Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

This is a list of nationwide public opinion polls that were conducted relating to the general election for the 2024 United States presidential election. The people named in the polls are declared candidates or have received media speculation about their possible candidacy.

Polling aggregations

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided ^[a]	Margin
RealClearPolitics	March 21 – April 7, 2024	April 18, 2024	44.2%	44.6%	11.4%	Trump +0.4
Race to the WH	through April 7, 2024	April 18, 2024	45.5%	45.4%	9.1%	Biden +0.1
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill	through April 16, 2024	April 18, 2024	44.7%	45.5%	9.8%	Trump +0.8
Average			44.8%	45.2%	10.0%	Trump +0.4

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Other/ Undecided ^[a]	Margin
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill	through April 16, 2024	April 17, 2024	41.6%	42.1%	7.0%	9.3%	Trump +0.5
Average			41.6%	42.1%	7.0%	9.3%	Trump +0.5

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Other/ Undecided ^[a]	Margin
Race to the WH	through April 16, 2024	April 17, 2024	40.9%	41.6%	9.0%	1.5%	7.0%	Trump +0.7
Average			40.9%	41.6%	9.0%	1.5%	7.0%	Trump +0.7

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided	Margin
RealClearPolitics	through April 16, 2024	April 17, 2024	40.4%	42.1%	9.3%	1.6%	1.5%	5.1%	Trump +1.7
Race to the WH	through April 16, 2024	April 17, 2024	40.8%	41.4%	9.0%	1.5%	1.2%	6.1%	Trump +0.6
Average			40.2%	41.8%	9.2%	1.6%	1.3%	5.6%	Trump +1.3

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided ^[a]	Margin
Race to the WH	through March 14, 2024	March 15, 2024	42.6%	48.1%	9.3%	Trump +5.5
RealClearPolitics	November 10, 2023 – February 14, 2024	March 15, 2024	42.7%	49.3%	8.0%	Trump +6.6
Average			42.7%	48.7%	8.6%	Trump +6.0

National poll results

Declared candidates

The following head-to-head polls feature individuals who have both officially declared their candidacies outside of exploratory committees and pending announcements.

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2024)

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Emerson College	April 16–17, 2024	1,308 (RV)	± 2.6%	49%	52%	–
Civiqs	April 13–16, 2024	1,161 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	45%	11%
Echelon Insights	April 12–14, 2024	1,020 (LV)	–	49%	46%	5%
NYT/Siena	April 7–11, 2024	1,059 (LV)	–	46%	47%	7%
ActiVote	March 24 – April 10, 2024	995 (LV)	± 3.1%	47%	53%	–
Reuters/Ipsos	April 3–8, 2024	833 (RV)	± 4.0%	41%	37%	22%
Morning Consult	April 5–7, 2024	6,236 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	44%	13%
I&I/TIPP	April 3–5, 2024	1,265 (RV)	–	43%	40%	17%
RMG Research	April 1–4, 2024	1,679 (LV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Emerson College	April 2–3, 2024	1,438 (RV)	–	45%	46%	8%
Rasmussen Reports	March 31 – April 2, 2024	1,099 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	49%	10%
Morning Consult	March 29–31, 2024	6,018 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	42%	14%
Data for Progress	March 27–29, 2024	1,200 (LV)	–	47%	46%	7%
NPR/PBS	March 25–28, 2024	1,199 (RV)	–	50%	48%	2%
Marquette Law School	March 18–28, 2024	674 (LV)	–	52%	48%	–
Forbes/HarrisX	March 25, 2024	1,010 (RV)	–	50%	50%	–
Fox News	March 22–25, 2024	1,094 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	50%	5%
Quinnipiac University	March 21–25, 2024	1,407 (RV)	–	48%	45%	7%
Morning Consult	March 22–24, 2024	5,833 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	43%	13%
ActiVote	March 8–22, 2024	1,001 (LV)	± 3.1%	47%	53%	–
HarrisX/Harris poll	March 20–21, 2024	2,111 (RV)	–	49%	51%	–
The Economist/YouGov	March 16–19, 2024	1,509 (RV)	± 3.4%	44%	43%	13%
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research	March 15–17, 2024	941 (LV)	–	47%	45%	8%
Morning Consult	March 15–17, 2024	5,777 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	43%	14%
Grinnell College	March 11–17, 2024	715 (LV)	± 3.7%	38%	45%	17%
Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square	March 11–15, 2024	2,510 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	46%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 9–14, 2024	1,000 (LV)	–	34%	38%	27%
Public Policy Polling (D)^[A]	March 12–13, 2024	837 (RV)	± 3.4%	46%	45%	9%
Reuters/Ipsos	March 7–13, 2024	3,356 (RV)	–	50%	48%	2%
The Economist/YouGov	March 10–12, 2024	1,367 (RV)	± 3.5%	42%	44%	14%
Civiqs	March 9–12, 2024	1,324 (RV)	–	45%	44%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo! News	March 8–11, 2024	1,482 (A)	± 2.8%	44%	46%	10%
Forbes/HarrisX	March 8–10, 2024	2,017 (RV)	± 2.2%	48%	52%	–
Morning Consult	March 8–10, 2024	6,300 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	44%	13%
Emerson College	March 5–6, 2024	1,350 (RV)	± 2.6%	51%	49%	–
Morning Consult	March 1–3, 2024	6,334 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	43%	13%
I&I/TIPP	February 28 – March 1, 2024	1,246 (RV)	–	43%	42%	15%
The Economist/YouGov	February 25–27, 2024	1,498 (RV)	± 3.2%	44%	44%	12%
The Economist/YouGov	February 18–20, 2024	1,360 (RV)	± 3.1%	42%	43%	15%
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1,421 (RV)	± 2.6%	49%	45%	6%
Marquette University	February 5–15, 2024	787 (RV)	± 4.4%	49%	51%	–
Emerson College	February 13–14, 2024	1,225 (RV)	± 2.7%	44%	45%	11%
The Economist/YouGov	February 11–13, 2024	1,470 (RV)	± 3.1%	44%	44%	12%
Reuters/Ipsos	February 9–12, 2024	1,237 (A)	± 2.9%	34%	37%	29%
YouGov	February 6–9, 2024	1,000 (A)	± 4.0%	44%	45%	10%
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research	February 2–3, 2024	917 (LV)	–	41%	44%	15%^[c]
NPR/PBS	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1,441 (RV)	–	48%	47%	5%
SurveyUSA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1,048 (LV)	± 3.7%	44%	49%	7%
The Economist/YouGov	January 28–30, 2024	1,486 (RV)	± 2.9%	43%	42%	15%
Civiqs	January 27–30, 2024	1,217 (RV)	–	44%	44%	12%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1,260 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	46%	9%
Quinnipiac	January 25–29, 2024	1,650 (RV)	± 2.4%	50%	44%	6%
Harvard-Harris	January 17–18, 2024	3,492 (RV)	–	47%	53%	–
The Messenger/HarrisX	January 16–17, 2024	1,045 (RV)	± 3.0%	48%	52%	–
The Economist/YouGov	January 14–16, 2024	1,472 (RV)	± 2.8%	44%	43%	13%
CBS News	January 10–12, 2024	1,906 (LV)	± 3.1%	48%	50%	2%
Rasmussen Reports	January 7–9, 2024	968 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	49%	10%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 3–9, 2024	4,677 (A)	± 1.5%	48%	48%	4%
Morning Consult	January 5–8, 2024	6,376 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
I&I/TIPP	January 3–5, 2024	1,247 (RV)	± 2.8%	40%	41%	19%
Noble Predictive Insights	January 2–4, 2024	2,573 (RV)	± 2.0%	40%	44%	16%
The Economist/YouGov	December 29, 2023 – January 2, 2024	1,343 (RV)	± 3.2%	44%	44%	12%

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2023)

