shoten, 1989
  • Minshū ga jidai o hiraku: minshū shingaku o meguru Nikkan no taiwa, Shinkyō Shuppansha, 1990
  • Jidai o tsugeta onnatachi: nijisseiki feminizumu e no michi, Tsuge Shobō, 1990
  • Kaeranu onnatachi: jūgun ianfu to Nihon bunka, Iwanami Shoten, 1992
  • Bijutsushi o toki hanatsu, Jiji Tsūshinsha, 1994 (co-authors Tomiyama Taeko, Hamada Kazuko, and Hagiwara Hiroko)
  • Silenced by History: Tomiyama Taeko's Work, Gendai Kikakushitsu, 1995
  • Hiruko to kugutsushi: tabigeinin no monogatari [Hiruko and the puppeteers: A tale of sea wanderers], Gendai Kikakushitsu, 2009 (paintings by Tomiyama Taeko, music by Takahashi Yūji)
  • Ajia o idaku: gaka jinsei kioku to yume, Iwanami Shoten, 2009
  • Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility, by Laura Hein and Rebecca Jemison, University of Michigan Press, 2010
  • "Otokobunka" yo, saraba: shokuminchi, sensō, genpatsu o kataru, Iwanami Shoten, 2013 (Sug-ok Shin interviewer, Tomiyama Taeko interviewee)
  • Banned Images: Control and Censorship in East Asian Democracies, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, 2015 (exhibition catalogue)

