List of fascist movements by country N–T

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A list of political parties, organizations, and movements adhering to various forms of fascist ideology, part of the list of fascist movements by country.

Fascist movements, sorted by country

Overview A-F G-M N-T U-Z

Logo Name of movement Country of predominant operation Came to power? Founded post-World War II? Active? General influence Flag Notes
Dutch People's Union Netherlands No Yes (1971) Yes Neo-Nazism
General Dutch Fascist League Netherlands Yes No (1932) No Nazism
National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands Netherlands Yes No (1931) No Nazism Originated in 1931 as a fascist movement, converted to antisemitism and national-socialism in 1936-1937, never gained more than 8% of the Dutch voters
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party Netherlands No No (1931) No Nazism Broke away from NSB
General Dutch Fascist League Netherlands No No (1932) No Italian Fascism
Black Front Netherlands No No (1934) No Clerical fascism
National Socialist Party of New Zealand New Zealand No Yes (1969) No Nazism
New Zealand National Front New Zealand No Yes (1968) Yes Neo-Nazism Splinter group of the League of Empire Loyalists, not a fascist organization
Unit 88 New Zealand No Yes No Neo-Nazism
Nasjonal Samling (NS) Norway Yes No (1933) No Nazism Founded and led by Vidkun Quisling. Formed German puppet government in Norway. Banned 1945.
National Socialist Movement of Norway Norway No Yes (1988) Yes Neo-Nazism
Norwegian Front (NF) Norway No Yes (1975) No Neo-fascism[1][2]
Norwegian Germanic Army Norway No Yes No Neo-Nazism
Vigrid Norway No Yes (1999) Yes Neo-Nazism
Brit HaBirionim Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine) No No (1930) No Italian Fascism Founded by of Dr. Abba Ahimeir, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Dr. Joshua Yeivin.
Accion Comunal Panama Yes No Panameñism Founded by Dr. Arnulfo Arias
Falange Peru Peru No Yes ? Falangism official site
Revolutionary Union Peru Yes No (1931) No Independent Founded by Peruvian President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Ganap Philippines Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) No (1941) No Far-right nationalism, fascism Collaboratonist movement deriving from Sakdalista party
KALIBAPI Philippines yes No (1942) No Fascism[3][4][5][6] Collaborationist movement
Makapili Philippines Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) No (1941) No Far-right nationalism, fascism Extreme nationalist, collaborationist movement, Anti-American party.
Philippine Falange Philippines No No (late 1930s) No Falangism Branch of the Spanish Falange. Leadership positions held by influential Spanish businessmen.
Philippine National Front Philippines No Yes (2009) Yes Fascism This group is founded to promote Philippine Nationalism and Fascism and to fight the New People's Army rebellion
Camp of Great Poland (OWP) Poland No No (1925) No Far-right nationalism Founded and led by Roman Dmowski. Banned 1933
National Radical Camp (1934) (ONR) Poland No No (1934) No Far-right nationalism Splinter group of the National Party (SN), led by Jan Mosdorf. Banned soon after its establishment, in 1934. Splintered into ONR-ABC and RNR-Falanga.
National Radical Camp-ABC (ONR-ABC) Poland No No (1935) No National radicalism, far-right nationalism Breakaway movement led by Henryk Rossman. During World War II ONR-ABC was transformed into a resistance movement called the "Rampart" Group.
National Radical Movement-Falanga (RNR-Falanga) Poland No No (1935) No National radicalism, far-right nationalism Breakaway movement led by Bolesław Piasecki. Commonly known as the ONR-Falanga. During World War II RNR-Falanga was transformed into a resistance movement called the Confederation of the Nation (KN).
Party of National Socialists (PNS) Poland No No (1933) No Nazism Splinter group of The National Labour Party (NSP).
National Radical Camp (ONR) Poland No Yes (1993) Yes Far-right nationalism Nationalist movement based on the tradition of a pre-war group of the same name.
National Rebirth of Poland (NOP) Poland No Yes (1981) Yes Far-right nationalism, third position Led by Adam Gmurczyk. Party refers to the pre-war Polish national radical movements.
National Socialist Workers Party (NSPR) Poland No No (1933) No Nazism
Young German Party in Poland (JDP) Poland No No (1931) No Nazism Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
German People's Union in Poland Poland No No (1924) No Nazism Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
German Union for Western Poland (DV) Poland No No (1934) No Nazism Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
National Action Movement Portugal No Yes (1986) No Nazism Inactive 1992
National Syndicalists Portugal No No No independent Banned by the Estado Novo
National Union Portugal Yes No (1932) ? Estado Novo/Clerical Fascism
New Social Order Portugal No Yes (2014) No Lusitanian Integralism
Ordem Nova ("New Order") Portugal No Yes (1978) No Nazism Inactive 1982
Crusade of Romanianism Romania No No No Romanian fascism Initially called the White Eagles
Iron Guard Romania Yes No (1927) No Romanian fascism Breakaway group from National-Christian Defense League; members were called "Green Shirts" because of their green uniforms[citation needed]
National-Christian Defense League Romania No No (1923) No Romanian fascism Iron Guard was a breakaway group from this movement
National Christian Party Romania Yes No (1935) No Romanian clerical fascism
National Fascist Movement Romania No No (1923) No Italian Fascism/independent Union of NIRFM and NRF
National Italo-Rumanian Fascist Movement Romania No No (1921) No Italian Fascism Led by Elena Bacaloglu
National Romanian Fascio Romania No No (1921) No Independent Led by Titus Vifor
National Socialist Party Romania No No (1932) No Nazism
New Right Romania No Yes Yes Neofascism
Romanian Front Romania No No (1935) No Romanian fascism Splinter group of National Peasants' Party led by Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
Ethnic National Union Russia No Yes (2018) Yes Neo-Nazism
Front of National Revolutionary Action Russia No Yes (1991) No Neo-Nazism

