List of elected British politicians who have changed party affiliation

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the House of Lords, British members of the European Parliament, members of the British devolved legislatures (such as the Scottish Parliament, Senedd, and Northern Ireland Assembly) and Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) who have changed their party affiliation (i.e. abandoning a previous party membership to take up a new one) or who have resigned from, been suspended from or been expelled from their previous party affiliation, making them independents. When a member of a legislature switches from one party to another, this is called crossing the floor. The list details the dates, members involved, previous and new party affiliations, and an explanation for their switch.

Members of Parliament who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

MPs 1680–1832

1698 John Grubham Howe Whig Tory
1707 Sir Robert Harley Whig Tory
1725 John Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke Whig Tory
Sir William Pulteney Whig Tory
1793 William Windham Whig Independent
1795 Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh Whig Tory
Thomas Pelham Whig Tory
1810 Charles Williams-Wynn Whig Tory Tried to create a third political party, failed and joined the Tories.
1822 Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Tory Whig
1828 Charles Williams-Wynn Tory Whig Was not offered a position in Government.
1834 Whig Tory Offered position in Government.

1832–1847 Parliaments

1834 Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet Whig Conservative Resigned as First Lord of the Admiralty
Lord Stanley Whig Conservative Resigned as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies[1]
Lord George Bentinck Whig Conservative
Bingham Baring Whig Conservative
1846 William Ewart Gladstone Conservative Peelite Resigned as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Henry Goulburn Conservative Peelite Resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet Conservative Peelite Resigned as Home Secretary
Sidney Herbert Conservative Peelite Resigned as Secretary at War
John Young Conservative Peelite Resigned as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
Edward Cardwell Conservative Peelite Resigned as Financial Secretary to the Treasury

1847–1886 Parliaments

1847 Sir John Young, 2nd Baronet Conservative Peelite
Lord Ernest Bruce Conservative Peelite
Henry Bingham Baring Conservative Peelite
1852 Frederick Peel Conservative Peelite
Henry FitzRoy Conservative Peelite
James Stuart-Wortley Conservative Peelite
1853 Lord Alfred Hervey Conservative Peelite
Sir John Young, 2nd Baronet Peelite Conservative
1859 William Ewart Gladstone Peelite Liberal
Frederick Peel Peelite Liberal
1868 Edward James Saunderson Liberal Conservative
1879 James Yeaman Liberal Conservative

1886–1900 Parliaments

1886 Joseph Chamberlain Liberal Liberal Unionist Created the Liberal Unionist Party after disagreeing with William Gladstone and splitting over Home Rule for Ireland
Was the President of the Board of Trade until his defection.
Sir Henry James Liberal Liberal Unionist Was the Attorney-General until his defection.
Edward Heneage Liberal Liberal Unionist Was the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster until his defection.
The Marquess of Hartington Liberal Liberal Unionist Was the Secretary of State for War until his defection.
Sir George Otto Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist Was the Secretary for Scotland until his defection.[2]
William Shepherd Allen Liberal Liberal Unionist
Arthur Peel Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Boyd Kinnear Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Shepherd Allen Liberal Liberal Unionist
Walter Morrison Liberal Liberal Unionist
Arthur Pease Liberal Liberal Unionist
Arthur Pease Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Vivian Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Corbett Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Cornwallis-West Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Crossman Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Westlake Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Brand Liberal Liberal Unionist
Donald Currie Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Dixon Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Cuthbert Quilter, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
John William Ramsden Liberal Liberal Unionist
Charles Pelham Villiers Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Robert Anstruther, 5th Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir George Macpherson-Grant, 3rd Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Ernest Noel Liberal Liberal Unionist
Alexander Craig Sellar Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Wilson Liberal Liberal Unionist
David Davies Liberal Liberal Unionist
Robert Bickersteth Liberal Liberal Unionist
Edward Watkin Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Lymington Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Wolmer Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Ebrington Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Howick Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Baring Liberal Liberal Unionist
Viscount Lambton Liberal Liberal Unionist
Lord Richard Grosvenor Liberal Liberal Unionist
Lord Edward Cavendish Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Thomas Grove, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Robert Jardine, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Savile Brinton Crossley, 2nd Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir John St Aubyn, 2nd Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Hugh Elliot Liberal Liberal Unionist
Arthur Elliot Liberal Liberal Unionist
Andrew Fairbairn Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Charles Seely, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Alexander Brown, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Savile Crossley Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Henry Wiggin, 1st Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Lubbock Liberal Liberal Unionist
Francis Taylor Liberal Liberal Unionist
Richard Frederick Fotheringham Campbell Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Wentworth-FitzWilliam Liberal Liberal Unionist
Archibald Corbett Liberal Liberal Unionist
Jesse Collings Liberal Liberal Unionist
Thomas Buchanan Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Dixon Liberal Liberal Unionist
Thomas Sutherland Liberal Liberal Unionist
Charles James Monk Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Kenrick Liberal Liberal Unionist
Robert Jasper More Liberal Liberal Unionist
Cathcart Wason Liberal Liberal Unionist
Lewis Fry Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Corbett Liberal Liberal Unionist
Mitchell Henry Liberal Liberal Unionist
Richard Biddulph Martin Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir John Pender Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Meysey-Thompson Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Pitt-Lewis Liberal Liberal Unionist
Alfred Barnes Liberal Liberal Unionist
Lewis McIver Liberal Liberal Unionist
Richard Chamberlain Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Salis-Schwabe Liberal Liberal Unionist
Francis William Maclean Liberal Liberal Unionist
Francis Bingham Mildmay Liberal Liberal Unionist
Hamar Alfred Bass Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Hobhouse Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Pirrie Sinclair Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Jenkins Liberal Liberal Unionist
Robert Finlay Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Bickford-Smith Liberal Liberal Unionist
Robert Thornhagh Gurdon Liberal Liberal Unionist
Charles Fraser-Mackintosh Liberal Liberal Unionist
Lewis Fry Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Hastings Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Howard Liberal Liberal Unionist
Joseph Powell-Williams Liberal Liberal Unionist
Thomas Richardson Liberal Liberal Unionist
Sir Julian Goldsmid, 3rd Baronet Liberal Liberal Unionist
Peter Rylands Liberal Liberal Unionist
John Bright Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Kenrick Liberal Liberal Unionist
Jesse Collings Liberal Liberal Unionist
James William Barclay Liberal Liberal Unionist
Frederick William Grafton Liberal Liberal Unionist
Alfred Barnes Liberal Liberal Unionist
Michael Biddulph Liberal Liberal Unionist
Nevil Story Maskelyne Liberal Liberal Unionist
Edmond Wodehouse Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Sproston Caine Liberal Liberal Unionist
Henry Frederick Beaumont Liberal Liberal Unionist
Greville Richard Vernon Liberal Liberal Unionist
1888 Henry Wentworth-FitzWilliam Liberal Liberal Unionist
Cunninghame Graham Liberal Independent
Thomas Buchanan Liberal Unionist Liberal
Sir Thomas Grove, 1st Baronet Liberal Unionist Liberal
1891 All Irish Conservative MPs Irish Conservative Irish Unionist Conservatives in Ireland merged into new party.[3]
1892 Benjamin Hingley Liberal Unionist Liberal
1893 George Joachim Goschen Liberal Unionist Conservative
Thomas Henry Bolton Liberal Liberal Unionist
William Grenfell Liberal Conservative
1898 George Doughty Liberal Liberal Unionist
1899 Leonard Courtney Liberal Unionist Liberal
1900 George Whiteley Conservative Liberal Stood for Pudsey as Liberal in the 1900 election after standing down as Conservative MP for Stockport.[4]

1900–1906 Parliament

1902 Cathcart Wason Liberal Unionist Liberal Resigned seat and fought by-election as an Independent Liberal
1903 Michael Foster Liberal Unionist Liberal  
John William Wilson Liberal Unionist Liberal  
31 May 1904 Winston Churchill Conservative Liberal Changed party over dismay at the Conservative party becoming more "protectionist"[5] Returned to Conservatives in the 1920s, stating "Anyone can rat, but it takes a certain amount of ingenuity to re-rat".[6]
1904 John Eustace Jameson Irish Parliamentary Conservative  
Jack Seely Conservative Ind. Conservative  
Ivor Guest Conservative Liberal  
Ernest Hatch Conservative Liberal  
George Kemp Liberal Unionist Liberal  
Lord Richard Cavendish Liberal Unionist Liberal  
Edward Hain Liberal Unionist Liberal  
Richard Bell Labour Liberal  
November 1904 Richard Rigg Liberal Conservative Joined Conservatives because "he found himself in agreement with the Conservative government on so many key issues"[7]
1905 John Dickson-Poynder Conservative Liberal  
1906 John Eldon Gorst Conservative Free Trader  
Jack Seely Ind. Conservative Liberal  

1906–December 1910 Parliaments

1906 Carlyon Bellairs Liberal Liberal Unionist  
Austin Taylor Conservative Liberal  
John William Wilson Liberal Unionist Liberal  
1907 Leslie Renton Liberal Liberal Unionist  
1908 Archibald Corbett Liberal Unionist Liberal Re-joined Liberal Party
1909 Alexander Cross Liberal Unionist Liberal  
Arthur Elliot Liberal Unionist Independent Stood as an independent
Thomas Kincaid-Smith Liberal Independent Stood as an independent
Enoch Edwards Liberal Labour
Frederick Hall Liberal Labour
William Johnson Liberal Labour
1910 William Abraham Liberal Labour
William Edwin Harvey Liberal Labour
James Haslam Liberal Labour
Thomas Richards Liberal Labour
Albert Stanley Liberal Labour
John Wadsworth Liberal Labour
John Williams Liberal Labour
Harold Cox Liberal Free Trader

December 1910–1918 Parliament

May 1912 35 MPs Liberal Unionist Conservative Conservative and Liberal Unionist parties merged.
John Gordon Liberal Unionist Irish Unionist Irish Liberal Unionist and Unionist parties merged.
30 March 1914 William Edwin Harvey Labour Liberal Resigned over the party's treatment of Barnet Kenyon, before and after the 1913 Chesterfield by-election, particularly regarding miner's representation.[8]
1914 William Johnson Labour Liberal Expelled from the Labour Party for addressing Liberal Party meetings.[9]
1915 John Hancock Labour Liberal Expelled from the Labour Party.[10]
John Wadsworth Labour Liberal  
William Abraham Labour Liberal  
1917 Sir Richard Cooper, 2nd Baronet Conservative Independent Those who defected in 1917 actually joined the National Party.
However, before the general election of 1918 all members apart from Croft and Cooper had returned to the Conservatives or had lost their seats.
Henry Page Croft Conservative Independent
Richard Hamilton Rawson Conservative Independent  
Alan Hughes Burgoyne Conservative Independent  
Douglas George Carnegie Conservative Independent  
Viscount Duncannon Conservative Independent  
Rowland Hunt Conservative Independent  [11]
Edward Fitzroy Conservative Independent  
1918 Harland Bowden Conservative Ind. Unionist  
Arthur Strauss Conservative Independent Labour  
Charles Trevelyan Liberal Independent Labour
Arthur Ponsonby Liberal Independent Contested as an Independent Democrat.
R. L. Outhwaite Liberal Independent Liberal
Leo Chiozza Money Liberal Labour
Edward John Liberal Labour

1918–1922 Parliament

1918–1922 Many Independent Independent During this Parliament it is difficult to track moves by many MPs between the pro- and anti-Coalition wings of their parties.
1918 George Nicoll Barnes Labour Independent Labour Refused to resign from the Lloyd George Coalition
1919 Cecil L'Estrange Malone Liberal Independent
1920 Oswald Mosley Conservative Independent Left over the Conservative Party's Irish policy, specifically the use of Black and Tans.
1921 All Irish Unionist MPs Irish Unionist Ulster Unionist Creation of Northern Ireland after partition of Ireland.
Thomas Harbison Irish Parliamentary Nationalist
1922 John Hope Liberal Independent Liberal Rejected as a candidate on the grounds that he had not made a single speech during his 24 years in Parliament.[12]
T. P. O'Connor Irish Parliamentary Irish Nationalist Irish Parliamentary Party no longer represented in Parliament. It dissolved after the Irish Free State's establishment.

1922–1923 Parliament

1923 Gordon Ralph Hall Caine Independent Conservative Took the Conservative whip
James Malcolm Monteith Erskine Independent Conservative

1923–1924 Parliament

February 1924 George M. Ll. Davies Independent Labour Originally elected as an "Independent Christian Pacifist"; later took the Labour whip but did not join the party

1924–1929 Parliament

1924 Oswald Mosley Independent Labour  
January 1926[13] Sir Alfred Mond, Bt Liberal Conservative Defected after falling out with Lloyd George
1926 Joseph Kenworthy Liberal Labour Resigned in opposition of Lloyd George's leadership
1927 George Alfred Spencer Labour Independent Expelled from the Labour party for brokering a local settlement during the General Strike.[14]
Leslie Haden-Guest Labour Independent Resigned in protest of Labour's opposition of sending troops to Shanghai[15]
Sir Robert Newman, Bt Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn after a dispute between Newman and his local Conservative association, leading to his deselection as a Conservative parliamentary candidate, as well as differences with the party leadership surrounding his support for free-trade policies.[11]
1928 Sir Basil Peto, Bt Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn in April 1928 due to policy disagreements with Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government.[11]
Independent Conservative Whip restored in November 1928 after an overwhelming vote of confidence in Peto by his local party executive.[11]
1929 Thomas Robinson Liberal Independent

1929–1931 Parliament

1931 Oswald Mosley Labour New Party Created the New Party.
Lady Cynthia Mosley Labour New Party Joined the New Party.
Oliver Baldwin Labour New Party Joined the New Party but left after one day and sat as an independent.
New Party Independent
Robert Forgan Labour New Party Joined the New Party
W. E. D. Allen Ulster Unionist New Party Joined the New Party
Cecil Dudgeon Liberal New Party Joined the New Party
February 1931 John Strachey Labour New Party Joined the New Party
June 1931 New Party Independent Did not agree with the party's drift towards fascism
24 August 1931 Ramsay MacDonald Labour National Labour Formed the National Government
Malcolm MacDonald Labour National Labour Joined the National Government
25 August 1931 Philip Snowden Labour National Labour Joined the National Government
J. H. Thomas Labour National Labour
1931 William Jowitt Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 28 August
George Gillett Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 31 August
Ernest Bennett Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 1 September
George Knight Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 2 September
James Lovat-Fraser Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 2 September
Craigie Aitchison Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 3 September
Samuel Rosbotham Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 5 September
Archibald Church Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 8 September.
Richard Denman Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 10 September.
Sydney Frank Markham Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 16 September.
Derwent Hall Caine Labour National Labour Followed MacDonald on 23 September.