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
ActiVote	December 13–19, 2023	841 (LV)	± 3.4%	46%	54%	–
McLaughlin & Associates	December 13–19, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	47%^[d]	10%
The Economist/YouGov	December 16–18, 2023	1,336 (RV)	± 3.2%	43%	43%	14%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 14–18, 2023	1,027 (RV)	–	44%	44%	12%
Quinnipiac University	December 14–18, 2023	1,647 (RV)	± 2.4%	47%	46%	6%
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1,012 (LV)	± 4.1%	48%	47%	5%
New York Times/Siena College	December 10–14, 2023	1,016 (LV)	± 3.7%	47%	45%	8%
New York Times/Siena College	December 10–14, 2023	1,016 (RV)	± 3.5%	44%	46%	9%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	50%	4%^[e]
The Economist/YouGov Poll	December 9–12, 2023	1,332 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	43%	14%
Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC	December 8–12, 2023	1,002 (A)	± 3.1%	42%	48%	10%
Clarity Campaign Labs	December 7–10, 2023	1,052 (RV)	± 1.81%	45%	45%	10%^[f]
Rasmussen Reports	December 6–10, 2023	892 (LV)	± 3.0%	38%	48%	14%^[g]
Cygnal (R)	December 5–7, 2023	2,000 (LV)	± 2.16%	47%	46%	7%
Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour	December 4–7, 2023	1,129 (RV)	± 3.7%	49%	48%	3%
Emerson College	December 4–6, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3%	43.2%	47.4%	9.4%
SSRS/CNN	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1,197 (RV)	± 3.4%	40%	50%	10%^[h]
The Economist/YouGov Poll	December 2–5, 2023	1,291 (RV)	± 3.1%	42%	41%	17%
HarrisX	November 22–28, 2023	4,003 (RV)	± 1.6%	42%	46%	13%
YouGov	November 20–27, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 4.1%	39%	37%	24%
Leger	November 24–26, 2023	869 (RV)	± 3.1%	44%	42%	14%
Morning Consult	November 24–26, 2023	6,527 (RV)	± 1%	43%	42%	16%
Emerson College	November 17–20, 2023	1,475 (RV)	± 2.5%	43%	47%	10%
Harris X/The Messenger	November 15–19, 2023	3,017 (RV)	± 1.8%	40%	47%	13%
Echelon Insights	November 14–17, 2023	1,006 (LV)	± 4.1%	46%	47%	8%
Reuters/Ipsos	November 13–14, 2023	1,006 (A)	± 3.8%	33%	35%	32%
YouGov/The Economist	November 11–14, 2023	1,272 (RV)	± 3.1%	42%	43%	15%
NBC News	November 10–14, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	44%	46%	10%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	50%	4%
YouGov/Yahoo! News	November 9–13, 2023	1,058 (RV)	± 2.8%	42%	44%	14%
Quinnipiac University	November 9–13, 2023	1,574 (RV)	± 2.5%	46%	48%	6%
Morning Consult	November 10–12, 2023	6,130 (RV)	± 1%	42%	43%	15%
Rasmussen Reports (R)	November 8–12, 2023	987 (LV)	± 3.0%	46%	42%	12%
I&I/TIPP	November 1–3, 2023	1,242 (RV)	± 2.8%	43%	41%	16%
CBS News/YouGov	October 30 – November 3, 2023	2,636 (A)	± 2.6%	48%	51%	1%
SSRS/CNN	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1,271 (RV)	± 3.1%	45%	49%	6%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2,021 (RV)	± 2.2%	43%	45%	12%
YouGov/The Economist	October 28–31, 2023	1,500 (A)	± 3.1%	39%	38%	23%
American Pulse Research & Polling	October 27–30, 2023	568 (LV)	± 4.1%	42%	43.5%	14.5%
Quinnipiac	October 26–30, 2023	1,610 (RV)	± 2.4%	47%	46%	7%
Morning Consult	October 20–22, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1%	43%	43%	15%
USA Today/Suffolk University	October 17–20, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	41%	41%	18%
Harvard Harris	October 18–19, 2023	2,116 (RV)	± 2%	41%	46%	14%
Emerson College	October 16–17, 2023	1,578 (RV)	± 2.4%	45%	47%	8%
Yahoo/YouGov	October 12–16, 2023	1,120 (RV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC	October 11–15, 2023	1,001 (A)	± 3.1%	42%	46%	12%
Grinnell College	October 10–15, 2023	784 (LV)	± 3.5%	40%	40%	20%
NPR/PBS/Marist College	October 11, 2023	1,218 (RV)	± 3.9%	49%	46%	5%
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	49%	48%	2%
SurveyUSA	September 30 – October 3, 2023	2,330 (LV)	± 2.4%	43%	43%	14%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	1,011 (LV)	± 4.0%	43%	46%	11%
YouGov/The Economist	September 23–26, 2023	1,500 (RV)	± 3.3%	45%	40%	15%
Marquette University	September 18–25, 2023	781 (RV)	± 4.4%	48%	51%	–
Morning Consult	September 22–24, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	14%
NBC News	September 15–19, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	46%	46%	6%
Harvard/Harris^[B]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	40%	44%	16%
The Economist/YouGov	September 10–12, 2023	1,500 (A)	± 3.3%	44%	43%	12%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	48%	1%
Morning Consult	September 2–4, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	46%	47%	7%
YouGov/Yahoo News	August 17–21, 2023	1,113	± 2.7%	47%	41%	12%
Morning Consult	August 18–20, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Marist College	August 11–14, 2023	1,100 (RV)	± 3.7%	47%	46%	7%
Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square	July 31 – August 3, 2023	2,500 (RV)	± 2.4%	44%	41%	15%
Big Village	July 24–26, 2023	1,663 (RV)	± 2.2%	44%	44%	12%
Quinnipiac University	July 13–17, 2023	1,809 (RV)	± 2.3%	49%	44%	7%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 13–17, 2023	1,098	± 2.7%	47%	43%	10%
Marquette University	July 7–12, 2023	788 (RV)	± 4.2%	50%	50%	–
Morning Consult	July 7–9, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	43%	13%
HarrisX/The Messenger	July 5–6, 2023	915 (RV)	± 3.2%	44%	44%	12%
Morning Consult	June 23–25, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	41%	44%	15%
HarrisX/The Messenger	June 19–23, 2023	2,875 (RV)	± 1.8%	43%	45%	12%
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	43%	13%
NBC News	June 16–20, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	49%	45%	6%
Quinnipiac University	June 8–12, 2023	1,735 (RV)	± 2.4%	48%	44%	8%
Morning Consult	June 9–11, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	42%	16%
YouGov	May 25–30, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 2.7%	48%	41%	11%
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1,035 (LV)	–	46%	44%	10%