Northern Alliance Party Russia No Yes (1999) No Neo-Nazism
Neo-nazis taking inspiration from collaborationist movements from World War II.
Northern Brotherhood Russia No Yes (2006) No Neo-Nazism
Pamyat Russia No Yes No Monarchist restoration, ultra-nationalism Splintered into Russian National Union and National Unity of Russia
National Bolshevik Party Russia No Yes (1993) No National Bolshevism
The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov Russia No Yes (2010) Yes National Bolshevism
Russian National Socialist Party (formerly Russian National Union) Russia No Yes (1992) No Neo-Nazism Led by Konstantin Kassimovsky; became Russian National Socialist Party in 1998; splinter of Pamyat in 1992

Russian National Unity Russia No Yes Yes Neo-Nazism
Slavic Union Russia No Yes (1999) Yes Neo-Nazism
Pan-Slavism
Banned in 2010
National Socialist Russian Workers' Party Russia No Yes (1994) No Neo-Nazism, Anti-turkism
Block FACT Russia No Yes (2010) No Anti-Communism
National Socialist Society Russia No Yes (2004) Yes Neo-Nazism
Army for the Liberation of Rwanda Rwanda No Yes (1997) No Hutu Power[7][8][9] Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Coalition for the Defence of the Republic Rwanda No Yes (1992) No Hutu Power
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda Rwanda No Yes (2000) No Hutu Power Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Interahamwe Rwanda No Yes (1990) Yes Hutu Power
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development Rwanda Yes Yes (1975) No Hutu Power
Sammarinese Fascist Party San Marino Yes No (1922) No Italian Fascism Collapsed in 1943, refounded as Republican Fascio of San Marino in January 1944 and subsequently banned in November
Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II) Serbia No No No Fascism
Yugoslav National Movement Serbia No No No Fascism
Leviathan Movement Serbia No Yes (2015) No Neo-fascism
Nacionalni stroj Serbia No Yes Yes Neo-Nazism Neo-Nazi skinheads
Otačastveni pokret Obraz Serbia No Yes Yes Clerical fascism
Serbian Action Serbia No Yes (2010) Yes Ultranationalism