1931–1935 Parliament

February 1933 Harry Nathan Liberal Independent Liberals (UK, 1931) Opposed the policy of the National Government
November 1933 Robert Bernays Liberal Independent Liberal Remained on the government benches when the Liberal Party went into opposition
Joseph Leckie Liberal National Liberal
William McKeag Liberal National Liberal
Joseph Maclay Liberal Independent Liberal
August 1934 Harry Nathan Independent Liberals (UK, 1931) Labour

1935–1945 Parliament

July 1935 George Morrison Liberal National Liberal
1935 Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the India Bill and the "national-socialist tendency" of the government's domestic policy.[16]
Independent Conservative
1937 Conservative Independent Resigned whip over Anglo-Italian Agreement[16]
Independent Conservative
1938 Conservative Independent Resigned a third time, due to opposing Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement of Adolf Hitler before being deselected by her local party[16]
September 1936 Robert Bernays Independent Liberal National Liberal
1938 Herbert Holdsworth Liberal National Liberal
November 1939 Aneurin Bevan Labour Independent Expelled from the Labour Party for seven months for supporting a "popular front"
Sir Stafford Cripps Labour Independent
George Strauss Labour Independent
Clement Davies National Liberal Independent Resigned whips of both the Liberal Nationals and the National Government in opposition to Chamberlain.[17]
March 1940 Denis Pritt Labour Independent Expelled from the Labour Party over his defence of the Soviet invasion of Finland[18]
1942 Murdoch Macdonald National Liberal Independent
Edgar Granville National Liberal Independent
Clement Davies Independent Liberal Returned to the Liberal Party after a decade.
February 1942 Stephen King-Hall National Labour Independent Opposed the party's considerations in wartime
May 1942 Alec Cunningham-Reid Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn after a dispute with the national Conservative leadership.[11]
July 1942 Sir Richard Acland Liberal Common Wealth Formed the Common Wealth Party after a merger of the 1941 Committee and the Forward March movement
Vernon Bartlett Independent Progressive Common Wealth Fought the 1945 general election as an independent
May 1943 Kenneth Lindsay National Labour Independent
November 1944 John Eric Loverseed Common Wealth Independent
February 1945 Sir Stafford Cripps Independent Labour Rejoined the Labour Party[19]
April 1945 Edgar Granville Independent Liberal
May 1945 John Eric Loverseed Independent Labour

1945–1950 Parliament

1945 John MacLeod Independent Liberal National Liberal
22 April 1946 Ernest Millington Common Wealth Labour  
21 October 1946 Tom Horabin Liberal Independent Declared support for the Labour government
26 March 1947 John McGovern Ind. Labour Party Labour  
23 July 1947 Rev Campbell Stephen Ind. Labour Party Independent Granted the Labour whip on 21 October 1947.
21 October 1947 Independent Labour
29 October 1947 James Carmichael Ind. Labour Party Independent Granted the Labour whip on 3 November 1947.
3 November 1947 Independent Labour
4 November 1947 Evelyn Walkden Labour Independent Following censure by the House for his conduct.
18 November 1947 Tom Horabin Independent Labour
22 March 1948 John Mackie Independent Conservative  
28 April 1948 John Platts-Mills Labour Independent Expelled from party for sending supportive telegram to Pietro Nenni, Italian socialist allied with the Communists.
16 May 1948 Alfred Edwards Labour Conservative Expelled from party for opposition to nationalisation of steel.
3 October 1948 Eric Gandar Dower Conservative Independent Dispute with local association.[20]
26 October 1948 Ivor Thomas Labour Conservative Resigned due to opposition to nationalisation of steel.
28 October 1948 Gwilym Lloyd George Liberal Independent Whip removed;[21] Lloyd-George had been sitting on the Conservative front bench since 1945 but had continued to receive the Liberal whip "as a matter of courtesy"
18 May 1949 Leslie Solley Labour Independent Expelled from party for persistently opposing government policies.
Konni Zilliacus Labour Independent
27 July 1949 Lester Hutchinson Labour Independent Expelled from party for opposition to government foreign policy.

1950–1951 Parliament

4 May 1950 John MacLeod Independent Liberal National Liberal
4 August 1950 Raymond Blackburn Labour Independent Called for Winston Churchill to be Prime Minister in a coalition government.

1951–1955 Parliament

2 June 1954 John Mellor Conservative Independent Resigned whip over increase in MPs' salaries (Mellor was opposed).
14 July 1954 Independent Conservative
Harry Legge-Bourke Conservative Independent Opposed to policy of withdrawing British base in Suez canal zone.
18 October 1954 Harry Legge-Bourke Independent Conservative
23 November 1954 S. O. Davies Labour Independent Whip withdrawn after breaking the whip over German rearmament.
George Craddock Labour Independent
Ernest Fernyhough Labour Independent
Emrys Hughes Labour Independent
Sydney Silverman Labour Independent
Victor Yates Labour Independent
John McGovern Labour Independent
10 March 1955 Richard Acland Labour Independent Opposed to party policy on nuclear arms and resigned his seat.
16 March 1955 Aneurin Bevan Labour Independent Whip withdrawn for challenging the authority of Party leader.
April 1955 S. O. Davies Independent Labour Whip restored.
George Craddock Independent Labour
Ernest Fernyhough Independent Labour
Emrys Hughes Independent Labour
Sydney Silverman Independent Labour
Victor Yates Independent Labour
John McGovern Independent Labour
28 April 1955 Aneurin Bevan Independent Labour

1955–1959 Parliament

8 November 1956 Cyril Banks Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the Suez Crisis (Banks was friendly with Egypt). The whip was restored on 19 December 1958.
13 May 1957 Patrick Maitland Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the Suez Crisis, wanting UK involvement in Suez to continue (whip restored 23 December 1957)
John Biggs-Davison Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the Suez Crisis, wanting UK involvement in Suez to continue (whip restored 11 July 1958)
Anthony Fell Conservative Independent
Victor Montagu Conservative Independent
Lawrence Turner Conservative Independent
Paul Williams Conservative Independent
Angus Maude Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the Suez Crisis, wanting UK involvement in Suez to continue and subsequently resigned their seat.
Victor Raikes Conservative Independent
14 November 1957 Frank Medlicott Conservative Independent Resigned whip over the Suez Crisis (Medlicott was opposed to the invasion). The whip was restored 21 November 1958.
30 January 1959 David Robertson Conservative Independent Resigned whip over policy on the Scottish highlands.

1959–1964 Parliament

16 March 1961 William Baxter Labour Independent Whip withdrawn for voting against the defence estimates. The whip was restored on 29 May 1963.
S. O. Davies Labour Independent
Michael Foot Labour Independent
Emrys Hughes Labour Independent
Sydney Silverman Labour Independent
22 March 1961 Alan Brown Labour Independent Opposed to party defence policy.
Konni Zilliacus Labour Independent Whip suspended until January 1962 for writing critical article in Communist publication.
19 October 1961 William Duthie Conservative Independent Resigned whip over policy on salmon fishing industry. The whip was restored on 15 November 1963.
4 May 1962 Alan Brown Independent Conservative  
23 January 1964 Dr Donald Johnson Conservative Independent Dispute with local party.

1966–1970 Parliament

10 July 1966 Geoffrey Hirst Conservative Ind. Conservative Failed to persuade party to vote against Prices and Incomes Bill.
8 December 1966 Reginald Paget Labour Independent Resigned the whip because of opposition to United Nations sanctions on Rhodesia. The whip was restored on 15 June 1967.
10 January 1968 Julian Ridsdale National Liberal Conservative Party disbanded
David Renton National Liberal Conservative
Joan Vickers National Liberal Conservative
John Nott National Liberal Conservative
18 January 1968 Desmond Donnelly Labour Independent Opposed to defence cuts 'east of Suez'
31 January 1968 Frank Allaun Labour Independent Labour whip suspended from 31 January 1968 to 29 February 1968.
Norman Atkinson Labour Independent Labour
Albert Booth Labour Independent Labour
James Dickens Labour Independent Labour
S. O. Davies Labour Independent Labour
Michael Foot Labour Independent Labour
Will Griffiths Labour Independent Labour
Dr John Dunwoody Labour Independent Labour
Eric Heffer Labour Independent Labour
Willie Hamilton Labour Independent Labour
Emrys Hughes Labour Independent Labour
Peter Jackson Labour Independent Labour
Anne Kerr Labour Independent Labour
Russell Kerr Labour Independent Labour
Malcolm Macmillan Labour Independent Labour
John Mendelson Labour Independent Labour
Stanley Newens Labour Independent Labour
Christopher Norwood Labour Independent Labour
Stan Orme Labour Independent Labour
Trevor Park Labour Independent Labour
John Ryan Labour Independent Labour
Sydney Silverman Labour Independent Labour
Tom Swain Labour Independent Labour
Carol Johnson Labour Independent Labour

1970–1974 Parliament

24 August 1970 Gerry Fitt Republican Labour SDLP Formed new party.
October 1970 Bernadette Devlin Unity Independent Declared that she would sit in Parliament as an independent socialist
30 September 1971 Ian Paisley Protestant Unionist DUP Protestant Unionists merged into new party.
16 February 1972 Ray Gunter Labour Independent Labour Opposed to take-over of party by middle-class intellectuals.[22]
6 October 1972 Dick Taverne Labour Democratic Labour Dispute with local party. Simultaneously announced his intention to resign his seat and seek re-election.
18 December 1972 Stratton Mills Ulster Unionist Conservative Chose to remain an "independent unionist and Conservative" when the UUP withdrew from the Conservative whip
29 April 1973 Conservative Alliance  

1974 Parliament

9 July 1974 Christopher Mayhew Labour Liberal Believed Labour was too vulnerable to left takeover.

1974–1979 Parliament

11 October 1975 John Dunlop Vanguard UUUP Split with leadership over proposal for voluntary power-sharing in Northern Ireland
24 October 1975 James Kilfedder Ulster Unionist Ind. Unionist Opposed to the growth of support for the full integration of Northern Ireland into the United Kingdom, remained committed to devolution
19 November 1975 Robert Bradford Vanguard Ulster Unionist Opposed to power-sharing.
7 April 1976 John Stonehouse Labour Independent Believed new Prime Minister James Callaghan did not have a mandate.
14 April 1976 John Stonehouse Independent English National  
26 July 1976 Jim Sillars Labour Scottish Labour Resigned from Labour over public spending cuts.
John Robertson Labour
8 October 1977 Reg Prentice Labour Conservative Believed Labour should be defeated at the next election.[23]
26 November 1977 William Craig Vanguard Ulster Unionist Party wound up

1979–1983 Parliament

22 November 1979 Gerry Fitt SDLP Independent Socialist Dispute with party over talks process.
17 January 1980 James Kilfedder Ind. Unionist Ulster Progressive Unionist Party Formed party (renamed 'Ulster Popular Unionist Party' in March 1980).
20 February 1981 Richard Crawshaw Labour SDP Resigned whip prior to launch of new party, which he joined on 2 March 1981.
Tom Ellis Labour SDP Resigned whip prior to launch of new party, which he joined on 2 March 1981.
2 March 1981 Tom Bradley Labour SDP Formed new party.
John Cartwright Labour SDP
John Horam Labour SDP
Robert Maclennan Labour SDP
John Roper Labour SDP
David Owen Labour SDP
Bill Rodgers Labour SDP
Neville Sandelson Labour SDP
Mike Thomas Labour SDP
Ian Wrigglesworth Labour SDP
16 March 1981 Christopher Brocklebank-Fowler Conservative SDP  
19 March 1981 Edward Lyons Labour SDP  
4 July 1981 James Wellbeloved Labour SDP  
7 September 1981 Michael O'Halloran Labour SDP  
1 October 1981 Dr Dickson Mabon Labour SDP  
5 October 1981 Bob Mitchell Labour SDP  
6 October 1981 David Ginsburg Labour SDP  
7 October 1981 James Dunn Labour SDP  
Tom McNally Labour SDP  
29 October 1981 Eric Ogden Labour SDP  
16 November 1981 John Grant Labour SDP  
30 November 1981 George Cunningham Labour Independent Labour  
2 December 1981 Ronald Brown Labour SDP  Defected to the SDP[24]
11 December 1981 Bruce Douglas-Mann Labour Independent Labour Subsequently, resigned his seat and restood unsuccessfully for the Social Democratic Party.
Jeffrey Thomas Labour SDP  
Ednyfed Hudson Davies Labour SDP  
22 January 1982 Bryan Magee Labour Independent Labour
12 March 1982 Bryan Magee Independent Labour SDP
16 June 1982 George Cunningham Independent Labour SDP  
2 August 1982 Robert Mellish Labour Independent Labour Dispute with local party.[25]
10 February 1983 Michael O'Halloran SDP Independent Labour Not selected as a candidate for the subsequent election.