Quinnipiac University	May 18–22, 2023	1,616 (RV)	–	48%	46%	6%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	40%	47%	13%
Marquette University	May 8–18, 2023	791 (RV)	± 4.1%	47%	52%	–
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2023	1,117 (LV)	–	44%	43%	13%
YouGov/The Economist	May 13–16, 2023	1,302 (RV)	± 2.8%	42%	44%	14%
Premise	May 12–15, 2023	1,591 (RV)	–	41%	44%	15%
Morning Consult	May 12–14, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
WPA Intelligence	May 10–13, 2023	1,571 (RV)	± 2.5%	47%	40%	13%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 5–8, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	43%	12%
Morning Consult	May 5–7, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
ABC News/The Washington Post	April 28 – May 5, 2023	900 (RV)	± 4.0%	39%	45%	16%
YouGov/The Economist	April 29 – May 2, 2023	1,357 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	46%	8%
Emerson College	April 24–25, 2023	1,100 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Morning Consult	April 21–23, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Cygnal	April 18–20, 2023	2,500 (LV)	± 1.94%	46%	45%	9%
Harvard/Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	40%	45%	15%
YouGov/The Economist	April 15–18, 2023	1,316 (RV)	–	43%	44%	13%
Premise	April 14–17, 2023	1,485 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
YouGov/Yahoo News	April 14–17, 2023	1,027 (RV)	–	46%	42%	12%
Morning Consult	April 14–16, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
YouGov/The Economist	April 8–11, 2023	1,322 (RV)	± 2.9%	43%	44%	13%
Morning Consult	April 7–9, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	April 4, 2023	1,180 (LV)	–	44%	43%	13%
YouGov	April 1–4, 2023	1,319 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	44%	14%
Premise	March 31 – April 3, 2023	1,562 (RV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Rasmussen Reports	March 30 – April 3, 2023	971 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	47%	13%
Morning Consult	March 31 – April 2, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
McLaughlin & Associates (R)^[C]	March 31 – April 1, 2023	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	43%	47%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 30–31, 2023	729 (RV)	± 3.3%	45%	43%	12%
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	1,007 (LV)	± 3.8%	47%	44%	9%
Cygnal	March 26–27, 2023	2,550 (LV)	± 1.9%	47%	45%	8%
Quinnipiac University	March 23–27, 2023	1,600 (RV)	± 2.5%	48%	46%	6%
Morning Consult	March 24–26, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	41%	45%	14%
Marquette University	March 12–22, 2023	863 (RV)	± 4.0%	38%	38%	24%
Premise	March 16–21, 2023	1,509 (RV)	–	41%	47%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2023	1,250 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 16–20, 2023	1,059 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	43%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 16–20, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	48%	9%
Morning Consult	March 17–19, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
Quinnipiac University	March 9–13, 2023	1,635 (RV)	± 2.4%	49%	45%	6%
Morning Consult	March 10–12, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 7–8, 2023	1,201 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	1,621 (RV)	–	44%	45%	11%
Morning Consult	March 3–5, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	43%	15%
Cygnal	February 24–27, 2023	2,424 (LV)	± 2.0%	47%	45%	8%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	1,014 (RV)	± 2.7%	43%	45%	12%
Susquehanna	February 19–26, 2023	800 (RV)	–	52%	39%	–
Emerson College	February 24–25, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.9%	42%	46%	12%
Morning Consult	February 23–25, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	1,023 (LV)	–	47%	44%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	48%	8%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	February 19, 2023	1,102 (LV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Morning Consult	February 17–19, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
Premise	February 16–19, 2023	1,717 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
Morning Consult	February 16–19, 2023	2,000 (RV)	± 1.5%	42%	41%	17%
Harvard/Harris	February 15–16, 2023	1,838 (RV)	–	41%	46%	13%
Quinnipac University	February 9–14, 2023	1,429 (RV)	± 2.6%	48%	46%	6%
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	39%	42%	19%
Morning Consult	February 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Rasmussen Reports	February 8–12, 2023	900 (LV)	± 3.0%	45%	42%	13%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	49%	45%	6%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 2–6, 2023	1,063 (RV)	± 2.8%	47%	41%	12%
Morning Consult	February 3–5, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
ABC News/The Washington Post	January 27 – February 1, 2023	895 (RV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 28–29, 2023	1,139 (LV)	–	39%	41%	20%
Morning Consult	January 27–29, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	1,024 (LV)	± 3.9%	45%	42%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	48%	9%
Morning Consult	January 20–22, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
Emerson College	January 19–21, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 2.5%	41%	44%	15%
Cygnal	January 19–20, 2023	2,529 (LV)	± 2.0%	47%	44%	9%
Marquette University	January 9–20, 2023	790 (RV)	± 4.0%	40%	40%	20%
Harvard/Harris	January 18–19, 2023	2,050 (RV)	–	41%	46%	13%
YouGov/The Economist	January 14–17, 2023	1,314 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	42%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 16, 2023	1,458 (LV)	–	39%	41%	20%
YouGov/YahooNews	January 12–16, 2023	1,028 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	40%	14%
Morning Consult	January 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
Morning Consult	January 6–8, 2023	7,500 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
WPA Intelligence	January 2–8, 2023	1,035 (LV)	± 3.0%	49%	41%	10%

