Terminal complement pathway deficiency
| Terminal complement pathway deficiency | |
|---|---|
 | |
| complement membrane attack complex |
Terminal complement pathway deficiency is a genetic condition affecting the complement membrane attack complex (MAC).
It involves deficiencies of C5, C6, C7, and C8. (While C9 is part of the MAC, and deficiencies have been identified,[1] it is not required for cell lysis.[2])
People with this condition are prone to meningococcal infection.[3] Vaccination may be recommended.[4]
Cause
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Diagnosis
Suspect terminal complement pathway deficiency in patients with more than one Neisseria infection episode.
| C4 (C) | FB (A) | C3 | CH50 | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| · | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | PSG, C3 NeF AA |
| ↓ | · | ↓ | · | HAE, C4D |
| · | · | · | ↓ | TCPD |
| ↓ | ·/↓ | ↓ | ↓ | SLE |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | inflammation |
Initial complement tests often include C3 and C4, but not C5 through C9. Instead, the CH50 result may play a role in diagnosis: if the CH50 level is low but C3 and C4 are normal, then analysis of the individual terminal components may be warranted.
Treatment
Patients with terminal complement pathway deficiency should receive meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccinations. They can receive live vaccines.
References
- ^ Lint TF, Zeitz HJ, Gewurz H (November 1980). "Inherited deficiency of the ninth component of complement in man". J. Immunol. 125 (5): 2252–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.125.5.2252. PMID 7430628. S2CID 32575206.
- ^ Thomas M. Habermann; Mayo Clinic (1 November 2007). Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Concise Textbook. CRC Press. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-4200-6749-1. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ J.K. Sinha & S. Bhattacharya. A Text Book of Immunology. Academic Publishers. pp. 385–. ISBN 978-81-89781-09-5. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ Frederick S. Southwick (10 December 2007). Infectious diseases: a clinical short course. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-0-07-147722-2. Retrieved 14 November 2010.