List of political parties in India

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India has a multi-party system. The Election Commission of India (ECI) accords to national-level and state-level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol,[a] free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state, or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. Registered parties are upgraded as recognised national parties or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The recognised party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI.

Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a recognised party. In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election. Therefore, a political party shall retain the recognised party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if they fail to meet the criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status.

As per latest publications dated 15 May 2023 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties,[1] 57 state parties,[2][b] and 2,597 unrecognised parties.[7] All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the EC. All 28 states of the country along with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected governments unless President's rule is imposed under certain condition.

National parties

A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:[8]

  • The party wins two per cent of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three different states.
  • At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls six per cent of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
  • The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
6 recognised national parties[1]
Party Flag Election
symbol
Political
position
Ideology Founded Leader Government in states/UTs Seats
Chief ministers Alliance partner Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha State
assemblies
State
councils
Aam Aadmi Party AAP Centre to centre-left Populism
Secularism
Composite nationalism
Democratic socialism
November 2012
(11 years ago)
 (November 2012)
Arvind Kejriwal
2 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
10 / 245
160 / 4,123
0 / 426
Bahujan Samaj Party BSP Ambedkarism
Self-Respect
April 1984
(39 years ago)
 (April 1984)
Mayawati
0 / 31
0 / 31
8 / 543
1 / 245
5 / 4,123
0 / 426
Bharatiya Janata Party BJP Right-wing Hindutva
Nationalism
Neoliberalism
Right-wing populism
Conservatism
April 1980
(43 years ago)
 (April 1980)
J. P. Nadda
12 / 31
5 / 31
290 / 543
93 / 245
1,481 / 4,123
165 / 426
Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) Left-wing Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Secularism
Proletarian internationalism
Anti-capitalism
Socialism
November 1964
(59 years ago)
 (November 1964)
Sitaram Yechury
1 / 31
2 / 31
3 / 543
5 / 245
79 / 4,123
0 / 426
Indian National Congress INC Centre Big tent
Secularism
Social liberalism
Civic nationalism
Social democracy
December 1885
(138 years ago)
 (December 1885)
Mallikarjun Kharge
3 / 31
3 / 31
47 / 543
30 / 245
670 / 4,123
55 / 426
National People's Party NPP Centre-right Regionalism
Cultural conservatism
January 2013
(11 years ago)
 (January 2013)
Conrad Sangma
1 / 31
3 / 31
1 / 543
1 / 245
44 / 4,123
0 / 426

State parties

A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the five conditions listed below:[8]