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2022)

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023	8,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	40%	16%
Data for Progress	December 22–29, 2022	1,189 (LV)	± 3.0%	47%	45%	8%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 15–19, 2022	1,041 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	41%	14%
Morning Consult	December 16–18, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Harvard/Harris	December 14–15, 2022	1,851 (RV)	–	40%	45%	15%
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	1,021 (LV)	± 3.7%	46%	44%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Morning Consult	December 9–11, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Suffolk University	December 7–11, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	47%	40%	13%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	December 3–7, 2022	1,500 (RV)	± 2.5%	45%	43%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2022	1,162 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 1–5, 2022	1,204 (RV)	± 2.6%	45%	42%	13%
Marquette University	November 15–22, 2022	840 (RV)	± 4.0%	44%	34%	22%
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	1,380 (RV)	± 2.5%	45%	41%	14%
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	1,036 (LV)	± 3.8%	42%	45%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 17, 2022	1,203 (LV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	November 16–17, 2022	2,212 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
Léger	November 11–13, 2022	1,007 (A)	–	36%	33%	31%
Rasmussen Reports	November 8–9, 2022	1,767 (LV)	± 2.0%	44%	47%	9%
Democracy Corps/GQR	November 6–8, 2022	1,000 (RV)	–	46%	48%	6%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	43%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 2, 2022	1,084 (LV)	–	39%	44%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 27–31, 2022	1,172 (RV)	± 2.7%	48%	42%	10%
Benenson Strategy Group	October 27–30, 2022	1,000 (V)	± 3.1%	45%	43%	12%
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	1,014 (LV)	± 3.8%	45%	46%	9%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	October 22–26, 2022	1,500 (RV)	–	46%	46%	8%
Suffolk University	October 19–24, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	46%	42%	12%
Emerson College	October 18–19, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	40%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 13–17, 2022	1,209 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	44%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	50%	6%
Rasmussen Reports	October 12–13, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	44%	16%
Harvard/Harris	October 12–13, 2022	2,010 (RV)	–	43%	45%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 12, 2022	1,110 (LV)	–	40%	41%	19%
Siena College/The New York Times	October 9–12, 2022	792 (LV)	–	44%	45%	11%
John Zogby Strategies	October 5, 2022	1,006 (LV)	± 3.2%	45%	41%	14%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 2–3, 2022	1,128 (LV)	–	43%	41%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	September 23–27, 2022	1,138 (RV)	± 2.7%	47%	45%	8%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%
Emerson College	September 20–21, 2022	1,368 (LV)	± 2.6%	45%	44%	11%
ABC News/The Washington Post	September 18–21, 2022	908 (RV)	± 3.5%	46%	48%	6%
Premise	September 16–19, 2022	1,703 (A)	–	51%	49%	–
Echelon Insights	September 16–19, 2022	1,056 (LV)	± 3.8%	47%	44%	9%
Refield & Wilton Strategies	September 14–15, 2022	1,163 (LV)	–	43%	40%	17%
Marquette University	September 6–14, 2022	1,282 (RV)	± 3.6%	42%	36%	22%
Siena College/The New York Times	September 6–14, 2022	1,399 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Harvard/Harris	September 7–8, 2022	1,854 (RV)	–	42%	45%	13%
Echelon Insights	August 31 – September 7, 2022	1,228 (LV)	± 3.5%	46%	45%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	September 2–6, 2022	1,247 (RV)	± 2.6%	48%	42%	10%
Premise	September 2–5, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	51%	49%	–
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	August 28, 2022	1,050 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	August 17–25, 2022	1,313 (RV)	–	50%	44%	6%
Emerson College	August 23–24, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	42%	15%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	47%	42%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	August 18–22, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	46%	42%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	August 17, 2022	1,156 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 28 – August 1, 2022	1,152 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 29, 2022	1,094 (LV)	–	35%	42%	23%
Harvard/Harris	July 27–28, 2022	1,885 (RV)	–	41%	45%	14%
Rasmussen Reports	July 26–27, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	46%	14%
Suffolk University	July 22–25, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	45%	41%	14%
Emerson College	July 19–20, 2022	1,078 (RV)	± 2.9%	43%	46%	11%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	1,022 (LV)	–	46%	44%	10%
The Trafalgar Group (R)	July 11–14, 2022	1,085 (LV)	± 2.9%	43%	48%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 8–11, 2022	1,261 (RV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 9, 2022	1,078 (LV)	–	41%	43%	16%
The New York Times/Siena College	July 5–7, 2022	849 (RV)	± 4.1%	44%	41%	14%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–29, 2022	1,308 (RV)	–	40%	43%	17%
Emerson College	June 28–29, 2022	1,271 (RV)	± 2.7%	39%	44%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	46%	43%	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Echelon Insights	June 17–20, 2022	1,030 (LV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	June 15, 2022	1,064 (LV)	–	38%	41%	21%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 10–13, 2022	1,243 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 30, 2022	1,173 (LV)	–	38%	42%	20%
Emerson College	May 24–25, 2022	1,148 (RV)	± 2.8%	42%	44%	14%
Echelon Insights	May 20–23, 2022	1,020 (LV)	–	45%	44%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 19–22, 2022	1,360 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	1,963 (RV)	–	42%	45%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2022	1,120 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Rasmussen Reports	April 28 – May 2, 2022	1,004 (LV)	± 3.0%	36%	50%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 1, 2022	1,096 (LV)	–	40%	44%	16%
Emerson College	April 25–26, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	43%	15%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	50%	7%
Morning Consult	April 22–25, 2022	2,004 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	44%	11%
InsiderAdvantage (R)	April 21–23, 2022	750 (RV)	± 3.6%	43%	47%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	April 19–22, 2022	1,187 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	1,966 (RV)	–	43%	45%	12%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	1,001 (LV)	–	45%	44%	11%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 18, 2022	1,500 (LV)	–	41%	43%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 31 – April 4, 2022	1,233 (RV)	–	45%	40%	15%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 3, 2022	1,205 (LV)	–	38%	43%	19%
Marquette Law School	March 14–24, 2022	1,004 (A)	± 4.0%	41%	37%	22%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	1,990 (RV)	–	41%	47%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	49%	5%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	1,050 (RV)	–	46%	44%	10%
University of Massachusetts Lowell	March 15–21, 2022	873 (RV)	± 3.7%	44%	42%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2022	1,193 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
Emerson College	March 18–20, 2022	1,023 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	45%	13%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 10–14, 2022	1,225 (RV)	–	47%	39%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 8, 2022	1,194 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Wall Street Journal	March 2–7, 2022	1,500 (RV)	–	45%	45%	9%
Schoen Cooperman Research	March 2–6, 2022	800 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 24–27, 2022	1,532 (A)	± 2.9%	40%	39%	21%
NewsNation	February 23–24, 2022	1,046 (RV)	–	37%	41%	22%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	2,026 (RV)	–	42%	48%	10%
Echelon Insights	February 19–23, 2022	1,078 (RV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 23, 2022	1,367 (LV)	–	42%	38%	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Emerson College	February 19–20, 2022	1,138 (RV)	± 2.8%	44%	48%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 6, 2022	1,406 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	January 20–24, 2022	1,568 (A)	± 2.8%	42%	40%	18%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	44%	11%
Echelon Insights	January 21–23, 2022	1,098 (RV)	–	47%	43%	10%
Marquette Law School Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine^[i]	January 10–21, 2022	1,000 (A)	–	43%	33%	24%
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1,815 (RV)	–	40%	46%	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	January 8–9, 2022	1,430 (LV)	–	39%	38%	23%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	January 6, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	45%	44%	11%
Rasmussen Reports	January 5, 2022	1,015 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	46%	14%

