Statue of Robert Milligan
| Statue of Robert Milligan | |
|---|---|
 The statue in 2017 | |
| Artist | Richard Westmacott |
| Location | London, England |
| 51°30′26″N 0°01′26″W / 51.50735°N 0.02389°W | |
A statue of Robert Milligan was installed at the West India Docks in London, in 1813.[1] Milligan was a merchant, and was largely responsible for the construction of the West India Docks. After being put in storage in 1943, it was re-erected by the London Docklands Development Corporation in 1997.
On 9 June 2020, the statue was removed, coinciding with a drive to review slave-trader statues launched by the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan.[2][3][4]
History
Robert Milligan (1746–1809) was a prominent Scottish merchant, ship-owner and slave-factor, who was the driving force behind the construction of the West India Docks in London. The statue was commissioned by the West India Dock Company from the sculptor Richard Westmacott in May 1809, following Milligan's death.[5] From its installation in 1813 the statue stood by the Hibbert Gate, until 1875 when it was moved to the North Gate.[1] It was put into storage in 1943, where it remained until 1997, when it was re-erected at its original location on the West India Dock by the London Docklands Development Corporation.[6] The Museum of London Docklands opened in buildings directly behind the statue in 2003.[7]
"Father of the Island" in 1998
In 1998 an article in The Islander, a community newspaper sponsored by the Association of Island Communities on the local Isle of Dogs, published a photograph of the statue with another featuring Max Hebditch, at the time director of the Museum of London Docklands, with Roger Squire, at that time the Joint Chief Executive of the London Docklands Development Corporation, who had made the arrangements to return the statue to its original place. The article argued that Milligan was a genius who had persuaded the city merchants to build the West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs, rather than in Wapping. Dubbing Milligan "the father of the Isle of Dogs", the article called for Wednesday 12 July 2000 to be celebrated as the bicentenary of the laying of the docks' foundation stone in 1800.[8]
Shrouding in 2007
In 2007, when the Museum of London Docklands opened the London, Sugar and Slavery gallery, the connection between the West India Dock, the sugar warehouses which now house the museum and the exploitation of enslaved Africans on West Indian sugar plantations was made explicit. The 1811 portrait of George Hibbert by Thomas Lawrence had been moved from a place where he had been revered as playing a heroic role in the creation of the dock to a position in the new gallery with a caption clarifying his role as a politician and slave owner who resisted the abolition of slavery. In November, at the time of the opening of the exhibition, the statue of Robert Milligan was shrouded in black cloth, tied up with rope – although this was removed after the event. The museum also elicited the thoughts of members of the public as regards the statue in relation to Milligan's involvement with the enslavement of Africans.[9]
Removal in 2020
Following the vandalism and removal of Edward Colston's statue in Bristol by anti-racism protesters in response to the murder of George Floyd, a petition was launched to remove the statue of Milligan. Set up by Labour councillor Ehtasham Haque,[10] it attracted 4,000 signatures in less than two days.[11][4] He described the fact that the statue still existed in 2020 as "an insult to humanity".[12] A series of evening protests was planned.[11]
The statue was covered with a shroud by protesters, and placards were attached to it. On 9 June 2020, the Museum of London Docklands issued a statement saying how this made the statue an "object of protest", and said that they believed it should remain so for as long as the statue remained.[13] They added that they "advocate for the statue of Robert Milligan to be removed on the grounds of its historical links to colonial violence and exploitation." Later that day, the statue was removed by the local authority, and the landowners the Canal & River Trust, to "recognise the wishes of the community".[13][2] The statue was removed on the same day that Sadiq Khan announced plans to establish a Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm.
Museum ownership
In March 2022 the Canal & River Trust, which owned the statute, donated it to the Museum of London. The intention is to display the statute at the Museum of London Docklands in due course.[14]
See also
- List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
- List of public art formerly in London
- List of public statues of individuals linked to the Atlantic slave trade
- Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests
References
- ^ a b "Statue of 18th century slaver in east London removed after protests". Evening Standard. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ a b "London slavery statue removed from outside museum". BBC News. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ Laud, Georgina (9 June 2020). "Robert Milligan statue: Who was Robert Milligan? Statue removed". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ a b Mason, Rowena; Pidd, Helen (9 June 2020). "Labour councils launch slavery statue review as another is removed". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ Robert Milligan statue, Museum of London
- ^ "Robert Milligan". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ Culture24.org.uk: MGM 2003 – A Capital Addition, Museum In Docklands Now Open. Emma Midgley, 23 May 2003
- ^ Davies, Tudor (1998). "The father of the island revealed". No. December 1998. Association of Island Communities.
- ^ Wemyss, Georgie (2016). The Invisible Empire: White Discourse, Tolerance and Belonging. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-02701-0.
- ^ "Councillor details – Councillor Ehtasham Haque". 4 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Slave owner's statue could be removed from West India Quay tonight". Docklands & East London Advertiser. 9 June 2020. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ Burford, Rachael (9 June 2020). "Campaigners vow to protest outside Robert Milligan slave trader statue 'every day' until it is torn down". Evening Standard. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Robert Milligan statue statement". Museum of London. 9 June 2020.
- ^ "Statue of Robert Milligan joins Museum of London collection | Canal & River Trust".
Further reading
- Dresser, Madge (1 October 2007), "Set in Stone? Statues and Slavery in London", History Workshop Journal, 64 (1): 162–199, doi:10.1093/hwj/dbm032, JSTOR 25472939
- "Robert Milligan", National Recording Project, Public Monuments and Sculpture Association, archived from the original on 16 July 2011, retrieved 10 June 2020