1983–1987 Parliament

31 January 1987 John Ryman Labour Independent  

1987–1992 Parliament

3 March 1988 All 17 Liberal MPs Liberal Liberal Democrats Merger of the SDP and the Liberal Party as the "Social and Liberal Democrats", later Liberal Democrats.
3 March 1988 Robert Maclennan SDP Liberal Democrats Merger of the SDP and the Liberal Party as the "Social and Liberal Democrats", later Liberal Democrats.
Charles Kennedy SDP Liberal Democrats
3 March 1988 Rosie Barnes SDP SDP Objected to the SDP's merger with the Liberal Party.
John Cartwright SDP SDP
David Owen SDP SDP
19 May 1988 Ron Brown Labour Independent Whip suspended over misconduct.
19 August 1988 Independent Labour Whip restored.
14 March 1990 Dick Douglas Labour Independent Opposed to party acquiescence in administering the Poll Tax.
24 May 1990 Rosie Barnes SDP Independent Continuing SDP dissolved, sat as independent Social Democrats.
John Cartwright SDP Independent
David Owen SDP Independent
4 October 1990 Dick Douglas Independent SNP  
25 September 1991 Dave Nellist Labour Independent Whip suspended over links to the Militant tendency.
Terry Fields Labour Independent
13 March 1992 John Browne Conservative Ind. Conservative Whip removed for intention to stand against official candidate after he had been deselected.

1992–1997 Parliament

23 July 1993 Rupert Allason Conservative Ind. Conservative Whip suspended until 1 July 1994 after failing to back Conservative government in confidence motion.
29 November 1994 Nicholas Budgen Conservative Ind. Conservative Whip suspended until 24 April 1995 after failing to back Conservative government in confidence motion.
Michael Carttiss Conservative Ind. Conservative
Christopher Gill Conservative Ind. Conservative
Teresa Gorman Conservative Ind. Conservative
Antony Marlow Conservative Ind. Conservative
Richard Shepherd Conservative Ind. Conservative
Teddy Taylor Conservative Ind. Conservative
John Wilkinson Conservative Ind. Conservative
Richard Body Conservative Ind. Conservative
7 October 1995 Alan Howarth Conservative Labour  
29 December 1995 Emma Nicholson Conservative Liberal Democrats Resigned saying "The Conservative Party has changed so much, while my principles have not changed at all. I would argue that it is not so much a case of my leaving the party, but the party leaving me."[26]
24 February 1996 Peter Thurnham Conservative Independent  Resigned over dismay at the Scott Report and the Nolan Report
13 October 1996 Independent Liberal Democrats  
8 March 1997 George Gardiner Conservative Referendum Resigned after being deselected by local Conservative association.[27]

1997–2001 Parliament

21 November 1997 Peter Temple-Morris Conservative Independent 'One Nation Conservative' Whip removed due to questioned commitment to the Party.
21 June 1998 Independent 'One Nation Conservative' Labour  
9 September 1998 Tommy Graham Labour Independent 'Scottish Labour' Expelled from Party over misconduct.
26 March 1999 Dennis Canavan Labour Independent Expelled from Party after decision to stand for Scottish Parliament against official candidate.
18 December 1999 Shaun Woodward Conservative Labour Direction of party under William Hague
6 March 2000 Ken Livingstone Labour Independent Expelled from Party after decision to stand for Mayor of London against official candidate.
11 April 2001 Charles Wardle Conservative Independent Whip removed after rumours of support for Independent candidate in forthcoming general election.

2001–2005 Parliament

10 December 2001 Paul Marsden Labour Liberal Democrats Left Labour over the war in Afghanistan[28]
2 October 2002 Andrew Hunter Conservative Ind. Conservative Resigned whip in order to ally with the Democratic Unionist Party in Northern Ireland.[29]
23 June 2003 David Burnside Ulster Unionist Ind. Unionist Resigned whip over opposition to the Belfast Agreement. Accepted the whip back on 9 January 2004.
Martin Smyth Ulster Unionist Ind. Unionist Resigned whip over opposition to the Belfast Agreement. Accepted the whip back on 9 January 2004.
Jeffrey Donaldson Ulster Unionist Ind. Unionist Resigned whip over opposition to the Belfast Agreement.
23 October 2003 George Galloway Labour Independent Expelled from Party after being found guilty of "bringing the party into disrepute"[30]
9 January 2004 Jeffrey Donaldson Ind. Unionist DUP Joined DUP
25 January 2004 George Galloway Independent Respect
25 January 2004 Ann Winterton Conservative Independent Whip suspended over misconduct for telling a joke which alluded to the recent death of 23 illegal immigrant Chinese cockle-pickers in Morecambe Bay.[31]
31 March 2004 Independent Conservative Whip restored for apologising.[32]
10 December 2004 Andrew Hunter Ind. Conservative DUP  
15 January 2005 Robert Jackson Conservative Labour Disagreement with party over higher education funding.
3 February 2005 Jonathan Sayeed Conservative Independent Whip suspended until 7 March 2005 over misconduct.
7 March 2005 Independent Conservative .
18 March 2005 Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn over misconduct.
25 March 2005 Howard Flight Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn over controversial policy remarks.
6 April 2005 Paul Marsden Liberal Democrats Independent Labour Declared support for Labour Party to win the impending general election.[33]
25 April 2005 Brian Sedgemore Labour Liberal Democrats Unhappy with the direction Labour were heading. Although this was one week before the election, Parliament had been dissolved on 11 April and Sedgemore was no longer a sitting MP.

2005–2010 Parliament

20 October 2006 Clare Short Labour Independent Resigned whip.
Declared support for a hung parliament at the next election.[34]
26 June 2007 Quentin Davies Conservative Labour Criticised the direction of the Conservative Party under leadership of David Cameron.[35]
16 September 2007 Robert Wareing Labour Independent Resigned whip after failing in a bid for reselection.
25 September 2007 Andrew Pelling Conservative Independent Whip suspended pending the conclusion of an investigation into the accusations he assaulted his wife, a case which was then dropped by the CPS.[36]
29 January 2008 Derek Conway Conservative Independent Whip suspended pending the conclusion of an investigation into the accusations he misused his Parliamentary Allowances.
12 March 2008 Bob Spink Conservative Independent Resigned from the Conservatives after disagreements with the party.
22 April 2008 Independent UKIP Joined UK Independence Party (UKIP)
November 2008 UKIP Independent Re-designated Independent stating he had never been a full member.[37]
9 January 2010 Iris Robinson DUP Independent Expelled from the DUP
8 February 2010 David Chaytor Labour Independent Whip suspended over the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal after criminal charges of false accounting were brought.
Jim Devine Labour Independent
Elliot Morley Labour Independent
25 March 2010 Sylvia, Lady Hermon Ulster Unionist Independent Resigned from party due to opposition to the electoral pact between the Ulster Unionists and the Conservative Party.[38]

2010–2015 Parliament

19 May 2010 Eric Illsley Labour Independent Whip suspended over the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal after criminal charges of false accounting were brought.
14 October 2010 Denis MacShane Labour Independent Whip suspended over the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal[39]
23 February 2012 Eric Joyce Labour Independent Whip suspended after drunkenly assaulting fellow politicians, including Stuart Andrew and Phil Wilson, on the parliamentary estate[40]
5 July 2012 Denis MacShane Independent Labour Retakes the whip after police decide not prosecute him over the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal.
2 November 2012 Labour Independent Whip suspended after being found to have submitted false invoices for expenses during the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal[41]
4 November 2012 Nadine Dorries Conservative Independent Whip removed after taking part in I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here![42]
4 February 2013 Chris Huhne Liberal Democrats Independent Suspended from the party after pleading guilty to perverting the course of justice.
8 May 2013 Nadine Dorries Independent Conservative Whip returned[43]
31 May 2013 Patrick Mercer Conservative Independent Resigned the Conservative Party whip after an ongoing enquiry regarding allegations relating to lobbying.[44]
4 June 2013 Mike Hancock Liberal Democrats Independent Resigned from the Liberal Democrats after allegations of sexual offences were made against him.[45]
19 July 2013 David Ward Liberal Democrats Independent Whip withdrawn over anti Israel remarks.[46]
10 September 2013 Nigel Evans Conservative Independent Resigned from the Conservatives after allegations of sexual offences were made against him.[47][48]
19 September 2013 David Ward Independent Liberal Democrats Received whip back
10 April 2014 Nigel Evans Independent Conservative Found not guilty on all charges, so returned to the Conservative benches
28 August 2014 Douglas Carswell Conservative UKIP Defected and resigned as MP, triggering by-election which he won.[49]
27 September 2014 Mark Reckless Conservative UKIP Defected and resigned as MP, triggering by-election which he won.[50]
22 February 2015 Jack Straw Labour Independent Whip withdrawn after being secretly filmed apparently offering his services to a private company for cash.[51]
23 February 2015 Sir Malcolm Rifkind Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn after being secretly filmed apparently offering his services to a private company for cash.[51]

2015–2017 Parliament

29 September 2015 Michelle Thomson SNP Independent Resigned whip over allegations of mortgage fraud.[52]
24 November 2015 Natalie McGarry SNP Independent Resigned whip over allegations of funds going missing from the accounts of Women for Independence.[53]
28 December 2015 Simon Danczuk Labour Independent Suspended from the Labour Party following allegations of sending sexually explicit text messages to a 17-year-old girl.[54]
27 April 2016 Naz Shah Labour Independent Suspended from the Labour Party following allegations of making anti-semitic remarks.[55]
5 July 2016 Independent Labour Suspension overturned and reinstated to party after apologizing for remarks made.[56]
25 March 2017 Douglas Carswell UKIP Independent Left UKIP after internal disagreements and became an independent MP[57]

2017–2019 Parliament

10 July 2017 Anne Marie Morris Conservative Independent Suspended pending investigation over racist remarks alleged[58]
25 October 2017 Jared O'Mara Labour Independent Suspended pending investigation over sexist and homophobic comments
2 November 2017 Kelvin Hopkins Labour Independent Suspended pending investigation due to sexual assault allegations
3 November 2017 Charlie Elphicke Conservative Independent Suspended pending investigation due to sexual assault allegations
23 November 2017 Ivan Lewis Labour Independent Suspended pending investigation due to sexual assault allegations[59]
12 December 2017 Anne Marie Morris Independent Conservative Re-admitted into the party[60]
8 January 2018 Barry McElduff Sinn Féin Independent Suspended over a joke seen as mocking IRA victims.
30 April 2018 John Woodcock Labour Independent Suspended pending investigation due to sexual assault allegations[61]
3 July 2018 Jared O'Mara Independent Labour Re-admitted into the party[62]
12 July 2018 Labour Independent Resigned from the Labour Party[63]
14 July 2018 Andrew Griffiths Conservative Independent Suspended following sexting controversy
24 July 2018 Ian Paisley Jr DUP Independent Suspended from party after failing to declare visits to Sri Lanka
30 August 2018 Frank Field Labour Independent Resigned from the Labour Party in protest over anti-semitism and bullying within Labour[64]
21 November 2018 Ian Paisley Jr Independent DUP Suspension lifted and whip restored
6 December 2018 Stephen Lloyd Liberal Democrats Independent Resigned from the Liberal Democrat whip over their call for a second EU referendum
12 December 2018 Charlie Elphicke Independent Conservative Whip restored to support May's Government in a vote of no confidence[65][66]
Andrew Griffiths Independent Conservative
19 December 2018 Fiona Onasanya Labour Independent Suspended, and later expelled, from the party after being convicted of perverting the course of justice[67]
18 February 2019 Luciana Berger Labour Co-op Change UK Formed new group[68]
Ann Coffey Labour Change UK
Mike Gapes Labour Co-op Change UK
Chris Leslie Labour Co-op Change UK
Gavin Shuker Labour Co-op Change UK
Angela Smith Labour Change UK
Chuka Umunna Labour Change UK
19 February 2019 Joan Ryan Labour Change UK Joined new group[69]
20 February 2019 Heidi Allen Conservative Change UK Joined new group
Anna Soubry Conservative Change UK
Sarah Wollaston Conservative Change UK
22 February 2019 Ian Austin Labour Independent Resigned from the Labour Party in protest over alleged anti-semitism and bullying within Labour[70]
27 February 2019 Chris Williamson Labour Independent Suspended from the Labour Party as he claimed that the party was too apologetic over anti-semitism
1 April 2019 Nick Boles Conservative Independent Resigned the Conservative Party whip over Brexit, taking the label "Independent Progressive Conservative"[71]
4 June 2019 Heidi Allen Change UK Independent Resigned from Change UK
Luciana Berger Change UK Independent
Gavin Shuker Change UK Independent
Angela Smith Change UK Independent
Chuka Umunna Change UK Independent
Sarah Wollaston Change UK Independent
13 June 2019 Chuka Umunna Independent Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats.[72]
26 June 2019 Chris Williamson Independent Labour Reinstated by party
28 June 2019 Labour Independent Suspended again[73]
10 July 2019 Heidi Allen Independent The Independents Formed new group[74]
Luciana Berger Independent The Independents
Gavin Shuker Independent The Independents
Angela Smith Independent The Independents
John Woodcock Independent The Independents
22 July 2019 Charlie Elphicke Conservative Independent Suspended once again after being charged with sexual assault[75]
14 August 2019 Sarah Wollaston Independent Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats[76]
3 September 2019 Phillip Lee Conservative Liberal Democrats Physically crossed the floor during a statement by prime minister Boris Johnson to join the Liberal Democrats[77]
Guto Bebb Conservative Independent Suspended from the party over defying whip during vote against no-deal Brexit[78]
Richard Benyon Conservative Independent
Steve Brine Conservative Independent
Alistair Burt Conservative Independent
Greg Clark Conservative Independent
Kenneth Clarke Conservative Independent
David Gauke Conservative Independent
Justine Greening Conservative Independent
Dominic Grieve Conservative Independent
Sam Gyimah Conservative Independent
Philip Hammond Conservative Independent
Stephen Hammond Conservative Independent
Richard Harrington Conservative Independent
Margot James Conservative Independent
Sir Oliver Letwin Conservative Independent
Anne Milton Conservative Independent
Caroline Nokes Conservative Independent
Antoinette Sandbach Conservative Independent
Sir Nicholas Soames Conservative Independent
Rory Stewart Conservative Independent
Ed Vaizey Conservative Independent
5 September 2019 Luciana Berger The Independents Liberal Democrats
7 September 2019 Amber Rudd Conservative Independent Resigned from the Cabinet and surrendered the Conservative whip
Angela Smith The Independents Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats.
14 September 2019 Sam Gyimah Independent Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats.
22 September 2019 Mike Hill Labour Independent Suspended from the party over allegations of sexual assault.
7 October 2019 Stephen Hepburn Labour Independent Suspended from the party over allegations of sexual assault.
7 October 2019 Heidi Allen The Independents Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats.
16 October 2019 Louise Ellman Labour Independent Resigned from Labour in protest over Jeremy Corbyn.
21 October 2019 Mike Hill Independent Labour Reinstated after allegations of sexual harassment were dropped.
29 October 2019 Alistair Burt Independent Conservative Whip restored
Caroline Nokes Independent Conservative
Greg Clark Independent Conservative
Sir Nicholas Soames Independent Conservative
Ed Vaizey Independent Conservative
Margot James Independent Conservative
Richard Benyon Independent Conservative
Steve Brine Independent Conservative
Stephen Hammond Independent Conservative
Richard Harrington Independent Conservative
Stephen Lloyd Independent Liberal Democrats Rejoined the Liberal Democrats.
31 October 2019 Antoinette Sandbach Independent Liberal Democrats Joined the Liberal Democrats.[79]