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2021)

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
InsiderAdvantage (R)	December 17–19, 2021	750 (RV)	± 3.6%	41%	49%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	December 18, 2021	1,411 (LV)	–	34%	39%	27%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 9–13, 2021	1,558 (A)	–	47%	41%	12%
Echelon Insights	December 9–13, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	47%	44%	9%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2021	1,387 (LV)	–	38%	42%	20%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Rasmussen Reports	November 22–23, 2021	1,200 (LV)	± 3.0%	32%	45%	23%
Wall Street Journal	November 16–22, 2021	1,500 (RV)	–	46%	45%	10%
Echelon Insights^{[permanent dead link]}	November 12–18, 2021	1,013 (RV)	–	45%	45%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 11–16, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	November 15, 2021	1,500 (RV)	–	35%	41%	24%
Marquette Law School Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine^[j]	November 1–10, 2021	1,004 (A)	–	42%	34%	24%
YouGov/Yahoo News	November 4–8, 2021	1,673 (A)	–	43%	39%	18%
Suffolk University	November 3–5, 2021	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	40%	44%	16%
Emerson College	November 3–4, 2021	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	45%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 31, 2021	1,387 (LV)	–	42%	42%	16%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	1,578 (LV)	–	45%	46%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 19–21, 2021	1,704 (A)	–	43%	40%	17%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	48%	42%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 17, 2021	1,366 (LV)	–	42%	40%	18%
Selzer and Company/Grinnell College	October 13–17, 2021	745 (LV)	± 3.6%	40%	40%	19%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 4–6, 2021	1,345 (LV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Echelon Insights	September 17–23, 2021	1,005 (RV)	–	50%	39%	11%
Rasmussen Reports	September 21–22, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	51%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	September 19–20, 2021	1,330 (LV)	–	42%	40%	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	47%	50%	3%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	September 4–5, 2021	1,357 (LV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	1,200 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	47%	7%
Rasmussen Reports	August 16–17, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	37%	43%	20%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 30 – August 2, 2021	1,552 (A)	–	47%	37%	16%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	July 8, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	43%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 22–24, 2021	1,592 (A)	–	47%	35%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 24–26, 2021	1,588 (A)	–	46%	36%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 11–13, 2021	1,561 (A)	–	48%	36%	16%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 12–16, 2021	1,106 (A)	–	45%	28%	27%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	April 3–7, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	42%	12%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Chase Oliver vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Chase Oliver Libertarian	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided
Data for Progress (D)	March 27–29, 2024	1,200 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	42%	8%	1%	1%	1%	6%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided
Emerson College	April 16–17, 2024	1,308 (RV)	± 2.6%	40%	44%	8%	1%	0%	7%
The Economist/YouGov	April 14–16, 2024	1,358 (RV)	± 3.1%	44%	44%	3%	1%	0%	8%
NY Times/Siena	April 7–11, 2024	1,059 (LV)	± 3.5%	42%	43%	2%	1%	1%	12%
The Economist/YouGov	April 6–9, 2024	1,583 (RV)	± 2.9%	42%	43%	3%	1%	0%	12%
I&I\TIPP	April 3–5, 2024	1,265 (RV)	± 2.8%	38%	38%	11%	2%	1%	11%
Emerson College	April 2–3, 2024	1,438 (RV)	± 2.5%	42%	43%	8%	1%	1%	6%
The Economist/YouGov	March 30 – April 2, 2024	1,604 (RV)	± 3.1%	43%	43%	2%	1%	0%	9%
Trafalgar Group (R)	March 29–31, 2024	1,092 (LV)	± 2.9%	40%	43%	11%	2%	1%	3%
NPR/PBS	March 25–28, 2024	1,199 (LV)	–	43%	41%	11%	1%	2%	2%
Quinnipiac University	March 21–25, 2024	1,407 (RV)	–	38%	39%	13%	3%	4%	3%
The Economist/YouGov	March 16–19, 2024	1,510 (RV)	–	44%	43%	2%	1%	0%	10%
Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square	March 11–15, 2024	2,510 (RV)	± 2.0%	40%	43%	7%	1%	1%	7%
Emerson College	March 5–6, 2024	1,350 (RV)	± 2.6%	42%	43%	6%	2%	1%	7%
Quinnipiac University	February 15–19, 2024	1,421 (RV)	± 2.6%	38%	37%	15%	3%	3%	3%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1,260 (RV)	± 2.7%	39%	41%	5%	1%	1%	13%
Quinnipiac University	January 25–29, 2024	1,650 (RV)	–	39%	37%	14%	3%	2%	5%
Quinnipiac University	December 14–18, 2023	1,647 (RV)	± 2.4%	36%	38%	16%	3%	3%	5%^[k]
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	37%	41%	14%	3%	2%	4%^[l]
Emerson College	December 4–6, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3%	37%	43%	7%	1%	1%	12%
Emerson College	November 17–20, 2023	1,475 (RV)	± 2.5%	36%	42%	7%	1%	1%	13%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	35%	41%	15%	3%	3%	3%
Quinnipiac University	November 9–13, 2023	1,574 (RV)	± 2.5%	35%	38%	17%	3%	3%	4%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Other/ Undecided
ActiVote	March 24 – April 10, 2024	995 (LV)	± 3.1%	41%	44%	15%	–
Ipsos	March 7–13, 2024	3,356 (RV)	–	43%	38%	12%	7%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 3–9, 2024	4,677 (RV)	± 1.5%	29%	30%	18%	23%
Quinnipiac University	December 14–18, 2023	1,647 (RV)	± 2.4%	38%	36%	22%	4%
Rasmussen Reports	December 6–7 & 10, 2023	892 (LV)	± 3.0%	32%	40%	16%	12%^[m]
Cygnal (R)	December 5–7, 2023	2,000 (LV)	± 2.16%	42%	43%	9%	6%
Harvard/Harris	November 15–16, 2023	2,851 (RV)	–	36%	44%	21%	0%
Reuters/Ipsos	November 13–14, 2023	1,006 (RV)	± 3.8%	30%	32%	20%	18%
Quinnipiac University	November 9–13, 2023	1,574 (RV)	± 2.5%	37%	38%	21%	4%
Rasmussen Reports	November 8–12, 2023	987 (LV)	± 3.0%	38%	39%	12%	11%
Sienna College	October 22 – November 3, 2023	3,662 (RV)	± 1.8%	33%	35%	24%	8%
Cygnal (R)	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2,000 (LV)	± 2.2%	40%	39%	12%	8%
American Pulse Research & Polling	October 27–30, 2023	568 (LV)	± 4.1%	39%	39%	11%	11%
Quinnipiac University	October 26–30, 2023	1,610 (RV)	± 2.4%	39%	36%	22%	3%
Redfield & Wilton	October 29, 2023	1,500 (LV)	± 2.0%	38%	40%	10%	12%
Susquehanna	October 17–27, 2023	1,000 (LV)	± 3.2%	47%	40%	6%	7%
McLaughlin and Associates	October 23–26, 2023	449 (LV)	± 3.1%	37%	39%	14%	11%
USA Today/Suffolk University	October 17–20, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	38%	37%	14%	11%
Harvard Harris	October 18–19, 2023	2,103 (RV)	± 2%	36%	42%	22%	-
Yahoo News/YouGov	October 10–16, 2023	1,123 (RV)	± 2.7%	40%	39%	9%	12%
NPR/PBS/Marist	October 11, 2023	1,218 (RV)	± 3.9%	44%	37%	16%	3%
	October 9, 2023	Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	41%	41%	16%	2%
Cygnal (R)	October 3–5, 2023	2,000 (A)	± 2.16%	39%	40%	12%	9%
Reuters/Ipsos	October 3–4, 2023	1,005 (A)	± 4.0%	31%	33%	14%	22%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	1,011 (LV)	± 4.0%	36%	40%	14%	10%
American Values	September 24, 2023	1,008	±3.2%	38%	38%	19%	5%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Cornel West Independent	Other/ Undecided
The Wall Street Journal	August 24–30, 2023	1,500 (RV)	–	39%	40%	2%	19%
Emerson College	August 25–26, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	39%	44%	4%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	41%	42%	6%	11%
Emerson College	August 16–17, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	41%	42%	5%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	40%	42%	5%	13%
Echelon Insights	June 26–29, 2023	1,020 (LV)	± 3.9%	42%	43%	4%	11%
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 3.0%	40%	41%	6%	13%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Other/ Undecided
Big Village	March 29–31, 2024	1,425 (LV)	± 3.4%	42%	40%	8%	2%	8%
SSRS/CNN	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1,197 (RV)	± 3.4%	31%	39%	20%	6%	4%^[n]
HarrisX	November 22–28, 2023	4,003 (RV)	–	33%	41%	13%	2%	11%
HarrisX/The Messenger	November 15–19, 2023	3,017 (LV)	± 1.8%	33%	40%	14%	2%	11%
Big Village	October 30 – November 5, 2023	1,497 (LV)	± 2.2%	37.1%	40.1%	12.4%	1.7%	8.7%
CNN/SSRS	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1,271 (RV)	± 3.1%	35%	41%	16%	4%	3%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2,021 (RV)	± 2.2%	36%	41%	11%	2%	10%
Quinnipiac University	October 26–30, 2023	1,610 (RV)	± 2.4%	36%	35%	19%	6%	4%
McLaughlin and Associates (R)	October 23–26, 2023	449 (LV)	± 3.1%	35%	38%	12%	2%	13%
Harris X/The Messenger	October 16–23, 2023	3,029 (RV)	± 1.8%	35%	38%	13%	2%	12%
USA Today/Suffolk University	October 17–20, 2023	1,000 (RV)	±3.1%	37%	37%	13%	4%	9%
Harvard/Harris X	October 18–19, 2023	2,116 (RV)	±2%	31%	39%	18%	3%	9%
Zogby Analytics	October 13–15, 2023	869 (LV)	±3.3%	41.2%	42.6%	12.5%	3.7%	–
	October 9, 2023	Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
	October 5, 2023	West announces he will run as an independent candidate

Potential candidates

The following nationwide polls feature at least one individual who is not a candidate for president, nor have they declined the possibility of a future campaign.

Joe Biden vs. Liz Cheney

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Liz Cheney Republican	Other/ Undecided
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	1,380 (RV)	± 2.5%	37%	19%	44%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	32%	25%	43%
Premise	September 2–5, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	42%	58%	–

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Liz Cheney as an independent

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Liz Cheney Independent	Other/ Undecided
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	32%	39%	15%	14%
Premise	September 2–5, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	37%	42%	21%	–
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	38%	41%	12%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	August 18–22, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	32%	40%	11%	17%

Hypothetical polling

The following nationwide polls feature at least one individual who has publicly denied interest in running for president or has withdrawn from the race, as well as unnamed "generic" candidates.

Hypothetical polling

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Mark Cuban vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Cornel West

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Mark Cuban Independent	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Jill Stein Green	Cornel West Independent	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1,012 (LV)	± 4.1%	36%	41%	4%	9%	1%	1%	8%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Andrew Yang Forward	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	43%	39%	8%	10%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	44%	40%	5%	11%

Joe Biden vs. Chris Christie

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Chris Christie Republican	Other/ Undecided
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	41%	17%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	42%	44%	14%
The Guardian	July 11–19, 2023	1,104 (RV)	± 1.5%	43%	47%	10%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	39%	30%	31%