  • A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least two seats in that state assembly.
  • A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least one seat in Lok Sabha.
  • A party should win at least three per cent of the total number of seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that state.
  • Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures eight per cent or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
57 recognised state parties[2][b]
Party Flag Election
symbol
Political
position
Ideology Founded Leader(s) State(s) Government in states/UTs Seats
Chief minister Alliance partner Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha State
assemblies
State
councils
State party in three or more states
All India Trinamool Congress Centre to centre-left Bengali nationalism
Progressivism
Welfarism
Secularism
Populism
1998 Mamata Banerjee Meghalaya
Tripura
West Bengal
1 / 31
0 / 31
23 / 543
13 / 245
228 / 4,123
0 / 426
Communist Party of India Left-wing Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-capitalism
Socialism
Secularism
1925 D. Raja Kerala
Manipur
Tamil Nadu
0 / 31
4 / 31
2 / 543
2 / 245
22 / 4,123
1 / 426
Janata Dal (Secular) Left-wing Secularism 1999 H. D. Deve Gowda Arunachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
0 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 543
1 / 245
21 / 4,123
8 / 426
Janata Dal (United) Centre-left Socialism[9]
Secularism[9]
Integral humanism
2003 Nitish Kumar Arunachal Pradesh
Bihar
Manipur
1 / 31
0 / 31
16 / 543
5 / 245
46 / 4,123
26 / 426
State party in two states
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Two Leaves Centre[10] to centre-left[11] Populism
Socialism
Secularism
Progressivism
Social equality
Tamil nationalism[12][13]
1972 Edappadi K. Palaniswami Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
3 / 245
62 / 4,123
0 / 426
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Centre-left to left-wing Social democracy[14]
Dravidianism
Marxism
Social justice[14]
Federalism
1949 M. K. Stalin Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
1 / 31
0 / 31
24 / 543
10 / 245
138 / 4,123
0 / 426
Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) Centre 2021 Chirag Paswan Bihar
Nagaland
0 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
2 / 4,123
0 / 426
Naga People's Front Regionalism 2002 Kuzholuzo Nienu Manipur
Nagaland
0 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
7 / 4,123
0 / 426
Nationalist Congress Party Centre Indian nationalism
Secularism
1999 Ajit Pawar Maharashtra
Nagaland
0 / 31
2 / 31
1 / 543
1 / 245
49 / 4,123
6 / 426
Rashtriya Janata Dal Centre-left to left-wing Socialism 1997 Lalu Prasad Yadav
Tejashwi Yadav
Bihar
Jharkhand
0 / 31
2 / 31
0 / 543
6 / 245
81 / 4,123
5 / 426
Telugu Desam Party Centre[15] to centre-right[16] Populism[17]
Economic liberalism[18]
1982 N. Chandrababu Naidu Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
0 / 31
0 / 31
3 / 543
1 / 245
23 / 4,123
15 / 426
State party in one state
All India Forward Bloc Left-wing Left-wing nationalism
Socialism
Anti-imperialism
Marxism[19]
1939 Debabrata Biswas West Bengal
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen kite Right-wing[20] Composite nationalism[21]
Minority rights[22]
Dalit Rights[23]
Constitutionalism[24]
1927 Asaduddin Owaisi Telangana
0 / 31
0 / 31
2 / 543
0 / 245
10 / 4,123
2 / 426
All India N.R. Congress Centre Social democracy
Populism
2011 N. Rangaswamy Puducherry
1 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
10 / 4,123
0 / 426
All India United Democratic Front 2005 Badruddin Ajmal Assam
0 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
15 / 4,123
0 / 426
All Jharkhand Students Union 1986 Sudesh Mahto Jharkhand
0 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
2 / 4,123
0 / 426
Apna Dal (Sonelal) Centre-right Kurmis Interest 2016 Anupriya Patel Uttar Pradesh
0 / 31
1 / 31
2 / 543
0 / 245
12 / 4,123
1 / 426
Asom Gana Parishad Centre-right Regionalism
Anti-Bengali sentiment
1985 Atul Bora Assam
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
1 / 245
9 / 4,123
0 / 426
Bharat Rashtra Samithi Centre[25] to centre-right Regionalism[26]
Populism[27]
Conservatism
Separatism
2001 K. Chandrashekar Rao Telangana
0 / 31
0 / 31
9 / 543
7 / 245
39 / 4,123
34 / 426
Biju Janata Dal Centre-left Regionalism[28]
Populism
Secularism[28]
Liberalism[29]
Economic nationalism[30]
1997 Naveen Patnaik Odisha
1 / 31
0 / 31
12 / 543
9 / 245
111 / 4,123
0 / 426
Bodoland People's Front Secularism
Democratic socialism[31]
2005 Hagrama Mohilary Assam
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
3 / 4,123
0 / 426
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Far-left Communism[32]
Marxism–Leninism
Maoism[32]
1974 Dipankar Bhattacharya Bihar
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
13 / 4,123
0 / 426
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Centre to centre-left Social welfare
Populism
Secularism
Social democracy
2005 Premallatha Vijayakant Tamil Nadu
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Goa Forward Party Regionalism 2016 Vijai Sardesai Goa
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
1 / 4,123
0 / 426
Hill State People's Democratic Party 1968 KP Pangniang Meghalaya
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
2 / 4,123
0 / 426
Indian National Lok Dal Centre Social liberalism
Regionalism
1996 Om Prakash Chautala Haryana
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
1 / 4,123
0 / 426
Indian Union Muslim League Centre-right[33] Muslim interests
Social conservatism
1948 Hyderali Shihab Thangal Kerala
0 / 31
0 / 31
3 / 543
1 / 245
15 / 4,123
0 / 426
Indigenous People's Front of Tripura Centre-right Regionalism
Ethnic nationalism
Anti-immigration
2009 N.C. Debbarma Tripura
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
1 / 4,123
0 / 426
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Kashmiriyat
Kashmiri autonomy
Secularism
1932 Farooq Abdullah Jammu and Kashmir
0 / 31
0 / 31
3 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party Democracy[34][35]
Anti-corruption[34][35]
Secularism[36]
Women's rights
1982 Bhim Singh Jammu and Kashmir
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Kashmiriyat
Kashmiri autonomy[37]
Regionalism
1999 Mehbooba Mufti Jammu and Kashmir
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Janta Congress Chhattisgarh Left-wing Social justice
Feminism
Direct democracy
Agrarianism
2016 Renu Jogi Chhattisgarh
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
2 / 4,123
0 / 426
Jannayak Janta Party Democratic socialism 2018 Dushyant Chautala Haryana
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
10 / 4,123
0 / 426
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1972 Shibu Soren
Hemant Soren
Jharkhand
1 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
2 / 245
30 / 4,123
0 / 426
Kerala Congress (M) Welfare[38]
Democratic socialism[39]
1979 Jose K. Mani Kerala
0 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 543
1 / 245
5 / 4,123
0 / 426
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Far-right Hindutva[40]
Right-wing populism[41]
Regionalism[42][43]
Ultranationalism[44][43]
Marathi interests[43]
2006 Raj Thackeray Maharashtra
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
1 / 4,123
0 / 426
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Centre Populism
Regionalism
1963 Deepak Dhavalikar Goa
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
2 / 4,123
0 / 426
Mizo National Front 1961 Zoramthanga Mizoram
0 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
1 / 245
10 / 4,123
0 / 426
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Right Regionalism 2017 Neiphiu Rio Nagaland
1 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
25 / 4,123
0 / 426
People's Party of Arunachal Regionalism 1977 Kamen Ringu Arunachal Pradesh
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party 2021 Pashupati Kumar Paras Bihar
0 / 31
0 / 31
5 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
1 / 426
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 2018 Hanuman Beniwal Rajasthan
0 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
3 / 4,123
0 / 426
Revolutionary Socialist Party Far-left Communism
Marxism–Leninism[45]
Revolutionary socialism
1940 Manoj Bhattacharya[46] Kerala
0 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Samajwadi Party Left-wing[47][48]}} Social democracy[49]
Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism[50]
Social conservatism
1992 Akhilesh Yadav Uttar Pradesh
0 / 31
0 / 31
3 / 543
3 / 245
112 / 4,123
9 / 426
Shiromani Akali Dal Centre-right Punjabiyat[51][52]
Conservatism[53]
Federalism[54][55]
1920 Sukhbir Singh Badal Punjab
0 / 31
0 / 31
2 / 543
0 / 245
3 / 4,123
0 / 426
Sikkim Democratic Front Centre-left
to left-wing
Democratic socialism 1993 Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
1 / 245
1 / 4,123
0 / 426
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Democratic socialism 2013 Prem Singh Tamang Sikkim
1 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 543
0 / 245
19 / 4,123
0 / 426
Shiv Sena Right-wing to Far-right Nationalism