2019–2024 Parliament

13 December 2019 Neale Hanvey SNP Independent Whip suspended from party over anti-semitic social media posts.[80]
23 May 2020 Jonathan Edwards Plaid Cymru Independent Whip suspended after being arrested on suspicion of assault.[81]
2 June 2020 Neale Hanvey Independent SNP Re-admitted to the party after a 6-month suspension.[82]
15 July 2020 Julian Lewis Conservative Independent Whip suspended after "working with Labour and other opposition MPs for his own advantage".[83]
28 September 2020 Claudia Webbe Labour Independent Whip suspended, and later expelled from party, over allegations of harassment.[84]
1 October 2020 Margaret Ferrier SNP Independent Whip suspended from party after breaking COVID-19 travel restrictions.[85]
29 October 2020 Jeremy Corbyn Labour Independent Whip suspended from party for comments made after the release of a report that found the Labour Party under his leadership allowed anti-semitism and harassment of Jewish members.[86] Reinstated to the party on 17 November 2020 but whip not restored by Sir Keir Starmer.[87]
30 December 2020 Julian Lewis Independent Conservative Whip restored.
27 March 2021 Kenny MacAskill SNP Alba Resigned from the SNP to join the newly established Alba Party.[88]
28 March 2021 Neale Hanvey SNP Alba Resigned from the SNP to join the newly established Alba Party.
25 May 2021 Rob Roberts Conservative Independent Whip removed and suspended from Parliament for six weeks after an independent panel found he sexually harassed a member of his staff.
18 June 2021 Imran Ahmad Khan Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn after being charged with sexual assault on a 15-year old boy.
12 January 2022 Anne Marie Morris Conservative Independent Whip withdrawn after rebelling against the government on an opposition day motion to cut VAT on energy bills.[89]
19 January 2022 Christian Wakeford Conservative Labour Resigned from the Conservative Party and joined the Labour Party after expressing no-confidence in Boris Johnson, as result of his actions following revelations over drinking and partying in Downing Street during the UK's lockdowns.[90]
11 February 2022 Neil Coyle Labour Independent Whip suspended, following allegations of making racist comments to a journalist.[91]
2 April 2022 David Warburton Conservative Independent Whip suspended following allegations of sexual assault and possession of cocaine.[92]
29 April 2022 Neil Parish Conservative Independent Whip suspended following allegations of watching pornography whilst in the Commons.[93]
12 May 2022 Anne Marie Morris Independent Conservative Whip restored after suspension.
26 June 2022 Patrick Grady SNP Independent Resigned from the SNP following allegations of sexual assault.[94]
1 July 2022 Christopher Pincher Conservative Independent Whip suspended following an investigation of him drunkenly groping two men.[95]
19 July 2022 Tobias Ellwood Conservative Independent Whip suspended for missing a confidence vote on Boris Johnson's government.[96]
7 September 2022 Nick Brown Labour Independent Whip suspended, following a complaint that had been made against him.[97]
27 September 2022 Rupa Huq Labour Independent Whip suspended, after being accused of making a racist comment about Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng at the Labour conference.[98]
7 October 2022 Conor Burns Conservative Independent Whip suspended after being sacked over an allegation of serious misconduct.[99]
13 October 2022 Christina Rees Labour Independent Whip suspended, after allegations of bullying her constituency staff.[100]
14 October 2022 Tobias Ellwood Independent Conservative Whip restored.
21 October 2022 Chris Matheson Labour Independent Whip suspended, after allegations of sexual misconduct.[101]
1 November 2022 Matt Hancock Conservative Independent Whip suspended after taking part in I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here![102]
3 December 2022 Conor Burns Independent Conservative Whip restored.
7 December 2022 Julian Knight Conservative Independent Whip suspended after a complaint about him was made to the Metropolitan Police.[103]
Conor McGinn Labour Independent Whip suspended and was suspended from the Labour Party pending the investigation of a complaint.[104]
29 December 2022 Patrick Grady Independent SNP Whip restored.
11 January 2023 Andrew Bridgen Conservative Independent Whip suspended after spreading misinformation about COVID-19 vaccination.[105]
3 March 2023 Rupa Huq Independent Labour Whip restored.
5 April 2023 Scott Benton Conservative Independent Whip suspended after admitting to lobbying ministers following a sting by The Times.[106]
23 April 2023 Diane Abbott Labour Independent Whip suspended after remarks made in The Observer.[107]
10 May 2023 Andrew Bridgen Independent Reclaim Joined the Reclaim Party.[108]
24 May 2023 Neil Coyle Independent Labour Whip restored.
1 June 2023 Geraint Davies Labour Independent Whip suspended following complaints of "unacceptable behaviour".[109]
9 June 2023 Bambos Charalambous Labour Independent Whip suspended after a complaint was made against him.[110]
5 July 2023 Angus MacNeil SNP Independent Whip suspended for a week following a row with the party's chief whip.[111]
12 October 2023 Lisa Cameron SNP Conservative Defected to the Conservative Party citing 'toxic and bullying' treatment from colleagues.[112]
18 October 2023 Peter Bone Conservative Independent Whip suspended after an investigation found that he had bullied staff and was sexually inappropriate towards a former member of staff.[113]
26 October 2023 Crispin Blunt Conservative Independent Whip suspended after being arrested on suspicion of rape and possession of drugs.[114]
30 October 2023 Andy McDonald Labour Independent Whip suspended for making “deeply offensive” remarks made at a speech during a pro-Palestine rally.[115]
4 November 2023 Bob Stewart Conservative Independent Surrendered the whip after being found guilty of racially abusing an activist.[116]
20 December 2023 Andrew Bridgen Reclaim Independent Left the Reclaim Party.[117]
5 January 2024 Chris Skidmore Conservative Independent Left the Conservative Party and resigned as an MP, triggering a by-election, over the governmental decision to allow more oil and gas fracking licences.[118]
28 January 2024 Kate Osamor Labour Independent Whip suspended following comments made that the events in Gaza should be remembered on Holocaust Memorial Day.[119]
1 February 2024 Christina Rees Independent Labour Whip restored, following an apology.[120]
24 February 2024 Lee Anderson Conservative Independent Whip suspended for making Islamaphobic comments about Sadiq Khan, and refusing to apologise for them.[121]
11 March 2024 Lee Anderson Independent Reform UK Joined Reform UK following suspension from Conservative Party.[122]
13 March 2024 Andy McDonald Independent Labour Labour Whip restored following investigation over use of controversial phrase.[123]
29 March 2024 Jeffrey Donaldson DUP Independent Party membership suspended following charges of historic sex offences.[124]
9 April 2024 William Wragg Conservative Independent Resigned Tory Whip following the leaking of fellow MP's personal numbers following the sharing of explicit images through a dating app.[125]
12 April 2024 Bambos Charalambous Independent Labour Whip restored following results of investigation.[126]

Members of Parliament who were suspended from their parliamentary party

These MPs were suspended by their Parliamentary Parties but continued to receive the Whip.

Date Member Party Notes
22 March 2010 Patricia Hewitt Labour Suspended over the allegations from the 2010 Cash for Influence Scandal[127]
Geoff Hoon Labour
Stephen Byers Labour
Margaret Moran Labour
5 November 2010 Phil Woolas Labour Suspended after being found to have breached the Representation of the People Act 1983; his 2010 general election victory was declared void and he was barred from holding public office for 3 years;[128]

Members of the House of Lords who have changed party affiliation

The House of Lords is not a popularly elected body.

