Pill Priory
| Pill Priory, Tironensian Monastery (ruins) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Catholicism Benedictine |
| Region | Milford Haven, Wales |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Private |
| Location | |
| Location | Milford Haven, South Wales, United Kingdom |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Adam de la Roche |
| General contractor | Tironensian monks |
| Completed | Second half, 12th century |
| Specifications | |
| Height (max) | 10 metres (33 ft) |
| Materials | Old Red Sandstone, Carboniferous Limestone |
Pill Priory is a Tironian house founded near Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, South West Wales in the late 12th century.[1]
Pill Priory was founded as a daughter house of St Dogmaels Abbey (raised to Abbey status in 1120), near Cardigan, itself a priory of the Tironensian order of reformed Benedictine monks. The other daughter houses were Caldey (Caldey Island, Pembrokeshire, Wales) and Glascarrig, County Wexford in Ireland.
Pill Priory was established by the Roche family of the Barony and Roch Castle, Pembrokeshire and was founded within a few years of St Dogmaels. The founder was Adam de la Roche, a descendant of Godebert de Fleming.[2] E. M. Pritchard thought it to be around 1180–90,[3] while the Pembrokeshire antiquarian Richard Fenton considered the earlier date of 1160–70 to be possible.[4]
The priory was jointly dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to St Budoc, a dedication of it was the former chapel of St Budoc (now "St Botolph") which lay 1.3 km north-east of Pill Priory.
The community may always have been small; it was recorded as five monks in 1534 and four in 1536.[5]
The priory site and its environs, including five orchards, a wood and a meadow at Pill, the priory mill and several other possessions including St Budoc's and Steynton Church were demised by the crown to John Doune who, in 1544, confirmed the grant of his interest to John Wogan who in turn had been the lessee of the "Priory" in 1536–7.[6]
In 1536 St Dogmaels Abbey and its daughters at Pill and Caldey were dissolved in the suppression of those monastic houses with values of less than £200 and fell to the crown.[7] The Valor Ecclesiasticus recorded that Pill Priory was worth annually £67 15s. 3d. gross, £52 2S. 5d. net after charges.[8] The manor of Pill, including the priory site and associated holdings, was sold in June 1546 to the aspiring local landowners Roger Barlow of Slebech and his brother Thomas.
An account of Pill Priory by the Pembrokeshire antiquarian Richard Fenton, writing c. 1811, describes the priory ruins much as they survive today.[9]
The entire site remains in private hands. The free-standing remains of the priory church's chancel arch is now the most striking element of the site, and forms a garden feature, together with the remains of the south transept. The Pill Priory Cottage living quarters contain elements from the conventual buildings which were arranged around a more-or-less formalised cloister. The remains of all are constructed from Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone, both from local sources.
The chancel arch and south transept are designated as scheduled monuments by Cadw (the Welsh Government historic environment service). The living quarters are listed as Grade II*.
51°43′29″N 5°02′17″W / 51.724596°N 5.037942°W
References
- ^ For a full description and discussion, see Ludlow, N. D. (2002). "Pill Priory, 1996–1999: Recent Work at a Tironian House in Pembrokeshire". Medieval Archaeology. 46: 41–80. doi:10.1179/med.2002.46.1.41.
- ^ Pritchard, E. M. (1907). The History of St Dogmael's Abbey. London.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), in which much of the primary source material for the priory is assembled and introduced (esp. pp. 124–38). - ^ Pritchard 1907, p. 124.
- ^ R. Fenton. A Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire (London 1811), London 180.
- ^ Pritchard 1907, p. 139. It appears, moreover, that the sister house at Caldey was, periodically at least, occupied by a single monk (Haverfordwest Reference Library, Francis Green Collection, Vol. 12, 538, State papers).
- ^ E. A. Lewis and J. C. Davies (eds.), Records of the Court of Augmentation relating to Wales and Monmouthshire (Cardiff, 1954), pp. 166-7: Haverfordwest Reference Library, Francis Green Collection, Vol. 12, 576, State papers.
- ^ The prior, William Wall, had been a monk at Pill in 1502: Roberts, R. A., ed. (1917). Episcopal Registers of the Bishops of St Davids 1397–1518. Vol. 2. London. p. 73.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) He was granted a pension of £10 (Haverfordwest Reference Library, Francis Green Collection, Vol. I2, 538, State papers). - ^ Knowles and Hadcock, Medieval Religious Houses, Longmans, Green, 1953 op. cit. in note 6, 106.
- ^ Fenton 1811, pp. 179-81.
External links
- Official website
- Pill Priory. Coflein.gov.uk