Robert Roth (activist)

Robert Roth (born 1950) was an active member in the anti-war, anti-racism and anti-imperialism movements of the 1960s and 70s, and key member of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) political movement in the Columbia University Chapter in New York, where he eventually presided. Later, as a member of the Weatherman/Weather Underground Organization he used militant tactics to oppose the Vietnam War and racism. After the war ended, Roth surfaced from his underground status and has been involved in a variety of social causes to this day.

Early years

Roth is the son of a middle-class family in Queens, New York, where he grew up in a progressive Jewish household.^[1] He graduated high school in 1966, at the age of 16. That same year he was began studying at Columbia University.^[2][3] In 1969, Roth withdrew from Columbia to focus his full attention to SDS.^{[2] [4]}

Students for a Democratic Society

Roth was recruited to join SDS at Columbia University by Mark Rudd and John Jacobs during his freshmen year at Columbia.^[5] In 1969, he was elected leader of SDS when he decided he would not finish school at Columbia and would instead focus on fighting the revolution.^[6] That same year he dropped out of school to avoid disciplinary charges and to commit himself to revolutionary organization. He spent that summer working with an SDS community organizing project in the Inwood section of New York City.^[7]

Roth sided with black students that opposed building the Columbia University gym in Harlem ^[8] in 1968, which was intended to grant African Americans limited access to facilities and was clearly an act of segregation.^[9] Roth also opposed the University's contribution to the Department of Defense in the form of research and military recruiting. These oppositions resulted in a series of direct actions, including strikes and building takeovers. He led building occupations at Columbia University.^[7] Roth was the contact for the Low library occupation where he noted the "great communal feeling" of those occupying the library during the take-over.^[10] The 1968 Summer session started with protests led by Roth, then a sophomore, Paul Rockwell and Stuart Gedal. On 116th and Broadway, at the university's gates, Roth led "liberation classes" in which he taught passing students about pressing matters.^[11] In September 1968, Roth held a meeting along with other students, Gedal, Josephine Duke, and Mike Golash to demand that the Morningside Gym construction stop.^[12] Roth demanded Dr. Andrew W. Cordier, Columbia's acting President, to end racist and militaristic actions at the university. Roth was part of a group who participated in attempting to force administrators of Columbia University to allow SDS members expelled from school to register for the following term. As a member of the SDS steering committee, Roth chastised Cordier for refusing to lift the 42 suspensions for the expelled students, as he claimed it signified "an attempt to split our movement."^[13]

During his time with the steering committee, Roth, along with 200 other SDS members, participated in the capture of Philosophy Hall at Columbia University on April 17, 1969.^[14] On April 17, 1969 and May 1, 1969, Roth participated in taking over and barricading the halls.^[14] Roth asserted, "We are showing that University that every time it helps the war in Vietnam we will exact reprisals."^[15] This quotation was in response to news that the university was accepting NASA research grants by allowing military recruitment on campus. A later FBI surveillance file from COINTELPRO confirmed that Roth was a participant in the Columbia student strike. He was also identified as a member of SDS and a negotiator for the Low library strikers.^[16]

On May 2, 1969, they released control of two buildings: Fayerweather and Mathematics Halls.^[17] In 1969, Roth led another Columbia strike.^[14] He was arrested June 10, 1969, found guilty, and he served 30 days in prison ^[18][19] in New York City and fined $100 for disregarding the ban of disruptions on Morningside campus.^[14]

Following his release from jail, Roth worked from August – October 1969 on the National Action Staff (NAS) for the SDS national office.^[20] In this capacity, he helped plan for the coming National Action, also known as the "Days of Rage".^{[citation needed]}

On September 15, 1969, Roth, along with seven other men and women, was arrested for refusing to stop passing out anti-war pamphlets to motorists.^[14] Roth, then 19 years old, was charged with obstructing traffic and disorderly conduct. He was fined $100.^[21]

After his release Roth resumed his work as a member of the NAS on September 17, 1969. He continued discussing plans for activities in Chicago. The Chicago demonstration was discussed as an opportunity to bring their politics to the streets in order to topple the system.^{[citation needed]}

Weatherman had emerged from SDS by late 1969. They sent Roth to Chicago where he noticed the heavy police presence. SDS applied for demonstration permits for a demonstration and march on October 11 of 1969 and held a conference at city hall. Roth noted that the deputy mayor would not commit to providing a permit, but assured the people that this demonstration would happen with or without a permit.^[22] In the fall of 1969, the 'red squad', a plain-clothes Chicago police squad, formed and focused on Weather activity in Chicago. Multiple accounts say they forcefully entered a Weatherman hide-out and hung Roth out of the window by his ankles in a raid.^[18][23][24]

Weather Underground Organization

The early months of 1970 saw great change for both Weather and Robert Roth. He recalled, "My sense of justice… and the person I wanted to be were inextricably linked to what happened with African Americans."^[25] These sentiments display why Roth joined Weather; he was interested in joining a white movement whose goal was to defeat racism and American imperialism. The news of Fred Hampton's murder in December 1969 provided Roth with the feeling of personal responsibility to make a difference.^[26] After his time in Chicago, Roth felt Chicago was a war zone which intensified the necessity of Weather's clandestine activity.^[27] In response to Greenwich Village townhouse explosion, where Terry Robbins, Diana Oughton, and Ted Gold of Weathermen perished. Roth grappled with the morality of pursuing a revolution when it endangers peoples' lives.^[28]

In his years within the Weather Underground, Roth participated in militant activities aimed against US imperialism and racism. While underground Roth participated in Osowatamie, the WUO's short lived newsletter beginning in March 1975. He served as the leader of editorial coverage.^[29] Roth surfaced and turned himself in to authorities with Phoebe Hirsch on March 25, 1977. He was released on a $1,000 bail on 9/13. He later pleaded guilty to mob action charges and received a $1,000 fine and 2 years probation.^[30]

After Weather Underground

After surfacing from the Weather Underground Organization, Robert Roth moved to San Francisco and joined Prairie Fire Organizing Committee.^[4] In the 1980s, Roth worked with the Pledge of Resistance, a movement dedicated to ending US intervention in Central America.^[31]

In 1992, Roth was a founding member of Haiti Action Committee (HAC) and opposed a US supported coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.^[4] In the ensuing years, his fight against the UN occupation of Haiti continued. He remains a member of Haiti Action Committee.^[32] Roth spoke on Tuesday, September 18, 2007, at a rally protesting the kidnapping and disappearance of Haitian human rights activist Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine, as well as the ongoing repression in Haiti.^[33] This are links to a video of Robert Roth participating in a rally held in San Francisco at the corner of Market and Montgomery on behalf of missing Haitian Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine ([1], [2]).

He co-authored activist pamphlets: "Hidden From the Headlines: the US War Against Haiti"^[34] and "We Will Not Forget: the Achievements of Lavalas in Haiti."^[35]

Roth worked as a high school social studies teacher and community activist at Mission High School in San Francisco for 30 years.^[36] He can be seen in the groundbreaking film It's Elementary, which focuses on teaching gay issues in schools. The film aired on PBS and is a model for educators across the country. He retired from teaching in 2018.^[37]

Notes

References

External links

• Where is Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine? Haiti Action Committee rally for his safe return. https://web.archive.org/web/20090429172121/http://www.haitisolidarity.net/article.php?id=196
• https://web.archive.org/web/20110525024122/http://www.haitisolidarity.net/article/php?id=196
• http://www.tmahs.com/mpages/socialstudies.htm
• http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2007/10/un-occupation-of-haiti-continues by Ben Terrall October 4, 2007