Hindutva
Hindu Nationalism
Marathi
Regionalism
Social Conservatism
Conservatism
Ultranationalism
Economic Nationalism
Right-wing Populism

1966 Eknath Shinde Maharashtra
1 / 31
0 / 31
13 / 543
0 / 245
40 / 4,123
0 / 426
Shiv Sena (UBT) Centre-right to right-wing Secular Hindutva
Nationalism
Marathi Regionalism
Composite Nationalism
2022 Uddhav Thackeray Maharashtra
0 / 31
0 / 31
6 / 543
3 / 245
17 / 4,123
12 / 426
Tipra Motha Party Tripuri nationalism
Greater Tipraland
2019 Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma Tripura
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
13 / 4,123
0 / 426
United Democratic Party Regionalism
Populism
1997 Metbah Lyngdoh Meghalaya
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
11 / 4,123
0 / 426
United People's Party Liberal Centre Regionalism 2015 Urkhao Gwra Brahma Assam
0 / 31
1 / 31
0 / 543
1 / 245
7 / 4,123
0 / 426
Voice of the People Party Regionalism
Federalism
2021 Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit Meghalaya
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
4 / 4,123
0 / 426
YSR Congress Party Centre-left[56] Populism[17]
Regionalism
2011 Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy Andhra Pradesh
1 / 31
0 / 31
22 / 543
9 / 245
147 / 4,123
42 / 426
Zoram Nationalist Party Centre Regionalism 1997 H. Lalrinmawia Mizoram
0 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
0 / 4,123
0 / 426
Zoram People's Movement
Anti Hindutva-Nationalism
Secularism
Conservative Christianity
Christian right
2017 Lalduhoma Mizoram
1 / 31
0 / 31
0 / 543
0 / 245
27 / 4,123
0 / 426