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1,012 (LV)	± 4.1%	46%	45%	9%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	47%	47%	5%^[o]
Clarity Campaign Labs	December 7–10, 2023	1,052 (RV)	± 1.81%	45%	39%	16%^[p]
SSRS/CNN	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1,197 (RV)	± 3.4%	42%	49%	9%^[q]
YouGov	November 20–27, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 4.1%	38%	35%	27%
Echelon Insights	November 14–17, 2023	1,006 (LV)	± 4.1%	45%	43%	12%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	50%	5%
SSRS/CNN	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1,271 (RV)	± 3.1%	46%	48%	6%
Morning Consult	October 20–22, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1%	43%	38%	19%
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	47%	49%	3%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	1,011 (LV)	± 4.0%	42%	41%	17%
NBC News	September 15–19, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	46%	45%	6%
Harvard/Harris^[D]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	42%	38%	20%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	47%	44%	6%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	47%	47%	6%
Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square	July 31 – August 3, 2023	2,500 (RV)	± 2.4%	43%	41%	16%
Big Village	July 24–26, 2023	1,663 (RV)	± 2.2%	43%	38%	19%
Marquette University	July 7–12, 2023	788 (RV)	± 4.2%	48%	51%	–
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	37%	21%
NBC News	June 16–20, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	47%	47%	6%
The Hill	June 14–15, 2023	2,090 (RV)	–	40%	41%	19%
Morning Consult	June 9–11, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1%	43%	39%	18%
YouGov	May 25–30, 2023	1,011 (RV)	–	46%	40%	14%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	42%	42%	16%
Marquette University	May 8–18, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 3.7%	37%	38%	25%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2023	1,117 (LV)	–	47%	33%	20%
YouGov/The Economist	May 13–16, 2023	1,302 (RV)	± 2.8%	41%	41%	18%
Premise	May 12–15, 2023	1,591 (RV)	–	39%	36%	25%
Morning Consult	May 12–14, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 5–8, 2023	1,057 (RV)	–	45%	42%	15%
Morning Consult	May 5–7, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	44%	40%	16%
Emerson College	April 24–25, 2023	1,100 (RV)	–	43%	37%	20%
Morning Consult	April 21–23, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	44%	40%	16%
Harvard/Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	40%	43%	17%
Premise	April 14–17, 2023	1,485 (RV)	–	40%	37%	23%
YouGov/Yahoo News	April 14–17, 2023	1,027 (RV)	–	45%	41%	14%
Morning Consult	April 14–16, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
Morning Consult	April 7–9, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	April 4, 2023	1,180 (LV)	–	45%	36%	19%
Premise	March 31 – April 3, 2023	1,562 (RV)	–	38%	38%	24%
Rasmussen Reports	March 30 – April 3, 2023	971 (LV)	± 3.0%	38%	46%	16%
Morning Consult	March 31 – April 2, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	40%	18%
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	1,007 (LV)	± 3.8%	45%	42%	13%
Cygnal	March 26–27, 2023	2,550 (LV)	± 1.9%	45%	45%	10%
Quinnipiac University	March 23–27, 2023	1,600 (RV)	± 2.5%	46%	48%	6%
Morning Consult	March 24–26, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	41%	44%	15%
Marquette University	March 12–22, 2023	863 (RV)	± 4.0%	41%	42%	17%
Premise	March 16–21, 2023	1,509 (RV)	–	38%	39%	23%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2023	1,250 (LV)	–	45%	38%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 16–20, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.7%	43%	43%	14%
Morning Consult	March 17–19, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Quinnipiac University	March 9–13, 2023	1,635 (RV)	± 2.4%	47%	46%	7%
Morning Consult	March 10–12, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	41%	44%	15%
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	1,621 (RV)	–	39%	39%	22%
Morning Consult	March 3–5, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	40%	16%
Cygnal	February 24–27, 2023	2,424 (LV)	± 2.0%	46%	45%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	1,014 (RV)	± 2.7%	42%	44%	14%
Emerson College	February 24–25, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.9%	44%	40%	16%
Morning Consult	February 23–25, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	42%	41%	17%
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	1,023 (LV)	–	44%	47%	9%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	February 19, 2023	1,102 (LV)	–	43%	34%	23%
Morning Consult	February 17–19, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	41%	42%	17%
Premise	February 16–19, 2023	1,717 (RV)	–	42%	37%	21%
Harvard/Harris	February 15–16, 2023	1,838 (RV)	–	41%	42%	17%
Quinnipac University	February 9–14, 2023	1,429 (RV)	± 2.6%	46%	47%	7%
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	38%	41%	21%
Morning Consult	February 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	47%	44%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 2–6, 2023	1,063 (RV)	± 2.8%	43%	44%	13%
Morning Consult	February 3–5, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	42%	16%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 28–29, 2023	1,139 (LV)	–	40%	39%	21%
Morning Consult	January 27–29, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	1,024 (LV)	± 3.9%	42%	45%	13%
Morning Consult	January 20–22, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	41%	43%	16%
Emerson College	January 19–21, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 2.5%	40%	39%	21%
Cygnal	January 19–20, 2023	2,529 (LV)	± 2.0%	46%	45%	9%
Marquette University	January 9–20, 2023	790 (RV)	± 4.0%	38%	45%	17%
Harvard/Harris	January 18–19, 2023	2,050 (RV)	–	39%	42%	19%
YouGov/The Economist	January 14–17, 2023	1,314 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	43%	14%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 16, 2023	1,458 (RV)	–	40%	38%	22%
YouGov/YahooNews	January 12–16, 2023	1,028 (RV)	± 2.7%	44%	42%	14%
Morning Consult	January 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	41%	44%	15%
Morning Consult	January 6–8, 2023	7,500 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	43%	14%
WPA Intelligence	January 2–8, 2023	1,035 (LV)	± 3.0%	42%	45%	13%
Morning Consult	December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023	8,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	42%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 15–19, 2022	1,041 (RV)	± 2.7%	43%	43%	14%
Morning Consult	December 16–18, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	December 14–15, 2022	1,851 (RV)	–	39%	43%	18%
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	1,021 (LV)	± 3.7%	44%	44%	12%
Morning Consult	December 9–11, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	42%	16%
Suffolk University	December 7–11, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	43%	47%	10%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2022	1,162 (LV)	–	42%	40%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 1–5, 2022	1,204 (RV)	± 2.6%	44%	44%	12%
Marquette University	November 15–22, 2022	840 (RV)	± 4.0%	42%	42%	16%
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	1,380 (RV)	± 2.5%	43%	39%	18%
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	1,036 (LV)	± 3.8%	42%	45%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 17, 2022	1,203 (LV)	–	43%	39%	18%
Harvard/Harris	November 16–17, 2022	2,212 (RV)	–	43%	43%	14%
Léger	November 11–13, 2022	1,007 (A)	–	33%	35%	32%
Democracy Corps/GQR	November 6–8, 2022	1,000 (RV)	–	45%	49%	6%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	40%	40%	20%
Marquette University	September 6–14, 2022	1,282 (RV)	± 3.6%	43%	38%	19%
Echelon Insights	August 31 – September 7, 2022	1,228 (LV)	± 3.5%	46%	41%	13%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 28 – August 1, 2022	1,152 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	1,022 (LV)	–	45%	41%	14%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Rasmussen Reports	April 28 – May 2, 2022	1,004 (LV)	± 3.0%	35%	46%	19%
Marquette Law School	March 14–24, 2022	1,004 (A)	± 4.0%	38%	33%	29%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	44%	39%	17%
Marquette Law School^[r]	January 10–21, 2022	1,000 (A)	–	41%	33%	26%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	43%	36%	21%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	1,200 (RV)	± 2.7%	48%	36%	16%
Echelon Insights	April 16–23, 2021	1,043 (RV)	–	45%	28%	27%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 12–16, 2021	1,105 (A)	–	41%	25%	34%

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Donald Trump as an independent

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Donald Trump Independent	Other/ Undecided
Ipsos/Reuters	May 9–15, 2023	4,415 (A)	–	37%	19%	22%	22%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 21–24, 2023	1,005 (A)	–	38%	19%	22%	21%
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	46%	23%	21%	10%

Joe Biden vs. Vivek Ramaswamy

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Vivek Ramaswamy Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[E]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	39%	37%	24%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	45%	7%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	46%	45%	11%

Joe Biden vs. Mitt Romney

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Mitt Romney Republican	Other/ Undecided
Emerson College	October 16–17, 2023	1,578 (RV)	± 2.4%	40%	30%	29%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	36%	33%	31%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	1,050 (RV)	–	41%	35%	24%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	1,200 (RV)	± 2.7%	42%	23%	35%

Joe Biden vs. Tom Cotton

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Tom Cotton Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	37%	31%	32%

Joe Biden vs. Josh Hawley

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Josh Hawley Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	38%	31%	31%

Joe Biden vs. Larry Hogan

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Larry Hogan Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	35%	28%	37%

Joe Biden vs. Ted Cruz

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ted Cruz Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	37%	20%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	39%	16%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 12–16, 2021	1,105 (A)	–	46%	24%	30%

Joe Biden vs. Kristi Noem

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Kristi Noem Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	37%	31%	32%