Public collections

The British Museum, London

Asian Art Museum, San Francisco

Kyoto Seika University, Kyoto

Ha Jung-woong Collection, Gwangju Museum of Art

References

  1. ^ Jennison, Rebecca (1997). ""Postcolonial" Feminist Locations: The Art of Tomiyama Taeko and Shimada Yoshiko". U.S.-Japan Women's Journal. English Supplement (12): 84–108. JSTOR 42772109.
  2. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca (eds.). Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility. Ann Arbor, MI: U OF M CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES. p. 19. doi:10.3998/mpub.9340221. ISBN 978-1-929280-62-9.
  3. ^ a b Takeda, Hajime (19 August 2021). "画家の富山妙子さん死去 光州事件テーマ、海外にも影響". Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  4. ^ Jennison, Rebecca (9 November 2010). "Tomiyama Taeko: An Artist's Life and Work". Critical Asian Studies. 33: 101–119. doi:10.1080/14672710122817. S2CID 144394887.
  5. ^ Hein, Laura; Tanaka Nobuko. "Brushing with Authority: The Life and Art of Tomiyama Taeko". Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  6. ^ a b c Manabe, Yuko (2020). "Tomiyama Taeko to wa dare ka". 5·18민주화운동 40주년 기념 학술행사경계를 넘는 화가: 도미야마 다에코의 삶과 예술 (in Korean and Japanese). 5·18민주화운동기록관장. p. 33.
  7. ^ a b c Yamamoto, Horiki (August 2021). "Tomiyama Taeko: Nihon no sensō sekinin kara genpatsu made, seiji mondai o shōsha suru ekkyō no gakka". Bijutsu techō. 1089: 55.
  8. ^ Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca. "Miners' Worlds | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  9. ^ Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca. "Underground Connections | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  10. ^ Hein, Laura (2020). "About | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  11. ^ Yamamoto, Hiroki (August 2021). "Tomiyama Taeko: Nihon no sensō sekinin kara genpatsu made, seiji mondai o shōsha suru ekkyō no gakka". Bijutsu techō. 1089: 56.
  12. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  13. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Hein, Rebecca Jennison (ed.). Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility. University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies. p. 19. doi:10.3998/mpub.9340221. ISBN 978-1-929280-63-6.
  14. ^ a b Tomiyama, Taeko (1995). "The Pilgrimage of a Painter An Encounter with the Soul of Minjung". Japan Christian Review. 61: 69–71.
  15. ^ a b c "Taeko TOMIYAMA". Verbotene Bilder | Banned Images. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  16. ^ Stetz, Margaret D.; Oh, Bonnie B. C. (2001). "Tomiyama Taeko's 'A Memory of the Sea'". In Margaret D. Stetz; Bonnie B. C. Oh (eds.). Legacies of the comfort women of World War II. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-317-46625-3. OCLC 655439703.
  17. ^ "スライド作品 | 富山妙子 Taeko Tomiyama". tomiyamataeko.org (in Japanese). 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  18. ^ Sherif, Ann (2010). "Art as Activism: Tomiyama Taeko and the Marukis". In Laura Hein, Rebecca Jennison (ed.). Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility. Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-472-90162-3.
  19. ^ Tomiyama, Taeko, ed. (1973). Onna e no sanka: warera no kaihō (in Japanese). Tokyo: Sanseidō. OCLC 672992821.
  20. ^ Mackie, Vera C. (2003). Feminism in modern Japan: citizenship, embodiment, and sexuality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 204, 211–12. ISBN 978-0-511-47019-6. OCLC 967406168.
  21. ^ Tai, Eika (2020). "History of the Comfort Women Movement". Comfort Women Activism: Critical Voices from the Perpetrator State. Hong Kong University Press. p. 15. doi:10.2307/j.ctv18b5c1t. ISBN 978-988-8528-45-5. JSTOR j.ctv18b5c1t. S2CID 226329746.
  22. ^ a b Lee, Misook (September 21, 2014). "The Japan-Korea Solidarity Movement in the 1970s and 1980s: From Solidarity to Reflexive Democracy". The Asia-Pacific Journal Japan Focus. 12 (38).
  23. ^ History of JAALA: nihon, ajia, afurika, raten amerika bijutsuka kaigi nenpyō, 1977–1993. JAALA. 1993. pp. 5, 13.
  24. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  25. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Hein, Rebecca Jennison (ed.). Imagination without borders feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Center for Japanese Studies, the University of Michigan. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-929280-62-9. OCLC 1240529873.
  26. ^ Kang, Hyun Yi (2020). Traffic in Asian women. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 28–31. ISBN 978-1-4780-1228-3. OCLC 1156424841.
  27. ^ Manabe, Yuko (2020). "Tomiyama Taeko to wa dare ka". 5·18민주화운동 40주년 기념 학술행사경계를 넘는 화가: 도미야마 다에코의 삶과 예술 (in Korean and Japanese). Seoul: 5·18민주화운동기록관장. p. 43.
  28. ^ Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  29. ^ a b Hein, Laura. "Memories of the Sea | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  30. ^ Hein, Laura. "Harbin: Requiem for the 20th Century | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  31. ^ Hein, Laura. "The Fox Story | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  32. ^ Tanaka, Nobuko; Hein, Laura (March 29, 2010). "Brushing with Authority: The Life and Art of Tomiyama Taeko". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  33. ^ "Kwangju Biennale 1995 | Art as Witness: The Spirit of Kwangju Resistance in May". Asia Art Archive. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  34. ^ a b "附属美術館の企画記録". www.tamabi.ac.jp. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  35. ^ Hein, Laura. "Revelation from the Sea | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  36. ^ Hein, Laura. "Hiruko and the Puppeteers | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  37. ^ Kokatsu, Reiko (2005). Zen'ei no josei, 1950–1975 (in Japanese). Tochigi Prefectural Museum of Art. OCLC 1020937455.
  38. ^ "Verbotene Bilder | Banned Images". www.verbotenebilder.net. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  39. ^ "Embracing Asia: The Complete Works of Tomiyama Taeko 1950–2009 – Artworks｜Echigo-Tsumari Art Field". Echigo-Tsumari Art Field. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  40. ^ a b "Tomiyama Taeko: Gedächtnis des Meeres". Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Universitätsbibliothek. 2004.