Date Member Before After Notes

1700–present

1703 John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll Tory Whig Critic of the Tories.
1710 Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers Whig Tory
1711 John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of Ashburnham Tory Whig
1783 Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel Whig Independent Resigning as a protest against the Peace of Paris[129]
1793 William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam Whig Independent Resigned over disagreements with the party over involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars[130]
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland Whig Independent
1794 Independent Tory
Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle Whig Tory
1801 Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester Whig Tory
1802 Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough Whig Tory
1812 George James Cholmondeley, 4th Earl of Cholmondeley Whig Tory
1830 Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde Tory Whig
1834 Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham Tory Whig
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond Whig Conservative Resigned as Postmaster General of the United Kingdom
Frederick Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon Whig Conservative Resigned as Lord Privy Seal
1846 George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen Conservative Peelite Resigned as Foreign Secretary
Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle Conservative Peelite Resigned as Chief Secretary for Ireland
Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans Conservative Peelite Resigned as Postmaster General of the United Kingdom
1853 Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning Conservative Peelite Resigned as Commissioner of Woods and Forests
1855 Charles Somers-Cocks, 3rd Earl Somers Conservative Whig
1884 Lawrence Dundas, 1st Marquess of Zetland Liberal Conservative
1886 Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby Liberal Liberal Unionist
Charles Pelham, 4th Earl of Yarborough Liberal Liberal Unionist
Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire Liberal Liberal Unionist
Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford Liberal Liberal Unionist
Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford Liberal Liberal Unionist
Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge Liberal Liberal Unionist
Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook Liberal Liberal Unionist
Edward Hyde Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon Liberal Liberal Unionist
Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster Liberal Liberal Unionist
Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford Liberal Liberal Unionist
Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne Liberal Liberal Unionist
Albert Parker, 3rd Earl of Morley Liberal Liberal Unionist
Richard Dawson, 1st Earl of Dartrey Liberal Liberal Unionist
Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon Liberal Liberal Unionist
George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll Liberal Independent Resigned over disagreements on Irish Home Rule.[131]
1891 All Irish Conservative peers Irish Conservative Irish Unionist Conservatives in Ireland merged into new party.[3]
1895 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne Liberal Liberal Unionist
1904 Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire Liberal Unionist Conservative
1904 Ivor Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne Conservative Liberal
1905 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne Liberal Unionist Conservative
1912 William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne Liberal Unionist Conservative Conservative and Liberal Unionist parties merged.
1920 John Wodehouse, 2nd Earl of Kimberley Liberal Labour
1924 Maurice Towneley-O'Hagan, 3rd Baron O'Hagan Liberal Conservative
1923 Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane Liberal Labour
1924 Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor Conservative Labour To serve as Lord President of the Council in the First MacDonald ministry.
1945 Frederick James Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton Independent Conservative
1947 Charles Kerr, 1st Baron Teviot National Liberal Conservative
1948 Oswald Phipps, 4th Marquess of Normanby Conservative Labour
1950 Labour Independent [132]
1959 David Rees Rees-Williams, 1st Baron Ogmore Labour Liberal
1975 Alan Mais, Baron Mais Labour Liberal
1979 Alfred Robens, Baron Robens of Woldingham Labour Conservative Unhappy with how left wing the Labour Party was becoming.
Alun Jones, Baron Chalfont Labour Independent
Richard Marsh, Baron Marsh Labour Independent
1981 George Brown, Baron George-Brown Labour SDP
Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry Labour SDP
Hugh Cudlipp, Baron Cudlipp Labour SDP
John Diamond, Baron Diamond Labour SDP
Jack Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge Labour SDP
John Harris, Baron Harris of Greenwich Labour SDP
Derek Page, Baron Whaddon Labour SDP
Walter Perry, Baron Perry of Walton Labour SDP
Stephen Taylor, Baron Taylor Labour SDP
Thomas Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gryfe Labour SDP
Henry Walston, Baron Walston Labour SDP
Henry Wilson, Baron Wilson of Langside Labour SDP
Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom Labour SDP
1982 Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire Conservative SDP
John Edward Poynder Grigg, 2nd Baron Altrincham Conservative SDP
Wayland Hilton Young, 2nd Baron Kennet Labour SDP
Martin Attlee, 2nd Earl Attlee Labour SDP
Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone Labour SDP
Robert Hall, Baron Roberthall Independent SDP
Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury Labour SDP
Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross Labour SDP
Phyllis Stedman, Baroness Stedman Labour SDP
George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth Labour SDP
Henry Wilson, Baron Wilson of Langside Labour SDP
1986 Bob Mellish, Baron Mellish Labour SDP
1988 Phyllis Stedman, Baroness Stedman SDP SDP Opposed the SDP's merger with the Liberals
Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky SDP SDP
John Diamond, Baron Diamond SDP SDP
Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry SDP Independent SDP merged with Liberals
1990 Phyllis Stedman, Baroness Stedman SDP Independent Continuing SDP dissolved
John Diamond, Baron Diamond SDP Independent
Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky SDP Independent
1992 Independent Conservative Joined Conservatives[133]
1995 John Diamond, Baron Diamond Independent Labour
1997 David Alton, Baron Alton of Liverpool Liberal Democrats Independent Was unhappy with the pro-choice stance of certain colleagues
John Attlee, 3rd Earl Attlee Independent Conservative
Vere Harmsworth, 3rd Viscount Rothermere Conservative Labour Over the parties' policies
1998 David Hacking, 3rd Baron Hacking Conservative Labour Over the parties' European policies
Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton Conservative Liberal Democrats Over the parties' policies
Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness Strange Conservative Independent Over reduction in the number of hereditary peers[134]
1999 Timothy Beaumont, Baron Beaumont of Whitley Liberal Democrats Green Objected to the party's support of free trade
2000 Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone Labour Independent After taking up an appointment as Chief Executive of Environment Agency[135]
Jeffrey Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare Conservative Independent Expelled after being jailed for perjury and perverting the course of justice.
2001 Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky Conservative Independent
2002 David Stoddart, Baron Stoddart of Swindon Labour Independent Expelled for backing a Socialist Alliance candidate
2004 Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond Ulster Unionist Conservative
May 2004 Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch Conservative Independent Expelled for backing UKIP[136]
Leopold Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke Conservative Independent Expelled for backing UKIP
David Robert Stevens, Baron Stevens of Ludgate Conservative Independent
Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox Conservative Independent
2005 Craig Mackinlay UKIP Conservative In 2005, following Nigel Farage's loss in Thanet South, Mackinlay joined the Conservatives. In 2015, he was selected by the Conservative Party as their prospective Parliamentary candidate for the Thanet South constituency in 2015,[137] where he beat Farage following a "controversial campaign".[138]
September 2005 Christopher Haskins, Baron Haskins Labour Independent Expelled for donating £2,500 to Liberal Democrats
November 2005 Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie Labour Independent Expelled after being convicted of arson[139]
January 2007 Conrad Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour Conservative Independent Expelled after being convicted of fraud[140]
David Trimble, Baron Trimble Ulster Unionist Conservative Joined the Conservatives "to have a greater impact on politics in the United Kingdom"[141]
Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch Independent UKIP Joined UKIP
Leopold Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke Independent UKIP Joined UKIP
March 2008 Shreela Flather, Baroness Flather Conservative Independent Resigned[142]
February 2009 Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed Labour Independent Expelled after being convicted of dangerous driving.
May 2009 Thomas Taylor, Baron Taylor of Blackburn Labour Independent Suspended over Cash for Influence
Peter Truscott, Baron Truscott Labour Independent
June 2009 Stanley Kalms, Baron Kalms Conservative Independent Expelled for backing UKIP
February 2010 Paul White, Baron Hanningfield Conservative Independent Expelled due to Parliamentary expenses scandal
July 2010 John Taylor, Baron Taylor of Warwick Conservative Independent Resigned due to Parliamentary expenses scandal
October 2010 Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin Labour Independent Expelled due to Parliamentary expenses scandal
Swraj Paul, Baron Paul Labour Independent
Amir Bhatia, Baron Bhatia Labour Independent
February 2011 Anthony Jacobs, Baron Jacobs Liberal Democrats Independent Due to opposition to party policies on taxation.
Lucius Cary, 15th Viscount Falkland Liberal Democrats Independent Due to opposition to direction of the party
February 2012 Jenny Tonge, Baroness Tonge Liberal Democrats Independent Quit the party rather than apologise due to strong criticisms of Israel.[143][144]
April 2012 Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed Labour Independent Suspended for comments made about America[145]
June 2012 Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed Independent Labour Suspension lifted after investigation clears Ahmed.[146]
Ken Maginnis, Baron Maginnis of Drumglass Ulster Unionist Independent Resigned from the party over his anti-gay remarks[147]
July 2012 Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie Independent Labour Re-admitted to the Labour Party.
September 2012 David Robert Stevens, Baron Stevens of Ludgate Independent UKIP Joined UKIP[148]
March 2013 Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed Labour Independent Suspended for alleged antisemitism[149]
June 2013 Brian Mackenzie, Baron Mackenzie of Framwellgate Labour Independent Suspended after being found to have offered to lobby for a firm in return for cash
Jack Cunningham, Baron Cunningham of Felling Labour Independent
John Laird, Baron Laird Ulster Unionist Independent
January 2014 Chris Rennard, Baron Rennard Liberal Democrats Independent Suspended for refusing to apologise over sexual assault claims[150]
May 2014 Matthew Oakeshott, Baron Oakeshott of Seagrove Bay Liberal Democrats Independent Due to opposition to direction of the party
August 2014 Chris Rennard, Baron Rennard Independent Liberal Democrats Re admitted to the Liberal Democrats
March 2015 Paul Strasburger, Baron Strasburger Liberal Democrats Independent Resigned over donor allegations[151]
Qurban Hussain, Baron Hussain Liberal Democrats Independent Resigned after illegally bringing a child into the UK from Pakistan[152]
May 2015 Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone Independent Labour Rejoined the party
Alan Sugar, Baron Sugar Labour Independent Resigned from the party over its direction[153]
July 2015 John Sewel, Baron Sewel Labour Independent Suspended from party following reports of an orgy featuring prostitutes and cocaine.[154]
September 2015 Ros Altmann, Baroness Altmann Labour Conservative Expelled after it was discovered she had been a Labour member at the time she was already a Conservative minister.[155]
October 2015 Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis Labour Independent Relinquished the Labour whip while heading a commission on major infrastructure projects.
Norman Warner, Baron Warner Labour Independent Resigned in protest at the direction the party was heading under Jeremy Corbyn.
Anthony Grabiner, Baron Grabiner Labour Independent
September 2016 Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne Liberal Democrats Conservative Disagreed with the party's view on the European Union and grammar schools.
Zahida Manzoor, Baroness Manzoor Liberal Democrats Conservative
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley Conservative Independent Resigned over concerns that May was not committed to the 'Northern Powerhouse'[156]
September 2016 Parry Mitchell, Baron Mitchell Labour Independent Resigned in protest at the direction the party was heading under Jeremy Corbyn.[157]
January 2017 Alex Carlile, Baron Carlile of Berriew Liberal Democrats Independent Disagreed with the party's direction.[158]
September 2018 Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill Liberal Democrats Independent Suspended over allegations of sexual harassment[159]
December 2018 Leopold Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke UKIP Independent Quit the party
David Robert Stevens, Baron Stevens of Ludgate UKIP Independent Quit the party over Gerard Batten's support and hiring of Tommy Robinson[160]
March 2019 David Steel, Baron Steel of Aikwood Liberal Democrats Independent Suspended after he stated that he was aware Cyril Smith had been a child abuser.[161]
May 2019 Independent Liberal Democrats Re-admitted to the party[162]
Michael Heseltine, Baron Heseltine Conservative Independent Suspended over his support for the Lib Dems during the 2019 EU election[163]
Andrew Cooper, Baron Cooper of Windrush Conservative Independent Suspended over his support for the Lib Dems during the 2019 EU election[citation needed]
Michael Cashman, Baron Cashman Labour Independent Resigned over his support for the Lib Dems during the 2019 EU election[164]
Lewis Moonie, Baron Moonie Labour Independent Suspended from the party over allegations of transphobia.[165]
July 2019 Chris Holmes, Baron Holmes of Richmond Conservative Independent Suspended due to allegations of sexual assault[166]
July 2019 David Triesman, Baron Triesman Labour Independent Resigned over antisemitism within the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn[167][168]
Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg Labour Independent
Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham Labour Independent
October 2019 Andrew Stone, Baron Stone of Blackheath Labour Independent Suspended from the party over allegations of sexual assault and transphobia.[169]
Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch UKIP Independent Quit the party over party infighting.[citation needed]
January 2020 David Lea, Baron Lea of Crondall Labour Independent Suspended from the party over allegations of stalking women.[170]
February 2020 David Steel, Baron Steel of Aikwood Liberal Democrats Independent Resigned after a report found he did not act on allegations of child abuse by Cyril Smith.[171]
June 2020 Parry Mitchell, Baron Mitchell Independent Labour Rejoined because of Keir Starmer's handling of antisemitism within the party.[172]
David Triesman, Baron Triesman Independent Labour
Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg Independent Labour
October 2020 Chris Holmes, Baron Holmes of Richmond Independent Conservative Re-admitted after being found not guilty of sexual assault.[173]
November 2020 Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai Labour Independent Resigned over antisemitism within the Labour Party.[174]
October 2021 Margaret Ritchie, Baroness Ritchie of Downpatrick Independent Labour Joined Labour.[175]
November 2022 Michelle Mone, Baroness Mone Conservative Independent Whip removed over PPE contracts controversy.[176]
December 2022 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury Conservative Independent Whip removed after being found to have lobbied for pay for companies during the COVID-19 pandemic against parliamentary rules.[177]
Mary Goudie, Baroness Goudie Labour Independent Whip removed following committee report finding her to have been guilty of agreeing to provide parliamentary advice in return for payment.[177]
July 2023 Mary Goudie, Baroness Goudie Independent Labour Readmitted after six month expulsion

Members of the European Parliament who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

1979–1984 Parliament

January 1984 Michael Gallagher Labour SDP Created new party

1994–1999 Parliament

June 1997 Ken Coates Labour Scottish Socialist Expelled from the Labour Party
Hugh Kerr Labour Scottish Socialist Expelled from the Labour Party
January 1998 James Moorhouse Conservative Liberal Democrats Joined the Lib Dems after being de-selected
March 1999 Brendan Donnelly Conservative Pro-Euro Conservative Created new party
John Stevens Conservative Pro-Euro Conservative Created new party
May 1999 Christine Oddy Labour Independent Expelled from the Labour Party[178]

1999–2004 Parliament

February 2000 Michael Holmes UKIP Independent Quit the party after power struggle with UKIP's National Executive Committee[179]
July 2000 Bill Newton Dunn Conservative Liberal Democrats Joined the Lib Dems
August 2002 Richard Balfe Labour Conservative Expelled from the Labour Party

2004–2009 Parliament

July 2004 Ashley Mote UKIP Independent Expelled from UKIP after being jailed for fraud[180]
January 2005 Robert Kilroy-Silk UKIP Veritas Created new party, and then went independent.
March 2007 Tom Wise UKIP Independent Expelled from UKIP (Pending fraud trial)
Jim Allister DUP TUV Created new party
November 2007 Sajjad Karim Liberal Democrats Conservative Joined the Conservatives[181]
June 2008 Den Dover Conservative Independent Expelled from the Conservatives for violating European Parliament expenses rules[182]

2009–2014 Parliament

September 2009 Edward McMillan-Scott Conservative Independent Expelled from the Conservatives[183]
January 2010 Nikki Sinclaire UKIP Independent Expelled from UKIP for "extreme views"[184]
March 2010 Edward McMillan-Scott Independent Liberal Democrats Joined the Lib Dems[185]
May 2011 David Campbell Bannerman UKIP Conservative Re-joined the Conservatives[186]
March 2012 Roger Helmer Conservative UKIP Joined UKIP[187]
October 2012 Andrew Brons BNP Independent Quit the party[188]
February 2013 Marta Andreasen UKIP Conservative Joined the Conservatives.[189]
September 2013 Mike Nattrass UKIP Independent Deselected by UKIP for the 2014 European election. He subsequently resigned from the party calling Farage's leadership "totalitarian"[190]
Godfrey Bloom UKIP Independent Whip withdrawn due to inappropriate comments[191]

