Textual variants in the Second Epistle to Timothy

Textual variants in the Second Epistle to Timothy are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus^[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."^[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.^[3]

Legend

A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.^[4]^[5]

General sigla

# beginning with 0: uncial

# not beginning with 0: minuscule

^* superscript: original reading

^c superscript: scribal correction

^ms superscript: individual manuscript

^mss superscript: multiple manuscripts

^pt superscript: partial attestation

^vid superscript: uncertain reading

arab: Arabic versions

arm: Armenian versions

𝔐 or Byz: Byzantine text-type

cop: Coptic versions

sa: Sahidic version

bo: Boharic version

eth: Ethiopic versions

ƒ: Greek manuscripts family

geo: Georgian versions

goth: Gothic versions

it: Italic/Vetus Latina

lat: most Italic and Vulgate

latt: all Italic and Vulgate

𝔓: papyrus

𝑙: individually numbered lectionary

Lect: most or all numbered lectionaries

parenthesized (): approximate reading

rell: all other extant manuscripts

slav: Slavic versions

syr: Syriac versions

vg: Latin Vulgate

ς: Textus Receptus

Uncial sigla: א‎: Codex Sinaiticus (01); A: Codex Alexandrinus (02); B: Codex Vaticanus (03); C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04); D^ea: Codex Bezae (05); D^p: Codex Claromontanus (06); K^e: Codex Cyprius (017); K^ap: Codex Mosquensis I (018); L^e: Codex Regius (New Testament) (019); L^ap: Codex Angelicus (020); P^apr: Codex Porphyrianus (025); S: Codex Vaticanus 354 (028); V: Codex Mosquensis II (031); W: Codex Washingtonianus (032); Z: Codex Dublinensis (035); Γ: Codex Tischendorfianus IV (036); Δ: Codex Sangallensis 48 (037); Θ: Codex Koridethi (038); Ξ: Codex Zacynthius (040); Π: Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament) (041); Φ: Codex Beratinus (043); Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044); Ω: Codex Athous Dionysiou (045); ff¹: Codex Corbeiensis I; ff²: Codex Corbeiensis II; g¹: Codex Sangermanensis I; k: Codex Bobiensis

Critical editions: T8th: Tischendorf's 8th Edition of Editio Octava Critica Maior; WH: Westcott and Hort (1881); NA: Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland); UBS: United Bible Societies; ECM: Editio Critica Maior

Textual variants

Textual variants in the Second Epistle to Timothy

1 Textual variants in 2 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1:11

καὶ διδάσκαλος (and teacher) – א*, A, I, 1175, syr^pal

καὶ διάκονος (and servant) – 33

καὶ διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν (and teacher of nations) – א^c, D, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

1 Textual variants in 2 Timothy 2

2 Timothy 2:14

θεοῦ (of God) – א, C, G, I, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1877, 1962, 2492, 2495, ℓ 598, it

κυρίου (of the Lord) – A, D, K, P, Ψ, 048, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 1241, 1739, 1881, 1984, 1985, 2127, Byz, Lect

Χριστου (of Christ) – 206, 429, 1758

1 Textual variants in 2 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 3:1

2 Textual variants in 2 Timothy 4

2 Timothy 4:10

Γαλατιαν (to Galatia) – A D F G K L P Ψ 33 88 181 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect

Γαλλιαν (to Gaul) – א C 81 104 326 436

Γαλιλαιαν (to Galilee) – cop^bo

2 Timothy 4:22

Ιησους (Jesus) – A, 104, 614, vgst

Ιησους Χριστος (Jesus Christ) – א², C, D, Ψ, Byz, a, b, f, vg^cl

κυριος (Lord) – א, F, G, 33, 1739, 1881, cop^sa

References

^ Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
^ Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
^ Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113
^ Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 54, 62–86, 102–103. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.
^ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2022.

External links

The Comparative Critical Greek New Testament
Variantes textuais (in Portuguese)
Varianten Textus receptus versus Nestle-Aland

[1] Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)

[2] Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154

[3] Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

[4] Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 54, 62–86, 102–103. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.

[5] J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2022.

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Textual variants in the Second Epistle to Timothy

Legend

Textual variants

See also

References

Further reading

External links