Unrecognised parties

Notable registered unrecognised political parties (RUPPs)[7]
Party Founded Leader(s) States
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha 1915 Swami Chakrapani All-India
All India Hindustan Congress Party 2015 Buddh Prakash Sharma Gujarat
Rajasthan
All India Mahila Empowerment Party 2017 Nowhera Shaik Telangana
Karnataka
Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam 2018 T. T. V. Dhinakaran Tamil Nadu
Amra Bangali 1983 Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar West Bengal
Tripura
Azad Adhikar Sena 2022 Amitabh Thakur, Dr Nutan Thakur Uttar Pradesh
Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) 2020 Chanda Shekhar Azad Uttar Pradesh
Bahujan Mukti Party 2012 V. L. Matang Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh 1983 Sundar Shaekhar Maharashtra
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha 2007 Bimal Gurung West Bengal
Goa Suraksha Manch 2016 Subhash Velingkar Goa
Gondwana Ganatantra Party 1991 Hira Singh Markam Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Hindu Sena 2011 Vishnu Gupta New Delhi
Hindustani Awam Morcha[57] 2015 Jitan Ram Manjhi Bihar
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi 2010 T. R. Paarivendhar Tamil Nadu
Indian Gandhiyan Party 2012 Aashin U S Kerala
Indian Secular Front 2021 Nawsad Siddique West Bengal
Ittehad-e-Millat Council 2001 Tauqeer Raza Khan Uttar Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party 2020 Altaf Bukhari Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party 2020 Mir Junaid Jammu and Kashmir
Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)[58] 2015 Pappu Yadav Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Jan Shakti Party of India[59] 2015 Gurjeet Singh Azad Punjab
Jana Sena Party 2014 Pawan Kalyan Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) 2018 Raghuraj Pratap Singh Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka Rashtra Samithi 2019 Ravi Krishna Reddy Karnataka
Kerala Congress 1964 P. J. Joseph Kerala
Kerala Congress (B) 1989 R. Balakrishna Pillai Kerala
Kerala Congress (Jacob) 1991 Anoop Jacob Kerala
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 2013 E. R. Eswaran Tamil Nadu
Kongunadu Makkal Katchi 2000 A. M. Raja Tamil Nadu
Lok Satta Party 2006 Jaya Prakash Narayana Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Lok Insaaf Party 2019 Simarjit Singh Bains Punjab
Makkal Needhi Maiam 2018 Kamal Haasan Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Manipur Peoples Party 1968 Sovakiran N. Manipur
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi 2009 M. H. Jawahirullah Tamil Nadu
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1992 Vaiko Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Naam Tamilar Katchi 2009 Senthamizhan Seeman Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
NISHAD Party 2016 Sanjay Nishad Uttar Pradesh
Odisha Jan Morcha 2013 Pyarimohan Mohapatra Odisha
Param Digvijay Dal 2014 Krishna Mohan Shankar Yogi Uttar Pradesh
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1989 S. Ramadoss Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Peace Party of India 2008 Mohamed Ayub Uttar Pradesh
People's Democratic Alliance (Manipur) 2012 Bd. Behring Anal Manipur
People's Democratic Front 2001 Ajoy Biswas Tripura
Plurals Party 2020 Pushpam Priya Choudhary Bihar
Puthiya Tamilagam 1996 K. Krishnasamy Tamil Nadu
Raijor Dal 2020 Akhil Gogoi Assam
Rashtriya Jan Jan Party 2020 Ashutosh Kumar Bihar
Rashtriya Lok Dal 1996 Jayant Chaudhary Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Rashtriya Mahaswaraj Bhumi Party 2023 Shahid Siddiqui Maharashtra
Gujarat
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 2003 Mahadev Jankar Maharashtra
Kerala
Rashtriya Ulama Council 2008 Aamir Rashadi Madni Uttar Pradesh
Republican Party of India (Athawale) 1999 Ramdas Athawale Nagaland
Revolutionary Goans Party 2022 Viresh Borkar Goa
Right to Recall Party 2019 Rahul Chimanbhai Mehta All-India
Samata Party 1994 Uday Mandal[60] Bihar
Manipur[61]
Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) 1994 Simranjit Singh Mann Punjab
Social Democratic Party of India 2009 M.K. Faizy Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Socialist Party (India) 2011 Thampan Thomas Uttar Pradesh
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 1948 Provash Ghosh All-India
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party 2002 Om Prakash Rajbhar Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Swaraj Abhiyan 2016 Yogendra Yadav Haryana
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Tamil Maanila Congress 1996 G. K. Vasan Tamil Nadu
Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam 2024 Vijay Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai 2001 U. Thaniyarasu Tamil Nadu
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 1979 Kashi Singh Airy Uttarakhand
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi 2018 Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar Maharashtra
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 1982 Thol. Thirumavalavan Tamil Nadu
Vikassheel Insaan Party 2018 Mukesh Sahani Bihar
Welfare Party of India 2011 S. Q. R. Ilyas Kerala