2014–2019 Parliament

January 2015 Amjad Bashir UKIP Conservative Joined the Conservatives.[192]
March 2015 Janice Atkinson UKIP Independent Suspended and then later expelled from UKIP due to allegations of impropriety[193]
October 2016 Steven Woolfe UKIP Independent Quit the party[194]
November 2016 Diane James UKIP Independent Quit the party[195]
October 2017 Richard Ashworth Conservative Independent Suspended from party and whip withdrawn
Julie Girling Conservative Independent Suspended from party and whip withdrawn
January 2018 Jonathan Arnott UKIP Independent Quit the party, stating leader Henry Bolton "not the right person for the job"[196]
May 2018 James Carver UKIP Independent Quit the party over leader Gerard Batten's support for Tommy Robinson[197]
September 2018 William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth UKIP Independent Quit the party, labelling it "homophobic and anti-Islamic"[198]
October 2018 Bill Etheridge UKIP Libertarian Defected to the Libertarian Party.[199]
November 2018 Louise Bours UKIP Independent Quit the party[200]
Patrick O'Flynn UKIP SDP Joined the extant SDP.[201]
December 2018 Nigel Farage UKIP Independent Quit the party.[202]
Nathan Gill UKIP Independent Quit the party.[203]
David Coburn UKIP Independent Quit the party.[204]
Paul Nuttall UKIP Independent Quit the party.[205]
Tim Aker UKIP Thurrock Ind. Quit the party[205]
Julia Reid UKIP Independent Quit the party.[206]
Jonathan Bullock UKIP Independent Quit the party.[207]
November 2018 Diane James Independent Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party
David Coburn Independent Brexit Party
Nigel Farage Independent Brexit Party
Nathan Gill Independent Brexit Party
Julia Reid Independent Brexit Party
Tim Aker Thurrock Ind. Brexit Party
Jonathan Bullock Independent Brexit Party
Bill Etheridge Libertarian Brexit Party
Paul Nuttall Independent Brexit Party
April 2019 Jill Seymour UKIP Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party[208]
Jane Collins UKIP Brexit Party
Margot Parker UKIP Brexit Party
Jonathan Arnott Independent Brexit Party
Julie Girling Independent Change UK Joined new group[209]
Richard Ashworth Independent Change UK
Ray Finch UKIP Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party[210]
May 2019 Julie Girling Change UK Independent Voiced support for the Liberal Democrats in the 2019 European elections

2019–2024 Parliament

September 2019 Andrew England Kerr Brexit Party Independent Whip withdrawn for "irreconcilable differences regarding a likely conflict of interest" [211]
November 2019 Louis Stedman-Bryce Brexit Party Independent Resigned from the party
December 2019 Lucy Harris Brexit Party Conservative Joined the Conservative Party
Lance Forman Brexit Party Conservative
John Longworth Brexit Party Conservative
Annunziata Rees-Mogg Brexit Party Conservative

London Assembly Members who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

2004–2008 Assembly

September 2005 Damian Hockney UKIP One London First joined Veritas then created new party One London
Peter Hulme-Cross UKIP One London

2008–2012 Assembly

August 2010 Richard Barnbrook BNP Independent Expelled from the BNP[212]

2016–2021 Assembly

December 2018 Peter Whittle UKIP Independent Quit the party[213]
January 2020 David Kurten UKIP Independent Quit the party in order to run as an Independent in the 2020 London mayoral election[214]
September 2020 David Kurten Independent Heritage Formed own party

Members of the Senedd who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

1999–2003 Assembly

2000 Rod Richards Conservative Ind. Conservative[215] Whip withdrawn after abstaining on a budget vote[216]

2003–2007 Assembly

2005 Peter Law Labour Independent Left party in protest at the use of all-woman shortlists

2007–2011 Assembly

2009 Mohammad Asghar Plaid Cymru Conservative Explained that he was a "Unionist" and against Welsh independence
2010 Mick Bates Liberal Democrats Independent Suspended after it was discovered that he would be prosecuted for assault

2016–2021 Assembly/Senedd

2016 Nathan Gill UKIP Independent Left UKIP group to sit as an independent[217]
Dafydd Elis-Thomas Plaid Cymru Independent Left Plaid Cymru party to support the Labour minority government.
2017 Neil McEvoy Plaid Cymru Independent Suspended from party group[218]
Mark Reckless UKIP Conservative Left UKIP group to sit as an independent within the Conservative Group
Carl Sargeant Labour Independent Sargeant was suspended from Welsh Labour following allegations about his personal conduct.[219]
2018 Mandy Jones UKIP Independent Left UKIP group to sit as an independent after criticising Neil Hamilton[220]
Caroline Jones UKIP Independent Left UKIP group to sit as an independent, stating the party had moved "to a more far-right position"[221]
Jenny Rathbone Labour Independent Suspended over remarks about Jewish people.[222]
2019 Jenny Rathbone Independent Labour Re-admitted[223]
Michelle Brown UKIP Independent Left UKIP group to sit as an independent[224]
Mark Reckless Conservative Independent Left Conservative Group on 'good terms' to sit as an independent[225]
Caroline Jones Independent Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party[226]
Mandy Jones Independent Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party[227]
Mark Reckless Independent Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party
David Rowlands UKIP Brexit Party Joined the Brexit Party
Gareth Bennett UKIP Independent Quit the Party[228]
2020 Nick Ramsay Conservative Independent Arrested on 1 January 2020 and suspended from the Conservative group the following day.[229]
Neil McEvoy Independent Welsh National Party Formed the Welsh National Party
Gareth Bennett Independent Abolish Joined the Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party[230]
Nick Ramsay Independent Conservative Re-admitted[231]
Caroline Jones Brexit Party Independent Left the Brexit Party due to their anti-devolution stance[232]
Caroline Jones Independent Independent Formed a new group: Independent Alliance for Reform[233]
Mandy Jones Brexit Party Independent
David Rowlands Brexit Party Independent
Mark Reckless Brexit Party Abolish Joined the Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party[234]
2021 Alun Davies Labour Independent Suspended after allegedly being involved in alcohol drinking on the Senedd estate, that could have broken COVID restrictions.[235]
Independent Labour Re-admitted[236]
Nick Ramsay Conservative Independent Left the Conservative Group after being unhappy with the party's direction, and wanting to stand as an Independent in the Senedd election, after being deselected by the local group.[237]

2021–2026 Senedd

2022 Rhys ab Owen Plaid Cymru Independent Suspended on 8 November 2022 pending an investigation by the Senedd's standards watchdog over an alleged breach of the code of conduct.[238]

Members of the Scottish Parliament who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

1999–2003 Parliament

2002 Dorothy-Grace Elder SNP Independent Resigned over disagreement over how the party was run[239]
2003 Margo MacDonald SNP Independent Ranked low on the party list for re-election so stood as an independent and was expelled from party; re-elected as an independent

2003–2007 Parliament

2004 Campbell Martin SNP Independent Expelled from party and stood as an independent
2005 Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie Labour Independent Expelled from the Party after causing a fire and resigned[240]
Brian Monteith Conservative Independent Had whip withdrawn over misconduct
2006 Rosemary Byrne Scottish Socialist Solidarity Created new Party Solidarity
Tommy Sheridan Scottish Socialist Solidarity Created new Party Solidarity

2007–2011 Parliament

March 2011 Hugh O'Donnell Liberal Democrats Independent Quit party over its direction[241]

2011–2016 Parliament

April 2012 Bill Walker SNP Independent Expelled from the SNP for allegedly not declaring the allegations cited in his uncontested divorce proceedings during the MSP vetting process.[242]
October 2012 John Finnie SNP Independent Resigned over the party's decision to support NATO membership for an independent Scotland[243]
Jean Urquhart SNP Independent Resigned over the party's decision to support NATO membership for an independent Scotland[243]
September 2014 John Wilson SNP Independent Resigned over the party's decision to support NATO membership for an independent Scotland[243]
October 2014 John Finnie Independent Scottish Green Joined the Scottish Green Party, but continued to sit as an Independent MSP[244]
December 2014 John Wilson Independent Scottish Green Joined the Scottish Green Party, but continued to sit as an independent MSP[245]
September 2015 Jean Urquhart Independent RISE Joined the RISE, but continued to sit as an independent MSP[246]

2016–2021 Parliament

12 May 2016 Ken Macintosh Labour Presiding Officer Elected Presiding Officer and consequently had to renounce his party affiliation.[247][248]
15 November 2017 Alex Rowley Labour Independent Suspended by Labour due to allegations about his conduct.[249]
16 November 2017 Mark McDonald SNP Independent Suspended by SNP due to allegations about his conduct. Left the SNP on 6 March 2018.[250]
19 December 2017 Alex Rowley Independent Labour Reinstated by Labour[251]
February 2020 Derek Mackay SNP Independent Suspended by SNP for sending inappropriate messages to a 16-year-old boy[252]
24 November 2020 Michelle Ballantyne Conservative Independent Left the Conservative Party due to disagreements over policy relating to the Covid-19 pandemic.[253]
18 December 2020 Andy Wightman Scottish Green Independent Resigned over policy differences[254]
12 January 2021 Michelle Ballantyne Independent Reform UK Became Scots chief of what is now Reform UK[255] after the name change from Brexit Party

2021–2026 Parliament

13 May 2021 Alison Johnstone Scottish Green Presiding Officer Elected Presiding Officer.[256]
27 September 2023 Fergus Ewing SNP Independent Suspended for a week over rebellions against the government.[257]
28 October 2023 Ash Regan SNP Alba Defected to the Alba Party.[258]

Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

1998–2003 Assembly

1999 Cedric Wilson UK Unionist NI Unionist Disagreed with UKUP leader Robert McCartney, as they wanted to remain in the Assembly to challenge unionists in favour of the Belfast Agreement
Patrick Roche UK Unionist NI Unionist Disagreed with UKUP leader Robert McCartney, as they wanted to remain in the Assembly to challenge unionists in favour of the Belfast Agreement
Norman Boyd UK Unionist NI Unionist Disagreed with UKUP leader Robert McCartney, as they wanted to remain in the Assembly to challenge unionists in favour of the Belfast Agreement
Roger Hutchinson UK Unionist NI Unionist Disagreed with UKUP leader Robert McCartney, as they wanted to remain in the Assembly to challenge unionists in favour of the Belfast Agreement
NI Unionist Ind. Unionist Expelled for accepting seats on two statutory committees, against party policy.[259]
November

2000

Independent DUP Joined DUP[260]

2003–2007 Assembly

18 December 2003 Jeffrey Donaldson Ulster Unionist DUP Disagreements over the Good Friday Agreement negotiations and the position taken by party leader David Trimble[261]
Norah Beare Ulster Unionist DUP
Arlene Foster Ulster Unionist DUP
23 November 2005 Francie Molloy Sinn Féin Independent Suspended from the party due to publicly disagreeing with the policy on local government reform.[262]
15 January 2007 Geraldine Dougan Sinn Féin Independent Resigned from party[263]
2 February 2007 Davy Hyland Sinn Féin Independent Resigned from party[263]
15 February 2007 Paul Berry DUP Independent Stood as an independent but was not elected[264]
18 February 2007 George Ennis DUP UK Unionist

2007–2011 Assembly

29 November 2007 Gerry McHugh Sinn Féin Fianna Fáil Believed that "Fianna Fáil was the right party to bring about change in Northern Ireland".
30 March 2010 Major Alan MacFarland Ulster Unionist Independent Disagreed with the UUP's electoral pact with the Conservative Party
3 June 2010 Dawn Purvis PUP Independent Disagreed with direction of party[265]
3 January 2011 David McClarty Ulster Unionist Independent Resigned after being de-selected[266]

2011–2016 Assembly

27 January 2012 David McNarry Ulster Unionist Independent Suspended from the UUP.[267]
4 October 2012 Independent UKIP Joined UKIP.[267]
14 February 2013 Basil McCrea Ulster Unionist NI21 Formed new party[268]
John McCallister Ulster Unionist NI21 Formed new party[269]
10 July 2014 NI21 Independent Response to allegations of impropriety against leader Basil McCrea[270]

2016–2017 Assembly

18 December 2016 Jonathan Bell DUP Independent Suspended from the DUP following fallout with party leader[271]

2017–2022 Assembly

18 May 2018 Jim Wells DUP Independent Suspending after attacking the leadership[272]
3 March 2020 Trevor Lunn Alliance Independent Quit Alliance due to an 'irreconcilable internal problem'[273]
1 July 2021 Alex Easton DUP Independent Resigned from the party[274]

Police and crime commissioners (PCCs) who have changed party affiliation

Date Member Before After Notes

2012–2016 Commissioners

2014 Olly Martins Labour Independent Suspended from the Labour Party and investigated by the Independent Police Complaints Commission after he disclosed confidential information about the death of a man in police custody.[275][276][277]

2016–2021 Commissioners

April 2019 Jane Kennedy Labour Independent Resigned from the Labour Party alleging anti-semitism.[278]