Neo-fascism



Slovak Togetherness Slovakia No Yes Yes Neo-Nazism Banned in 2006
Slovak People's Party Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary Yes No (1906) No Clerical fascism Formed German puppet government in Slovakia
People's Party Our Slovakia Slovakia No Yes Yes Fascism, Neo-Nazi
Afrikaner Studentebond South Africa No Yes ? Nazism
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging South Africa No Yes (1973) Yes Neo-Nazism
Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging South Africa No Yes (1985) No Neo-Nazism
Boerestaat Party South Africa No Yes ? Apartheid Paramilitary group, the Boere Weerstandsbeweging
Economic Freedom Fighters South Africa No Yes (2013) Yes Anti-white racism, Anti-Indian racism, Black ultranationalism[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
Herstigte Nasionale Party South Africa No Yes Yes Apartheid, Anti-Volkstaat
National Party South Africa Yes No (1914) No Apartheid
Ossewabrandwag South Africa No No (1939) No Apartheid
South African Christian National Socialist Movement South Africa No No Nazism Paramilitary group was the Gryshemde, “Grayshirts”
South African National Front South Africa No Yes (1977) No Neo-fascism
Autonomous Bases Spain No Yes ? Neo-Nazism/National Anarchism
Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe Spain No Yes (1966) No Neo-Nazism Disbanded 1993
España 2000 Spain No Yes (2002) Yes Patriotic, Neo-Nazi
FE y de las JONS Spain No No (1934) No Falangism
FET y de las JONS Spain Yes No (1937) No Falangism, Francoism
FE y de las JONS (1976) Spain No Yes (1976) Yes Falangism
The Phalanx Spain No Yes (1999) Yes Falangism
National Alliance Spain No Yes (2006) Yes Neo-Nazism
National Democarcy Spain No Yes (1995) Yes Neo-Nazism
Bodu Bala Sena Sri Lanka No Yes Yes Ethno-fascism
Clerical People's Party Sweden No No (1930) No Clerical fascism
National Socialist Workers' Party Sweden No No (1933) No Nazism Became Swedish Socialist Coalition (Swedish: Svensk Socialistisk Samling) in 1938
National Socialist Bloc Sweden No No (1933) No Nazism Formed from the merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet and Nationalsocialistiska Förbundet and, later, Nationalsocialistisk Samling
Nordic Realm Party Sweden No Yes (1956) No Neo-Nazi
Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party Sweden No No (1924) No Nazism, Agrarianism Merged with the Swedish National Socialist Party
Swedish National Socialist Party Sweden No No (1936) No Nazism
White Aryan Resistance Sweden No Yes (1991) No Neo-Nazi Paramilitary group active between 1991 and 1993.
National Alliance Sweden No Yes (1993) No Neo-Nazi Founded as Young National Socialists of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms Unga Nationalsocialister (SUNS)) in 1993. Became the National Alliance in 1996.
National Socialist Front Sweden No Yes (1994) No Neo-Nazi
Disbanded in 2008
Swedish Resistance Movement Sweden No Yes (1995) Yes Neo-Nazi Militant organization.
National Youth Sweden No Yes (1997) Yes Neo-Nazi Youth organisation of the Swedish Resistance Movement
Legion Wasa Sweden No Yes (1999) No Neo-Nazi Militant organization
Party of the Swedes Sweden No Yes (2008) No Ethnic nationalist, Swedish nationalist, Neo-Nazi Successor of National Socialist Front, first founded under the name People's Front (Swedish: Folkfronten). Disbanded in 2015.
Eidgenössische Sammlung Switzerland No No (1940) No Nazism Successor movement to the National Front
National Front Switzerland No No (1930) No Nazism/independent
National Movement of Switzerland Switzerland No No (1940) No Nazism
National Union Switzerland No No (1932) No Nazism/independent Francophone group
Swiss Nationalist Party Switzerland No Yes (2000) No Völkism, Neo-Nazism
Volkspartei der Schweiz Switzerland No Yes (1951) No Neo-Nazi Led by Gaston-Armand Amaudruz
League of Nationalist Action Syria No No (1932) No Fascism Was founded in 1932 in Syria.
Syrian Social Nationalist Party Syria, Lebanon No No (1932) Yes Fascism[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Advocates the establishment of a Greater Syrian national state, including present Syria, Lebanon, the Hatay Province of Turkey, Israel, the Palestinian territories, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Cyprus, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait.
National Socialism Association Taiwan No Yes (2007) Yes Han ultranationalism