Historical parties

Party flag Election symbol Ideology Founded Dissolved
Scheduled Castes Federation Social equality
Social justice
1942 1957
Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress 1945 1957
Socialist Party of India Socialism 1948 1952
Lok Sewak Sangh 1948 1971
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad Hindu nationalism 1948 1971
All India Ganatantra Parishad Liberalism
Agrarianism
1950 1962
Agrarianism
Socialism
1951 1952
Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party 1951 1954
Commonweal Party 1951 1954
People's Democratic Front Communism
Marxism–Leninism
1951 1958
Krishikar Lok Party 1951 1959
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party Regionalism 1951 1960
Bharatiya Jana Sangh Diya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party Hindu nationalism
National conservatism
1951 1977
Praja Socialist Party Socialism 1952 1972
Swatantra Party Liberal conservatism
Secularism
1959 1974
Samyukta Socialist Party Socialism 1964 1977
Bangla Congress 1967 1971
Bharatiya Kranti Dal 1967 1974
Utkal Congress 1969 1974
Indian National Congress (Organisation) 1969 1977
Pragati Legislature Party 1973 1974
Congress for Democracy 1977 1977
Janata Party (Secular) or Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party or Lok Dal Secularism 1979 (JPE-S),
1984 (DMKP),
1980, 1985 (LD)
1988
Indian Congress (Socialist) 1978 1986
Indian National Congress (U) 1979 1981
Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) 1981 1988
Jan Morcha 1987 1988
Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani 1988 1989
Janata Dal 1988 1999
Lok Shakti 1998 2003
Lok Janshakti Party Bungalow 2000 2021
Loktantrik Janata Dal 2018 2022

See also

Notes

  1. ^ If a party is recognised as a national or state party, its symbol is reserved for its exclusive use in the country or in the state.[1][2]
  2. ^ a b There were 57 state parties listed in publication issued by the Election Commission of India on 15 May 2023. However 2 out of 57 parties (Rashtriya Lok Samata Party[3] and People's Democratic Front[4]) have merged with other parties. Additionally, 2 parties (Revolutionary Goans Party[5] and Zoram People's Movement[6]) were recognised as state parties.

References

  1. ^ a b c "List of National Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "List of State Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  3. ^ "Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party merges with JD(U)". The Economic Times. 15 March 2021. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  4. ^ "PDF merges with ruling NPP in Meghalaya". The Economic Times. 7 May 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  5. ^ "RGP - State party". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  6. ^ "ZPM - State Party". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b "List of RUPPs" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  8. ^ a b "The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!". Daily News and Analysis. 10 April 2014.
  10. ^ "AIADMK". The Times of India. 16 March 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  11. ^ Ogden, Chris (20 June 2019). A Dictionary of Politics and International Relations in India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-253915-1. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Tamil: 'All India Anna Dravidian Progress Federation') A political party. It was established in 1972...
  12. ^ Price, P. (1996). Revolution and Rank in Tamil Nationalism. The Journal of Asian Studies, 55(2), 359-383. doi:10.2307/2943363
  13. ^ Pamela Price (1999) Relating to leadership in the Tamil nationalist movement: C.N. Annadurai in person‐centred propaganda, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 22:2, 149-174, doi:10.1080/00856409908723369
  14. ^ a b Kannan, Ramya (8 August 2018). "M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  15. ^ "Tumultuous transition". 27 May 2017.
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Further reading