References

  1. ^ Hawkins, Angus. (2007–2008). The forgotten prime minister : the 14th Earl of Derby. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 157–160. ISBN 9780199204403. OCLC 141483725.
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Trevelyan, Sir George Otto" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255.
  3. ^ a b Jackson, Alvin (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish History. Oxford University Press. p. 52.
  4. ^ Debrett's peerage and baronetage : comprises information concerning the Royal family, the peerage, and baronetage. Kidd, Charles, 1952-, Williamson, David., Debrett, John, -1822., Debrett, John, -1822. London: Debrett's Peerage. 1990. ISBN 0312046405. OCLC 23477777.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ "Churchill Critiques: Changing Parties". The Churchill Project - Hillsdale College. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  6. ^ Halle, Kay. Irrepressible Churchill'. pp. 52–53.
  7. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1989). British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Aldershot, Hants, England: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 412. ISBN 0900178272. OCLC 20279326.
  8. ^ "Politics and the Miner." The Times [London, England] 13 May 1914: 5. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 2 March 2014.
  9. ^ Douglas, Roy (2005). Liberals : a history of the Liberal and Liberal Democrat Parties. London: Hambledon and London. ISBN 9780826443427. OCLC 319693875.
  10. ^ Who's who of British members of Parliament[publisher missing][year missing]
  11. ^ a b c d e Cross, J. A. (1 December 1967). "Withdrawal of the Conservative Party Whip". Parliamentary Affairs. 21 (6): 193. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  12. ^ Who's who 1984 : an annual biographical dictionary. London: Adam and Charles Black. 1984. ISBN 0713623853. OCLC 10915272.
  13. ^ "Sir Alfred Mond - Letter to Carmathen Liberals". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 26 January 1926.
  14. ^ The Derbyshire miners: a study in industrial and social history
  15. ^ Buchanan, Tom (19 April 2012). East wind : China and the British left, 1925–1976. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780191624490. OCLC 794175105.
  16. ^ a b c Duchess of Atholl, Katharine Marjory Ramsay Stewart-Murray (1958). Working Partnership: Being the Lives of John George, 8th Duke of Atholl and of his wife, Katherine Marjorie Ramsay. London: Barker. OCLC 732304738.
  17. ^ Wyburn-Powell, Alun. (2003). Clement Davies : a liberal biography. London: Politico's. ISBN 1902301978. OCLC 50099840.
  18. ^ Morgan, Kevin (2009). "Pritt, Denis Nowell (1887–1972)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31570. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  19. ^ Estorick, Eric (1949). Stafford Cripps. A biography. William Heinemann, London. p. 326.
  20. ^ The Times, Thursday, 16 September 1948; pg. 3; Issue 51178; col
  21. ^ Nottingham Evening Post, 7 December 1949, p. 6.
  22. ^ Gunter wrote to Chief whip Robert Mellish: "I should be less than human if I did not shrink from being kicked out by the middle-class intellectuals who now control the party. I will go out with some dignity and quietly, I just resign the whip." See "Intellectuals in control of Labour, Mr Gunter says", The Times, 17 February 1972, p. 2.
  23. ^ Horn, Geoff (11 January 2015). Crossing the floor: Reg Prentice and the crisis of British social democracy (paperback ed.). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-9991-5.
  24. ^ Times guide to the House of Commons : June 1983. Times (London, England). London: Times Books. 1983. ISBN 072300255X. OCLC 9832005.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  25. ^ "Mellish, Robert Joseph, Baron Mellish (1913–1998), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69859. Retrieved 17 July 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  26. ^ Nicholson, Emma. (1996). Secret society : inside-- and outside-- the Conservative Party. London: Indigo. ISBN 0575400722. OCLC 36331513.
  27. ^ "Gardiner threatens battle after deselection". The Independent. 31 January 1997. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  28. ^ "Paul Marsden: ' I have lost confidence in the Labour Government'". The Independent. 11 December 2001. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  29. ^ Yafai, Faisal al; Bowcott, Owen; White, Michael (11 December 2004). "Meet the DUP's new MP ... for Basingstoke". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  30. ^ Tempest, Matthew (23 October 2003). "Galloway expelled from Labour". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  31. ^ France, Anthony (26 February 2004). "Howard sacks MP for cockle tragedy joke". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  32. ^ "Cockler joke MP returns to Tories". 31 March 2004. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  33. ^ "MP Marsden defects back to Labour". 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  34. ^ Tempest, Matthew; Mulholland, Hélène (14 September 2006). "Short faces expulsion after calling for hung parliament". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  35. ^ "Conservative MP defects to Labour". 27 June 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  36. ^ "MP will not face assault charges". 20 October 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  37. ^ "Tory? UKIP? Now I'm just an inde says MP Bob | Echo". 15 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  38. ^ "MP Hermon quits Ulster Unionists". 25 March 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  39. ^ Siddique, Haroon; agencies (14 October 2010). "Labour withdraws whip from former minister facing police inquiry". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  40. ^ "MP Joyce is charged with assault". 24 February 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  41. ^ "MP's expenses: Denis MacShane resigns over false invoices". BBC News. BBC. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  42. ^ Mulholland, Helene (6 November 2012). "Tory party suspends Nadine Dorries | Politics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  43. ^ "Nadine Dorries reinstated as Conservative MP". BBC News. 8 May 2013.
  44. ^ Watt, Holly (31 May 2013). "Patrick Mercer resignation: Tory MP 'once said he loathed David Cameron'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  45. ^ "MP Hancock suspended by Lib Dems". 22 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  46. ^ Syal, Rajeev (18 July 2013). "Lib Dems withdraw party whip from MP David Ward over Israel comments | Politics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  47. ^ "Nigel Evans quits as First Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means amid sex charges". BBC News. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  48. ^ "Nigel Evans resigns as deputy speaker with emotional speech to MPs". The Guardian. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  49. ^ Watt, Nicholas (28 August 2014). "Tory MP Douglas Carswell defects to Ukip and forces byelection". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  50. ^ Malnick, Edward (27 September 2014). "Second Tory MP Mark Reckless joins Ukip". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  51. ^ a b "Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Jack Straw have whip withdrawn over 'sting'". BBC News. 23 February 2015.
  52. ^ "The SNP MP Michelle Thomson resigns the whip as police investigate her property deals". The New Statesman. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  53. ^ "Natalie McGarry withdraws from SNP whip over campaign fund probe". BBC News. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  54. ^ "Simon Danczuk suspended from Labour party after sending sexually explicit texts to teenager". The Independent. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  55. ^ Stewart, Heather (27 April 2016). "Naz Shah suspended by Labour party amid antisemitism row". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  56. ^ Elgot, Jessica (5 July 2016). "Labour antisemitism row: Naz Shah's suspension lifted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  57. ^ Khomami, Nadia (25 March 2017). "Ukip's only MP Douglas Carswell quits party". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  58. ^ "Tory MP suspended for racist remark". 10 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  59. ^ "MP Ivan Lewis suspended by Labour". 23 November 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  60. ^ Mason, Rowena (12 December 2017). "Tories restore whip to MP suspended for using racist language". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  61. ^ "Labour MP John Woodcock suspended from party after sexual harassment allegation". The Independent. 30 April 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  62. ^ Elgot, Jessica (3 July 2018). "Labour reinstates suspended MP Jared O'Mara". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  63. ^ "Reinstated MP quits Labour Party". 12 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  64. ^ "Labour Should Suspend Newly Elected Peterborough MP Over Anti-Semitism, Frank Field Says". LBC. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  65. ^ Syal, Rajeev (12 December 2018). "Tories reinstate MPs suspended over sex allegations for confidence vote". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  66. ^ "Anger as accused MPs get whip restored". 13 December 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  67. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (4 January 2019). "Labour confirms expulsion of convicted MP Fiona Onasanya". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  68. ^ "Seven MPs leave Labour Party in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership". BBC News. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  69. ^ "Labour MP Joan Ryan resigns from party to join Independent Group". The Independent. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  70. ^ "Latest MP to quit Labour 'ashamed' of party". 22 February 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  71. ^ Wright, Oliver (22 July 2019). "Philip Hammond: I'll quit rather than support Boris Johnson's no-deal exit". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  72. ^ "Former Labour and Change UK MP Chuka Umunna joins the Lib Dems". The Independent. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  73. ^ Walker, Peter (28 June 2019). "Chris Williamson is suspended again after Labour furore". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  74. ^ Elgot, Jessica (10 July 2019). "Change UK exiles rebrand again as the Independents". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  75. ^ "Tory MP Elphicke charged with sexual assault". 22 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  76. ^ "Ex-Tory MP Sarah Wollaston joins Lib Dems". 15 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  77. ^ "Boris Johnson loses majority as Tory MP Phillip Lee crosses floor to join Lib Dems". 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  78. ^ Brand, Paul [@PaulBrandITV] (3 September 2019). "BREAKING: Chief whip is speaking to Tory rebels right now to tell them they have lost the Conservative whip. Means they are also deselected as Tory candidates" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  79. ^ Walker, Peter (31 October 2019). "Tory rebel Antoinette Sandbach joins Lib Dems ahead of election". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  80. ^ "Axed SNP candidate elected to Westminster". BBC News. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  81. ^ "MP arrested on suspicion of assault". BBC News. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  82. ^ Smith, Craig. "Fife MP 'welcomed back' into SNP after six-month suspension". The Courier. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  83. ^ Allegretti, Aubrey (15 July 2020). "Dr Julian Lewis has Tory whip removed after running against PM's security committee chair pick". Sky News. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  84. ^ "Claudia Webbe: Leicester MP charged with harassment". BBC News. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  85. ^ Weaver, Matthew; Brooks, Libby (1 October 2020). "SNP MP Margaret Ferrier suspended for taking train after positive Covid test". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  86. ^ "Jeremy Corbyn suspended from Labour party". Sky News. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  87. ^ "Keir Starmer denies Jeremy Corbyn Labour whip despite end of suspension". The Guardian. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Kenny MacAskill leaves the SNP to join Alex Salmond's Alba Party". HeraldScotland.
  89. ^ Hughes, David (12 January 2022). "Tories remove whip from Anne Marie Morris over support for energy VAT cut motion". Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  90. ^ "Tory MP Christian Wakeford defects to Labour". BBC News. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  91. ^ "Labour MP Neil Coyle has whip suspended over allegations he made racist comments in Commons bar". Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  92. ^ Savage, Michael (2 April 2022). "Tories suspend David Warburton amid claims over sexual harassment and drug use". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  93. ^ "Neil Parish: MP accused of watching porn in Commons should be kicked out of Tory party if guilty, says minister". Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  94. ^ "Patrick Grady to step away from SNP membership over allegations". BBC News. 26 June 2022.
  95. ^ "Chris Pincher loses Tory whip over misconduct allegations". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  96. ^ "Tobias Ellwood suspended as Tory MP after missing confidence vote". Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  97. ^ "Labour suspends veteran MP after complaint". 7 September 2022.
  98. ^ "Rupa Huq apologises to Kwasi Kwarteng for 'ill-judged' comments". Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  99. ^ "Tory minister Conor Burns sacked with 'immediate effect' after complaint of serious misconduct". Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  100. ^ "Labour MP Christina Rees loses party whip after alleged bullying". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  101. ^ "Labour MP could lose seat after sexual misconduct findings upheld". Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  102. ^ "Matt Hancock loses Tory whip after reportedly signing up for I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!". Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  103. ^ "Conservatives remove whip from MP Julian Knight after complaint to Met". Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  104. ^ "Labour MP suspended from party pending investigation". BBC News. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  105. ^ "Andrew Bridgen suspended as Tory MP over Covid vaccine comments". BBC News. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  106. ^ "Tory MP Scott Benton has whip suspended after newspaper sting". Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  107. ^ "Diane Abbott has Labour whip suspended after 'hateful antisemitic' remarks suggesting Jews do not face racism". Sky News. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  108. ^ "Ex-Tory Andrew Bridgen joins Laurence Fox's Reclaim party". BBC News. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  109. ^ "Geraint Davies: Labour MP suspended over behaviour claims". Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  110. ^ "Shadow minister Bambos Charalambous suspended from Labour". Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  111. ^ "SNP MP Angus MacNeil suspended following clash with chief whip". Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  112. ^ "SNP MP Lisa Cameron defects to the Conservatives".
  113. ^ "Peter Bone suspended as Tory MP after bullying probe". Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  114. ^ "Tory MP Crispin Blunt arrested on suspicion of rape and possession of drugs". Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  115. ^ "Labour MP Andy McDonald suspended over 'between the river and the sea' speech". Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  116. ^ "MP Bob Stewart to stand down after racial abuse conviction". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  117. ^ "Andrew Bridgen: Ex-Tory MP quits Reclaim Party after seven months". BBC News. 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  118. ^ "Chris Skidmore resigns Conservative whip over Sunak's oil and gas licence plan". The Guardian. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  119. ^ "Labour suspends Kate Osamor over Gaza comments in Holocaust message". The Guardian. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  120. ^ "Christina Rees readmitted to Labour after apology over bullying claims". Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  121. ^ "Lee Anderson stripped of Tory whip over Sadiq Khan comments". Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  122. ^ "Lee Anderson joins Reform UK after losing Tory whip over Khan comments". Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  123. ^ "MP regains Labour whip after using contentious phrase". Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  124. ^ "Sir Jeffrey Donaldson resigns as DUP leader after sexual offence charges". Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  125. ^ "William Wragg resigns Tory whip after divulging MPs' phone numbers". Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  126. ^ "Bambos Charalambous back in Labour Party following investigation". Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  127. ^ Lefort, Rebecca (21 March 2010). "Four Labour MPs implicated in 'cash for influence' scandal". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  128. ^ Curtis, Polly (5 November 2010). "Phil Woolas immigration leaflets case: high court orders election rerun in Oldham East". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  129. ^ Laughton, John Knox, "Keppel Augustus", Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, vol. 31, retrieved 17 July 2019
  130. ^ Smith, E. A. (1975). Whig principles and party politics: Earl Fitzwilliam and the Whig party, 1748–1833. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 151–154. ISBN 0874716802. OCLC 1176094.
  131. ^ Dod, Charles (1841). The Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Whittaker and Co. p. 92. ISBN 9781344095730.
  132. ^ Trevor-Roper, Hugh (30 May 2015). The Wartime Journals - Hugh Trevor-Roper. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781784531935. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  133. ^ "Robert Skidelsky - Biography". 9 October 2008. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  134. ^ "Lady Strange". The Times. 21 March 2005. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  135. ^ "Baroness Young of Old Scone". UK Parliament. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  136. ^ "Rebel Tory peers harden support for UKIP". The Times. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  137. ^ "Ex-UKIP leader to stand as Tory MP for Thanet South". BBC News. 6 July 2014. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  138. ^ "Senior Ukip members claim party's MP helped Tories beat Nigel Farage UK Independence party (Ukip)". The Guardian. 23 August 2016.
  139. ^ "MSP denies fire-raising charges". 23 August 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  140. ^ "Conrad Black convicted of fraud". 13 July 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  141. ^ "Welcome to the website of David Trimble MLA". 3 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  142. ^ "Profile: On the Level with Baroness Flather". OBV. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  143. ^ Watt, Nicholas (29 February 2012). "Lady Tonge resigns Lib Dem party whip over Israel remarks". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  144. ^ "Baroness Tonge Resigns Liberal Democrat whipin Lords After Israel Jibe". Huffington Post UK. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  145. ^ "Peer suspended after bounty claim". BBC News. BBC. 15 April 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  146. ^ "Labour lifts Lord Ahmed's suspension". BBC News. BBC. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  147. ^ Maginnis quits UUP, tells Nesbitt to resign Archived 1 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Newsletter, 28 August 2012
  148. ^ "Former Conservative peer Lord Stevens to join UK Independence Party". BBC News. BBC. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  149. ^ Press Association (14 March 2013). "Labour suspends Lord Ahmed over alleged Jewish conspiracy comments". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  150. ^ "Lord Rennard: Peer suspended after apology row". BBC News Online. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  151. ^ "Lord Strasburger resigns from Lib Dems over donor allegations". BBC News. 21 March 2015.
  152. ^ Drake, Matthew (21 March 2015). "Liberal Democrat peer Qurban Hussain investigated after admitting smuggling Pakistani boy into UK". Mirror. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  153. ^ Gayle, Damien; Wintour, Patrick (11 May 2015). "Alan Sugar resigns from Labour party over 'shift to left'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  154. ^ "Drugs claim peer resigns from Lords". 28 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  155. ^ "Tory minister Ros Altmann expelled from Labour party". The Guardian. 8 September 2015.
  156. ^ "Theresa May hit by first ministerial resignation". The Independent. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  157. ^ "Jewish Peer Resigns as Jeremy Corbyn Re-elected Labour Leader". The JC. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  158. ^ "Former Welsh Lib Dem leader Lord Carlile quits party". BBC News. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  159. ^ Walker, Peter (12 November 2018). "Lib Dem peer Lord Lester suspended over sexual harassment". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  160. ^ "EXCL Ukip down to one peer in House of Lords after fresh resignation over Tommy Robinson tie-update=2018-12-13". Politics Home. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  161. ^ "David Steel suspended from Lib Dems over Cyril Smith revelation". The Guardian. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  162. ^ "Lib Dems reinstate Lord Steel after probe". 14 May 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  163. ^ "Lord Heseltine has Tory whip suspended for saying he'll vote Lib Dem". The Independent. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  164. ^ "Michael Cashman 'resigns' from Labour to vote for Lib Dems". Evening Standard. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  165. ^ "Labour peer Lord Moonie quits party in row over transgender rights". The Independent. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  166. ^ "Lord Holmes: Paralympic champion and Tory peer charged with hotel sex assault | UK News | Sky News". 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  167. ^ Watt, Matt Harris and Nicholas (9 July 2019). "Three Labour peers resign whip over 'anti-Semitism'". Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  168. ^ Mason, Rowena (9 July 2019). "Three Labour peers quit over handling of antisemitism cases". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  169. ^ "Labour peer suspended over sexual harassment and transphobia | House of Lords". The Guardian. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  170. ^ "Labour peer suspended after 'stalkerish behaviour'". BBC News. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  171. ^ Merrick, Rob (25 February 2020). "Lib Dem peer David Steel resigns after damning report attacks 'inaction' over child sex abuse claims". The Independent. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  172. ^ Courea, Eleni (19 June 2020). "Antisemitism clean-up lures peers back to Labour". The Times. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  173. ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Holmes of Richmond - MPs and Lords - UK Parliament". members.parliament.uk.
  174. ^ Mendel, Jack (23 November 2020). "Labour peer resigns membership of 49 years over antisemitism". Jewish News. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  175. ^ "Baroness Ritchie of Downpatrick". Flavible Politics. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  176. ^ "Baroness Michelle Mone loses Conservative whip amid PPE contracts controversy". Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  177. ^ a b "Earl of Shrewsbury faces suspension from Lords over lobbying claims". BBC News. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  178. ^ "'You're expelled' twist in Oddy row. – Free Online Library". The Free Library. 14 May 1999. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  179. ^ "UKIP votes leaders out". BBC News. 18 September 2003. Archived from the original on 18 September 2003. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  180. ^ "Ex-UKIP MEP jailed for £500k fraud". 13 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  181. ^ "Sajjad KARIM". European Parliament. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  182. ^ Watt, Nicholas (12 November 2008). "David Cameron expels Tory MEP Den Dover for breaking European expenses rules". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  183. ^ Waterfield, Bruno (14 July 2009). "Tory MEP Edward McMillan-Scott expelled after poll rebellion". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  184. ^ "Rebel Euro MP is expelled by UKIP". 4 March 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  185. ^ "Ex-Tory Euro MP joining Lib Dems". 12 March 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  186. ^ "David CAMPBELL BANNERMAN". European Parliament. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  187. ^ "]Conservative MEP Roger Helmer joins UKIP". BBC News. BBC. 3 March 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  188. ^ "Euro MP Andrew Brons 'no longer' BNP member". BBC News. BBC. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  189. ^ "UKIP MEP defects to Conservatives". 22 February 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  190. ^ "Deselected UKIP MEP quits party". 12 September 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  191. ^ Mason, Rowena (20 September 2013). "Ukip's Godfrey Bloom has whip removed after 'sluts' remark". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  192. ^ Hughes, David (26 May 2019). "Who's my MEP? The full list of UK representatives in the EU prior to the European elections". i. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  193. ^ "UKIP's Atkinson expelled from party". 23 March 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  194. ^ Chaplain, Chloe (20 February 2019). "Tories tell ex-UKIP MEP Steven Woolfe they won't let him challenge Anna Soubry as a Conservative". i. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  195. ^ Mason, Rowena (21 November 2016). "Diane James quits Ukip, saying relations soured after she quit as leader". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  196. ^ "UKIP MEP quits party over leadership". 19 January 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  197. ^ "UKIP MEP James Carver quits over leader's support for Tommy Robinson". Sky News. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  198. ^ Channon, Max (26 September 2018). "MEP quits 'homophobic and anti-Islamic' UKIP". devonlive. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  199. ^ Bagdi, Annabal. "Bill Etheridge joins Libertarian Party days after UKIP exit". Express & Star.
  200. ^ James, Luke (27 November 2018). "UKIP has now lost 10 MEPs after Bours quietly left party". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  201. ^ Walker, Peter (27 November 2018). "Third Ukip MEP quits over party's courtship of Tommy Robinson". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  202. ^ "Former leader Nigel Farage quits UKIP". BBC News. 4 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  203. ^ Gill, Nathan [@NathanGillMEP] (6 December 2018). "I have not left UKIP, UKIP has left me. It is with regret and sadness that today I am resigning from UKIP" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 December 2018 – via Twitter.
  204. ^ Andrews, Kieran (7 December 2018). "Ukip's Scottish leader David Coburn quits over lurch to right". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  205. ^ a b "Ex-UKIP leader Paul Nuttall quits party over Tommy Robinson role". Sky News. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  206. ^ "Dr Julia Reid MEP resigns from UKIP over the current direction of the party". Dr Julia Reid MEP. 8 December 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  207. ^ Guido Fawkes [@GuidoFawkes] (9 December 2018). "#UQUIT Jonathan Bullock MEP, UKIP's highly regarded Energy spokesman, resigns, calls on traditional members of UKIP to either force Gerard Batten out of the leadership or resign themselves from the party" (Tweet). Retrieved 9 December 2018 – via Twitter.
  208. ^ "Ukip MEPs quit to join Farage's new Brexit Party". Shropshire Star. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  209. ^ "Change UK party approved for European elections". BBC News. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  210. ^ "Raymond FINCH". European Parliament. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  211. ^ "Brexit Party MEP has whip withdrawn over 'likely conflict of interest'". The Independent. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  212. ^ Gable, Sonia. "Former BNP candidate takes college to court for firing him". Searchlight. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  213. ^ Whittle, Peter [@prwhittle] (7 December 2018). "I have today resigned from UKIP. My letter of resignation can be read here" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 December 2018 – via Twitter.
  214. ^ "Brexit assembly member launches mayoral bid". Harrow Times. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  215. ^ Staff reporter (23 June 2000). "Rod Richards cleared of assault". BBC News. Retrieved 6 June 2013. He has remained an independent Conservative member of the assembly for north Wales.
  216. ^ Staff reporter (8 February 2000). "Tory AM's 'conspiracy' claim". BBC News. Retrieved 6 June 2013. Mr Richards made his bitter attack on Nick Bourne after his fellow Tory AMs withdrew the party whip from him – excluding him from the Assembly's Conservative group.
  217. ^ "Former UKIP Wales leader Gill quits party". 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  218. ^ "Neil McEvoy expelled from Plaid group". 16 January 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  219. ^ "Welsh government minister resigns after being suspended over "shocking and distressing" allegations". The Independent. 3 November 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  220. ^ "UKIP suspends AM after Hamilton remarks". 18 June 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  221. ^ Deans, David (12 September 2018). "UKIP AM quits party over 'far-right move'". Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  222. ^ "Labour's Jenny Rathbone suspended over Jewish comments". BBC News. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  223. ^ "'Offensive' Jewish remarks AM Jenny Rathbone re-admitted to party group". BBC News. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  224. ^ Shipton, Martin (26 March 2019). "Ukip AM resigns with blistering attack on Tommy Robinson". walesonline. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  225. ^ "Brexit: Mark Reckless leaves Tory group in Cardiff Bay". BBC News. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  226. ^ "Brexit Party AM says people shouldn't feel embarrassed for being conned". Deeside.com. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  227. ^ "New AM does not want to be in UKIP group". 10 January 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  228. ^ "UKIP down to one AM, as Gareth Bennett quits the party". BBC News. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  229. ^ "Welsh Tory Nick Ramsay suspended after 'police incident'". BBC News. 2 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  230. ^ "NEx-UKIP Senedd leader Gareth Bennett joins anti-devolution party". Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  231. ^ "Tory Senedd member Nick Ramsay allowed back into party". BBC News. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  232. ^ "Brexit Party politician Caroline Jones quits Welsh Parliament group". BBC News. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  233. ^ "Brexit Party members of Welsh Parliament join new Senedd group". BBC News. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  234. ^ "Mark Reckless quits Brexit Party to joins Senedd abolition party". Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  235. ^ Masters, Adrian (19 January 2021). "Tory leader apologises after claims of alleged Covid breach in Welsh parliament". ITV News. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  236. ^ "Covid: Politician suspended in booze row back in Senedd Labour group". BBC News. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  237. ^ "Wales election: Nick Ramsay leaves Welsh Tories to stand as independent". BBC News. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  238. ^ "Plaid Cymru Senedd member Rhys ab Owen suspended from party group". 8 November 2022 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  239. ^ "MSP quits nationalists". 2 May 2002. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  240. ^ "Labour blasted after firebug peer Mike Watson is welcomed back into party seven years after hotel blaze". Daily Record. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  241. ^ "Scots Lib Dem candidate resigns". 27 March 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  242. ^ "MSP expelled from SNP over claims". 8 April 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  243. ^ a b c "MSPs John Finnie and Jean Urquhart quit SNP over Nato policy". BBC News. 23 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  244. ^ "Former SNP MSP Finnie joins Greens". 11 October 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  245. ^ "Former SNP MSP John Wilson joins Green Party". The Scotsman. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  246. ^ "Ex-SNP MSP to draw up RISE manifesto". BBC News. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  247. ^ "Ken Macintosh chosen as Holyrood presiding officer". BBC News. BBC. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  248. ^ Brooks, Libby (12 May 2016). "Ken Macintosh elected as presiding officer of Scottish parliament". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  249. ^ Brooks, Libby (15 November 2017). "Scottish Labour suspends Alex Rowley over harassment claims". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  250. ^ "MSP faces month suspension over harassment". 21 June 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  251. ^ "Leonard unveils Labour front bench team". 19 December 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  252. ^ "Derek Mackay suspended by SNP". Holyrood Website. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  253. ^ "MSP Michelle Ballantyne quits Scottish Tories". BBC News. BBC. 24 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  254. ^ "Resignation from the Scottish Green Party". Andy Wightman MSP. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  255. ^ "Lockdown sceptic Michelle Ballantyne becomes Reform Party Scots chief". The National. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  256. ^ "Scottish Greens MSP Alison Johnstone to be new presiding officer". BBC News. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  257. ^ "Veteran MSP Fergus Ewing suspended from SNP over rebellions". Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  258. ^ "Former SNP leadership candidate Ash Regan defects to Alba party". Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  259. ^ "CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations - 'N'". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  260. ^ "Newtownabbey Council Elections 1993-2011". Elections – Northern Ireland ELECTIONS. Ark. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  261. ^ "Paisley pledges to play 'positive role' in North". Irish Examiner. 2 December 2003. Archived from the original on 30 November 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  262. ^ "Veteran republican suspended from Sinn Féin". