Revagupti

Revagupti
Arohanam	S R₁ G₃ P D₁ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ D₁ P G₃ R₁ S

Revagupti (pronounced rēvagupti) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (audava rāgam or owdava rāgam). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes).

It is a morning rāgam.^[1]^[2] The similar scales in Hindustani music are Rewa and Bibhas.^[2]

Structure and Lakshana

Revagupti is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam^[1]^[2] in Carnatic music classification – audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ascending and descending scale (ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure) is as follows:

ārohaṇa : S R₁ G₃ P D₁ Ṡ^[a]
avarohaṇa : Ṡ D₁ P G₃ R₁ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and shuddha dhaivatham, as per Carnatic music notation and terms for the swaras. Revagupti is considered a janya rāgam of Mayamalavagowla, the 15th Melakarta rāgam, though it can be derived from 5 other melakarta rāgams by dropping both the madhyamam and nishādham.

Popular Compositions

Here are a few songs composed in Revagupti.^[1]

Gopalaka Pahimam is popular krithi rendered in this raga nowadays, though originally it was set in the raga Bhupalam by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal
Griha bala memi composed by Tyagaraja
Sada vinatu sadare by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Ni vera ganidhi and Purushottamuda by Annamacharya

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Nee Palli Ezhundhaal	Raja Mukthi	C. R. Subburaman	M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Panniner Mozhiyaal	Thiruvarutchelvar	K. V. Mahadevan	T. M. Soundararajan,Master Maharajan
Sugamana Sindhanaiyil	Taxi Driver	M. S. Viswanathan	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Kozhi Koovum	Vanna Vanna Pookkal	Ilaiyaraaja	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Degam Pon Degam	Anbulla Malare		S. Janaki
Bhoomiye Enga	Puthu Paatu		Mano, S. Janaki
Vidinthatha Pozhuthu	Pillai Paasam		Ilaiyaraaja
Senthazham Poovil	Mullum Malarum		K.J. Yesudas
Kathiravanai Paarthu	Pookkal Vidum Thudhu	T. Rajendar	K.J. Yesudas
Ponmaanai	Mythili Ennai Kaathali	T. Rajendar	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Boobalam Arangerum	Agni Theertham	Shankar–Ganesh	K.J. Yesudas
Paarthu Sirikithu Bommai	Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi	Shankar–Ganesh	Vani Jairam
Vaigai Neerada	Chinnanchiru Kiliye	G. K. Venkatesh	Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Kaalai Veyil Nerathile	Then Chittugal	Vijay Ramani	P. Jayachandran
Kadhal Kavithai Paada	Ganam Courtar Avargale	Devendran	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Paadum Paravaigal Sangeetham	Shenbagathottam	Sirpy	S. Janaki

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities

Bhupalam rāgam differs from Revagupti only by the gāndhāram. It uses sadharana gāndhāram instead of antara gāndhāram and its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 G2 P D1 S : S D1 P G2 R1 S^[1]^[2]
Bhauli rāgam uses an additional nishadam in descending scale, in comparison to Revagupti. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 G3 P D1 S : S N3 D1 P G3 R1 S^[2]
Karnataka Shuddha Saveri rāgam uses shuddha madhyamam in place of antara gandharam of Revagupti. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 M1 P D1 S : S D1 P M1 R1 S

Notes

^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G P Ḏ Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E G A♭ C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ḏ P G Ṟ S
- Western: C A♭ G E D♭ C

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[3] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ G P Ḏ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E G A♭ C

[2] Hindustani: S Ṟ G P Ḏ Ṡ

[3] Western: C D♭ E G A♭ C

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ḏ P G Ṟ S
Western: C A♭ G E D♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ Ḏ P G Ṟ S

[6] Western: C A♭ G E D♭ C

[ragas-1] Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[raganidhi-2] Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

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[2]

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