Joe Biden vs. Mike Pence

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Mike Pence Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[F]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	42%	36%	23%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	44%	9%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	44%	46%	10%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
Cygnal	February 24–27, 2023	2,424 (LV)	± 2.0%	45%	41%	14%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	46%	38%	16%
Cygnal	January 19–20, 2023	2,529 (LV)	± 2.0%	45%	41%	14%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	40%	39%	21%
Marquette Law School	March 14–24, 2022	1,004 (A)	± 4.0%	37%	33%	29%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	44%	42%	14%

Joe Biden vs. Mike Pompeo

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Mike Pompeo Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	39%	32%	29%

Joe Biden vs. Marco Rubio

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Marco Rubio Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	39%	37%	24%

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Nikki Haley Republican	Other/ Undecided
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1,421 (RV)	± 2.6%	46%	43%	12%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1,260 (RV)	± 2.7%	37%	38%	25%
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1,012 (LV)	± 4.1%	41%	45%	13%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	49%	9%^[s]
Emerson College	December 4–6, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3%	38.9%	38.6%	22.5%
SSRS/CNN	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1,197 (RV)	± 3.4%	38%	50%	12%^[t]
Wall Street Journal	November 29 – December 4, 2023	750 (RV)	–	34%	51%	15%
Echelon Insights	November 14–17, 2023	1,006 (LV)	± 4.1%	41%	44%	15%
Emerson College	November 17–20, 2023	1,475 (RV)	± 2.5%	37.5%	37.6%	24.9%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	41%	52%	7%
YouGov/Yahoo! News	November 9–13, 2023	1,061 (RV)	± 2.8%	39%	37%	24%
SSRS/CNN	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1,271 (RV)	± 3.1%	43%	49%	8%
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1,007 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	49%	4%
NBC News	September 15–19, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	41%	46%	14%
Harvard/Harris^[G]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	37%	41%	21%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	45%	8%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	43%	49%	8%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	40%	38%	22%
Premise	March 31 – April 3, 2023	1,562 (RV)	–	36%	32%	32%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	42%	40%	18%
Premise	March 16–21, 2023	1,509 (RV)	–	36%	34%	30%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	39%	37%	24%
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	1,621 (RV)	–	37%	34%	29%
Cygnal	February 24–27, 2023	2,424 (LV)	± 2.0%	46%	41%	13%
Emerson College	February 24–25, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.9%	40%	37%	23%
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	1,023 (LV)	–	43%	36%	21%
Rasmussen Reports	February 16–20, 2023	900 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	45%	10%
Premise	February 16–19, 2023	1,717 (RV)	–	39%	30%	31%
Morning Consult	February 16–19, 2023	2,000 (RV)	± 1.5%	41%	35%	24%
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	43%	31%	26%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	45%	39%	16%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	39%	33%	28%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 12–16, 2021	1,107 (A)	–	44%	19%	37%

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Nikki Haley Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1,421 (RV)	± 2.6%	35%	27%	24%	5%	3%	6%

Joe Biden vs. Rick Scott

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Rick Scott Republican	Other/ Undecided
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	38%	33%	29%

Joe Biden vs. Tim Scott

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Tim Scott Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[H]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	37%	39%	25%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	1,012 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	43%	10%
CNN/SSRS	August 25–31, 2023	1,259 (RV)	± 3.5%	44%	46%	10%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	40%	34%	26%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	37%	32%	31%

Joe Biden vs. generic Republican

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Generic Republican	Other/ Undecided
NBC News	November 10–14, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	37%	48%	15%
NBC News	April 14–18, 2023	800 (RV)	± 3.5%	41%	47%	12%
Morning Consult	April 22–25, 2022	2,004 (RV)	± 2.0%	39%	46%	15%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	37%	46%	17%

Donald Trump vs. generic Democrat

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Generic Democrat	Other/ Undecided
NBC News	November 10–14, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	40%	46%	14%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. generic Libertarian vs. generic Green vs. generic No Labels

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Generic Libertarian	Generic Green	Generic No Labels	Other/ Undecided
NBC News	September 15–19, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	36%	39%	5%	4%	5%	11%

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
McLaughlin & Associates	December 13–19, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	49%	9%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	50%	5%
Harvard/Harris^[I]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	40%	46%	14%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	39%	50%	11%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2023	1,117 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Harvard/Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	38%	48%	14%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	April 4, 2023	1,180 (LV)	–	36%	43%	21%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	38%	48%	14%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2023	1,250 (LV)	–	37%	45%	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 16–20, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	48%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	1,014 (RV)	± 2.7%	42%	45%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	48%	9%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	February 19, 2023	1,102 (LV)	–	41%	42%	17%
Harvard/Harris	February 15–16, 2023	1,838 (RV)	–	39%	49%	12%
Rasmussen Reports	February 8–12, 2023	900 (LV)	± 3.0%	42%	45%	13%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	47%	47%	6%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 28–29, 2023	1,139 (LV)	–	38%	43%	19%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	40%	50%	10%
Harvard/Harris	January 18–19, 2023	2,050 (RV)	–	40%	48%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 16, 2023	1,458 (RV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Harvard/Harris	December 14–15, 2022	1,851 (RV)	–	40%	46%	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	49%	9%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2022	1,162 (LV)	–	41%	43%	16%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 17, 2022	1,203 (LV)	–	43%	43%	14%
Harvard/Harris	November 16–17, 2022	2,212 (RV)	–	40%	47%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 2, 2022	1,084 (LV)	–	38%	45%	17%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	51%	7%
Harvard/Harris	October 12–13, 2022	2,010 (RV)	–	38%	49%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 12, 2022	1,110 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 2–3, 2022	1,128 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	51%	7%
Refield & Wilton Strategies	September 14–15, 2022	1,163 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Harvard/Harris	September 7–8, 2022	1,854 (RV)	–	40%	47%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	August 28, 2022	1,050 (LV)	–	40%	43%	17%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	51%	6%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	August 17, 2022	1,156 (LV)	–	37%	43%	20%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 28 – August 1, 2022	1,152 (RV)	–	45%	44%	11%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 29, 2022	1,094 (LV)	–	36%	42%	22%
Harvard/Harris	July 27–28, 2022	1,885 (RV)	–	40%	47%	13%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	1,022 (LV)	–	46%	44%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 9, 2022	1,078 (LV)	–	39%	43%	18%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–29, 2022	1,308 (RV)	–	39%	45%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	44%	45%	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	50%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	June 15, 2022	1,064 (LV)	–	37%	43%	20%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 30, 2022	1,173 (LV)	–	40%	46%	14%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	1,963 (RV)	–	40%	47%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2022	1,120 (LV)	–	37%	44%	19%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 1, 2022	1,096 (LV)	–	39%	43%	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	41%	51%	8%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	1,966 (RV)	–	41%	47%	12%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	1,001 (LV)	–	43%	47%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 18, 2022	1,500 (LV)	–	39%	45%	16%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 3, 2022	1,205 (LV)	–	35%	44%	21%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	1,990 (RV)	–	38%	49%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	50%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2022	1,193 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 8, 2022	1,194 (LV)	–	37%	42%	21%
Schoen Cooperman Research	March 2–6, 2022	800 (LV)	–	43%	47%	10%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	2,026 (RV)	–	39%	51%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 23, 2022	1,367 (LV)	–	41%	37%	22%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	50%	7%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 6, 2022	1,406 (RV)	–	40%	43%	17%
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1,815 (RV)	–	39%	49%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	40%	51%	9%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	January 8–9, 2022	1,430 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2021	1,387 (LV)	–	38%	42%	20%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	41%	50%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 11–16, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	42%	50%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	November 15, 2021	1,500 (RV)	–	33%	42%	25%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 14–18, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	49%	4%
Rasmussen Reports	September 21–22, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	39%	52%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	47%	49%	4%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 29 – August 3, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	49%	5%
Echelon Insights	June 18–22, 2021	1,001 (RV)	–	47%	40%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 16–20, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 12–18, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%