Neo-Nazism

Grey Wolves Turkey No Yes (1968) No Independent Terrorist organization
Republican Villagers Nation Party Turkey Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1962, 1965) Yes (1958) No Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism, third position Precursor of the Nationalist Movement Party.
National Activity and Vigorous Development Turkey No Yes (1969) No Neo-Nazi A National Socialist group existed in 1969 in İzmir, when a group of former CKMP members (precursor party of the MHP) founded the association "Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf" (NAZİ). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore SA uniforms and used the Hitler salute. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the MHP in 1975.[27]
Nationalist Movement Party Turkey Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1975, 1977, 1999) Yes (1969) Yes Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Described as a neo-fascist party linked to extremist and violent militias: Grey Wolves.
Great Unity Party Turkey No Yes (1993) Yes Islamofascism (clerical fascism) Islamist splinter group separated from the Nationalist Movement Party.

Overview A-F G-M N-T U-Z

References

  1. ^ Szajkowski, Bogdan (2004). Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World. John Harper Pub. p. 363. ISBN 9780954381127.
  2. ^ Ó Maoláin, Ciarán (1987). The radical right: a world directory. Longman. p. 215. ISBN 9780874365146.
  3. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn, Japan's Political Welfare, Taylor & Francis US, 2010, p. 121
  4. ^ David Bernstein, The Philippine Story, READ BOOKS, 2007, p. 163
  5. ^ Felixberto G. Bustos, And Now Comes Roxas: The Story of the First President of the Republic of the Philippines and the Occupation, C. Z. Bustos, 1945, p. 187
  6. ^ Augusto V. de Viana, Kulaboretor!: The Issue of Political Collaboration During World War II, University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2003, p. 46
  7. ^ Christian P. Scherrer, Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution. Ongoing crisis in Central Africa: revolution in Congo and disorder in the Great Lakes region: conflict impact assessment and policy options. Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution, 1998. Pp. 83.
  8. ^ Front Cover Dina Temple-Raston. Justice on the Grass: Three Rwandan Journalists, Their Trial for War Crimes and a Nation's Quest for Redemption. Simon and Schuster, 2005. Pp. 170.
  9. ^ Raymond Verdier, Emmanuel Decaux, Jean-Pierre Chrétien (editors). "Situation judiciare au Rwanda" by Alphonse Marie Nkubito, Rwanda, un génocide du XXe siècle. Editions L'Harmattan, 1995. Pp. 223.
  10. ^ Satgar, Vishwas (5 November 2019). "Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 56 (4): 580–605. doi:10.1111/cars.12265. ISSN 1755-6171. PMID 31692263. S2CID 207894048. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  11. ^ Gareth van Onselen (2018-03-26). "Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen, 26 March 2018 | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
  12. ^ "No country for appeasers as fascism rises in South Afri..." 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  13. ^ "EFF's fascist agenda rapidly clarifies itself through Malema's racial outbursts". Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Political analyst: EFF is a fascist organisation". POWER 98.7. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
  15. ^ "Fascism and the EFF: Or how to gaslight the media - The Mail & Guardian". 28 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  16. ^ "The EFF's wrecking ball politics is fascist rather than left - The Mail & Guardian". 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  17. ^ Haffajee, Ferial (2020-09-13). "ANALYSIS: From schoolyard bullies to emerging fascists: The EFF's unstoppable politics of violence". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  18. ^ "Democracy, fascism and the future of the EFF". www.news.uct.ac.za. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  19. ^ Satgar, Vishwas (2019). "Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 56 (4): 580–605. doi:10.1111/cars.12265. PMID 31692263. S2CID 207894048 – via ResearchGate.
  20. ^ Simon, Reeva S. (1996). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-896011-4. The Syrian Social Nationalist party (SSNP) was the brainchild of Antun Sa'ada, a Greek Orthodox Lebanese who was inspired by Nazi and fascist ideologies.
  21. ^ Ya’ari, Ehud (June 1987). "Behind the Terror". Atlantic Monthly. [The SSNP] greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
  22. ^ Pipes, Daniel (1992). Greater Syria. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506022-9. The SSNP flag, which features a curved swastika called the red hurricane (zawba'a), points to the party's fascistic origins.
  23. ^ Rolland, John C. (2003). Lebanon. Nova Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-871-5. [The SSNP's] red hurricane symbol was modeled after the Nazi swastika.
  24. ^ Johnson, Michael (2001). All Honourable Men. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-715-4. Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
  25. ^ Becker, Jillian (1984). The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78547-8. [The SSNP] had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.
  26. ^ Yamak, Labib Zuwiyya (1966). The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: An Ideological Analysis. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674862364.
  27. ^ Jürgen Roth and Kamil Taylan: Die Türkei – Republik unter Wölfen. Bornheim-Merten, p. 119.
  28. ^ Sullivan, Colleen (2011). "Grey Wolves". In Martin, Gus (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. pp. 236–7.
  29. ^ Karasapan, Omer (1989). "Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost". Middle East Report. 17 (160): 587–606. doi:10.2307/3013440. JSTOR 260523. The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.
  30. ^ Aslan, Fikret; Bozay, Kemal, eds. (2012). Graue Wölfe heulen wieder: Türkische Faschisten und ihre Vernetzung in Deutschland [Grey wolves howl again: Turkish fascists and their networks in Germany] (in German) (3rd. ed.). Unrast Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89771-035-1.
  31. ^ Canefe, Nergis; Bora, Tanıl [in Turkish] (2004). "Intellectual Roots of Anti-European Sentiments in Turkish Politics: The Case of Radical Turkish Nationalism". In Çarkoğlu, Ali; Rubin, Barry (eds.). Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics. Routledge. p. 125, 129. ISBN 978-1-135-76120-2.
  32. ^ Cooley, John K. (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism (3rd ed.). London: Pluto Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9. A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.
  33. ^ Jacoby, Tim (2012). Fascism, Civility and the Crisis of the Turkish State. Routledge. p. 112. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  34. ^ Arıkan, E. Burak (1999). The Programme of the Nationalist Action Party: An Iron Hand in a Velvet Glove?. Frank Cass. pp. 122–125. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  35. ^ Political Terrorism, by Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 674
  36. ^ Annual of Power and Conflict, by Institute for the Study of Conflict, National Strategy Information Center, 1982, p. 148
  37. ^ The Nature of Fascism, by Roger Griffin, Routledge, 1993, p. 171
  38. ^ Political Parties and Terrorist Groups, by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Routledge, 2003, p. 45
  39. ^ The Inner Sea: The Mediterranean and Its People, by Robert Fox, 1991, p. 260
  40. ^ Martin A. Lee "On the Trail of Turkey's Terrorist Grey Wolves" The Consortium, 1997
  41. ^ "Crime of the Century". The Weekly Standard. 7 April 2005.
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