  41. ^ a b Moore, Judy (December 27, 2005). "Latest Works By Tomiyama Taeko Exhibited at Dittmar Gallery: Northwestern University News". www.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  42. ^ Hein, Laura (2020). "About | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  43. ^ Manabe, Yuko; Kaneko, Takeshi; Lee, Misook; Fujioka, Hiroshi. "Research Project on Tomiyama Taeko's life and 'Narrative Art': Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Historical Context, Aesthetics/Ethics and Artistic Practices". Kaken. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  44. ^ "커뮤니티 – 박물관소식 – 유물 / 전시 게시판읽기 ( [ 전시 ] ' 기억의 바다로 – 도미야마 다에코의 세계 ' 전시 연장 안내 ) | 박물관". museum.yonsei.ac.kr. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  45. ^ Manabe, Yuko (March 8, 2021). "東文研シンポジウム（共催：延世大学校博物館）「記憶の海へ―富山妙子の世界」のお知らせ". Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo.
  46. ^ "재단활동 민주주의 바람되어, 역사에서 일상으로' 제34주년 6·10민주항쟁 기념식, 민주인권기념관 착공식". 5·18기념재단 (The May 18 Memorial Foundation) (in Korean). 10 June 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  47. ^ 武田, 肇 (August 19, 2021). "画家の富山妙子さん死去 光州事件テーマ、海外にも影響：朝日新聞デジタル". 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  48. ^ a b Hagiwara, Hiroko (2010). "Working on and off the Margins". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 131–34. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  49. ^ Jennison, Rebecca (2010). "Talking across the World: A Discussion between Tomiyama Taeko and Eleanor Rubin". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  50. ^ Hagiwara, Hiroko (2010). "Working on and off the Margins". In Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca (eds.). Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies. pp. 134–37. ISBN 978-0-472-90162-3.
  51. ^ Jennison, Rebecca. "Prayer, Memory and Revelation～Tomiyama Taeko's Socially Engaged Art". 京都精華大学紀要. 第五十三号: 250–51.
  52. ^ a b Hagiwara, Hiroko (2010). "Working on and off the Margins". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  53. ^ Hein, Laura. "Heaven and Earth in Central Asia | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  54. ^ a b Hein, Laura (2010). "Postcolonial Conscience: Making Moral Sense of Japan's Modern World". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 22–24. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  55. ^ a b Jennison, Rebecca (2010). "Talking across the World: A Discussion between Tomiyama Taeko and Eleanor Rubin". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  56. ^ Stetz, Margaret D.; Oh, Bonnie B. C. (2001). "Tomiyama Taeko's A Memory of the Sea". In Margaret D. Stetz; Bonnie B. C. Oh (eds.). Legacies of the comfort women of World War II. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 204–08. ISBN 978-1-317-46625-3. OCLC 655439703.
  57. ^ Copeland, Rebecca (2010). "Art beyond Language: Japanese Women Artists and the Feminist Imagination". In Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca (eds.). Imagination without Borders: Feminist Artist Tomiyama Taeko and Social Responsibility. University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies. pp. 65–66. doi:10.3998/mpub.9340221. ISBN 978-1-929280-63-6.
  58. ^ Hagiwara, Hiroko (2010). "Working on and off the Margins". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  59. ^ a b Miyamoto, Yuki (2010). "Fire and Femininity: Fox Imagery and Ethical Responsibility". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 74–80. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  60. ^ Miyamoto, Yuki (2010). "Fire and Femininity: Fox Imagery and Ethical Responsibility". In Laura Elizabeth Hein; Rebecca Jennison (eds.). Imagination without borders: feminist artist Tomiyama Taeko and social responsibility. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 71–73. ISBN 978-0-472-12767-2. OCLC 1184509450.
  61. ^ a b c Hagiwara, Hiroko (1995-12-01). "Silenced by 'history': Taeko Tomiyama's 'Harbin station' series". Third Text. 9 (33): 67–69. doi:10.1080/09528829508576579. ISSN 0952-8822.
  62. ^ Jennison, Rebecca (2003). "Remembering as Resistance: The" Shaman" and the" Fox" in the Art of Tomiyama Taeko". Journal of Kyoto Seika University. 25: 195–97.
  63. ^ a b Jennison, Rebecca (1997). ""Postcolonial" Feminist Locations: The Art of Tomiyama Taeko and Shimada Yoshiko". U.S.-Japan Women's Journal (12): 92–93. ISSN 1059-9770. JSTOR 42772109.
  64. ^ Hein, Laura. "Hiruko and the Puppeteers | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  65. ^ Hein, Laura. "Revelation from the Sea | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  66. ^ Hein, Laura; Jennison, Rebecca. "Tomiyama Taeko | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  67. ^ a b c d "Tomiyama Taeko | Imagination Without Borders". imaginationwithoutborders.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  68. ^ a b Tomiyama, Taeko (1995). "The Pilgrimage of a Painter: An Encounter with the Soul of Minjung". The Japan Christian Review. 61: 65.
  69. ^ a b c d e f "年譜 | 富山妙子 Taeko Tomiyama". tomiyamataeko.org (in Japanese). 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  70. ^ a b "現代美術特論レポート". yukimichi.fc2web.com. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  71. ^ a b "富山妙子". 네이버 블로그 | mensore (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  72. ^ Tanaka, Nobuko; Hein, Laura (March 29, 2010). "Brushing with Authority: The Life and Art of Tomiyama Taeko". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 8 (13, n3).
  73. ^ "From the Asians: Tomiyama, Taeko Hong, Sung-Dam – Webcat Plus". webcatplus.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  74. ^ "On the Artists, Curators & Authors". Verbotene Bilder | Banned Images. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  75. ^ Jennison, Rebecca (2003). "Remembering as Resistance: The "Shaman" and the "Fox" in the Art of Tomiyama Taeko". Journal of Kyoto Seika University. 25: 185.
  76. ^ Kokatsu, Reiko (2005). Zen'ei no josei, 1950–1975 (in Japanese). Tochigi Prefectural Museum of Art. OCLC 1020937455.
  77. ^ "Embracing Asia: The Complete Works of Tomiyama Taeko 1950–2009 – Artworks｜Echigo-Tsumari Art Field". Echigo-Tsumari Art Field. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  78. ^ "特別展示・富山妙子 終わりの始まり 始まりの終わり | 原爆の図 丸木美術館". 原爆の図 丸木美術館 | Maruki Gallery for the Hiroshima Panels (in Japanese). 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  79. ^ "国立新美術館『第74回日本アンデパンタン展と女性作家たち』にて出展（2021年3月18日～3月29日） | 富山妙子 Taeko Tomiyama". tomiyamataeko.org (in Japanese). 2021-03-18. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  80. ^ Kim, Shin-young (2021-06-06). "Underneath the 'Turbulent Seas of Memory'". The Yonsei Annals (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-12-26.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomiyama_Taeko&oldid=1219909470"