Kamala Harris vs. Ron DeSantis

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[J]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	44%	37%	19%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	42%	42%	16%
Harvard/Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	41%	43%	16%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	38%	42%	20%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	1,014 (RV)	± 2.7%	40%	45%	15%
Harvard/Harris	February 15–16, 2023	1,838 (RV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Harvard/Harris	January 18–19, 2023	2,050 (RV)	–	40%	43%	17%
Harvard/Harris	December 14–15, 2022	1,851 (RV)	–	40%	45%	15%
Harvard/Harris	November 16–17, 2022	2,212 (RV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Harvard/Harris	September 7–8, 2022	1,854 (RV)	–	41%	38%	21%
Harvard/Harris	July 27–28, 2022	1,885 (RV)	–	41%	40%	19%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	1,022 (LV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–29, 2022	1,308 (RV)	–	39%	37%	23%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	1,963 (RV)	–	41%	38%	20%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	1,966 (RV)	–	42%	38%	20%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	1,990 (RV)	–	40%	38%	22%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	2,026 (RV)	–	41%	39%	20%
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1,815 (RV)	–	39%	40%	21%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	42%	37%	21%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	1,578 (RV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Echelon Insights	April 16–23, 2021	1,043 (RV)	–	43%	31%	26%

Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Mike Pence Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[K]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	39%	39%	22%
Echelon Insights	June 18–22, 2021	1,001 (RV)	–	45%	36%	19%

Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pompeo

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Mike Pompeo Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	1,578 (RV)	–	41%	41%	18%

Kamala Harris vs. Tim Scott

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Tim Scott Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[L]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	43%	35%	22%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	1,578 (RV)	–	39%	42%	19%

Kamala Harris vs. Nikki Haley

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Nikki Haley Republican	Other/ Undecided
Harvard/Harris^[M]	September 13–14, 2023	2,103 (RV)	–	40%	39%	20%
Harvard/Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	41%	38%	21%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	38%	43%	19%

Pete Buttigieg vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Pete Buttigieg Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	46%	44%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	39%	49%	12%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	37%	48%	15%

Hillary Clinton vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Hillary Clinton Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	41%	51%	8%
Schoen Cooperman Research	March 2–6, 2022	800 (LV)	–	43%	46%	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	50%	7%
Echelon Insights	January 21–23, 2022	1,098 (RV)	–	43%	44%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	41%	51%	8%

Bernie Sanders vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Bernie Sanders Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Emerson College	October 16–17, 2023	1,578 (RV)	± 2.4%	40%	48%	12%
Emerson College	July 19–20, 2022	1,078 (RV)	± 2.9%	40%	45%	15%
Morning Consult	April 22–25, 2022	2,004 (RV)	± 2.0%	42%	43%	15%

Phil Murphy vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Phil Murphy Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	33%	49%	18%

Gavin Newsom vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Gavin Newsom Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Cygnal (R)	December 5–7, 2023	2,000 (LV)	± 2.16%	40.9%	46.6%	12.5%
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	49%	6%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	45%	43%	12%

Gavin Newsom vs. Ron DeSantis

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Gavin Newsom Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Other/ Undecided
YouGov/Rose Institute	October 11–26, 2022	5,050 (RV)	± 3.0%	49%	51%	–
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	43%	42%	15%

Gretchen Whitmer vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Gretchen Whitmer Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	48%	6%

Joe Manchin vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Manchin Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	47%	7%

Jerome Segal vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Jerome Segal Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
John Zogby Strategies	October 5, 2022	1,006 (LV)	± 3.2%	40%	39%	21%

Elizabeth Warren vs. Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Elizabeth Warren Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
Public Policy Polling (D)	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	48%	46%	6%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Joe Manchin as an independent

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Manchin Independent	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1,035 (LV)	± 3.6%	41%	42%	9%	8%

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Joe Manchin as an independent

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Joe Manchin Independent	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1,035 (LV)	± 3.6%	42%	38%	8%	12%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. with Joe Manchin as an independent

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Joe Manchin Independent	Other/ Undecided
Cygnal (R)	December 5–7, 2023	2,000 (LV)	± 2.16%	41.3%	41%	8%	3.3%	6.4%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West with Joe Manchin as No Labels Party

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Cornel West Independent	Joe Manchin No Labels	Other/ Undecided
McLaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	38%	39%	5%	7%	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	38%	40%	6%	5%	11%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Manchin as an independent vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Joe Manchin Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided
Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1,001 (RV)	± 3.0%	35%	40%	13%	5%	4%	2%

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein

Poll source	Date	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Joe Manchin No Labels	Jill Stein Green	Other/ Undecided
McLaughlin & Associates	December 13–19, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	34%	36%	10%	2%	3%	2%	13%

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
^ "Another candidate" with 11%; Undecided with 4%
^ With voters who lean towards a given candidate
^ "Other" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 1%
^ "Would not vote" with 6%; "Not sure" with 4%
^ "Some other candidate" with 10%; "Not sure" with 4%
^ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" and "No opinion" with 1%
^ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
^ Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Undecided" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
^ "Don't know" with 2%; "Other" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
^ "Some other candidate" & "Not sure" with 6%
^ "No opinion" with 2%; "Other" & "Do not plan to vote" with 1%
^ "Other" & "Dont know" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
^ "Would not vote" with 9%; "Not sure" with 7%
^ "Other" with 6%; "Do not plan to vote" with 2%; "No opinion" with 1%
^ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Other", "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 3%
^ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%

^ Poll sponsored by Progress Action Fund, a Democratic super PAC
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ This poll was sponsored by Trump's campaign
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

External links

Polling Report

[difference-1] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[key-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

[4] "Another candidate" with 11%; Undecided with 4%

[lean-5] With voters who lean towards a given candidate

[6] "Other" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 1%

[7] "Would not vote" with 6%; "Not sure" with 4%

[8] "Some other candidate" with 10%; "Not sure" with 4%

[9] "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" and "No opinion" with 1%

[12] Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

[13] Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

[14] "Undecided" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%

[15] "Don't know" with 2%; "Other" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%

[16] "Some other candidate" & "Not sure" with 6%

[17] "No opinion" with 2%; "Other" & "Do not plan to vote" with 1%

[18] "Other" & "Dont know" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" with 1%

[19] "Would not vote" with 9%; "Not sure" with 7%

[20] "Other" with 6%; "Do not plan to vote" with 2%; "No opinion" with 1%

[22] Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

[25] "Other", "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 3%

[26] "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%

[3] Poll sponsored by Progress Action Fund, a Democratic super PAC

[10] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[11] This poll was sponsored by Trump's campaign

[21] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[23] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[24] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[27] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[28] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[29] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[30] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[31] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[32] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[33] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[a]

[b]

[A]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[B]

[C]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[l]

[m]

[n]

[o]

[p]

[q]

[D]

[r]

[E]

[F]

[s]

[t]

[G]

[H]

[I]

[J]

[K]

[L]

[M]

Polling aggregations

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

National poll results

Declared candidates

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2024)

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2023)

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2022)

Joe Biden vs Donald Trump (2021)

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Chase Oliver vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West

Potential candidates

Joe Biden vs. Liz Cheney

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Liz Cheney as an independent

Hypothetical polling

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Mark Cuban vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Cornel West

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang

Joe Biden vs. Chris Christie

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Donald Trump as an independent

Joe Biden vs. Vivek Ramaswamy

Joe Biden vs. Mitt Romney

Joe Biden vs. Tom Cotton

Joe Biden vs. Josh Hawley

Joe Biden vs. Larry Hogan

Joe Biden vs. Ted Cruz

Joe Biden vs. Kristi Noem

Joe Biden vs. Mike Pence

Joe Biden vs. Mike Pompeo

Joe Biden vs. Marco Rubio

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Rick Scott

Joe Biden vs. Tim Scott

Joe Biden vs. generic Republican

Donald Trump vs. generic Democrat

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. generic Libertarian vs. generic Green vs. generic No Labels

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

Jerome Segal vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Joe Manchin as an independent

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Joe Manchin as an independent

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. with Joe Manchin as an independent

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West with Joe Manchin as No Labels Party

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Manchin as an independent vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein

See also

Notes

External links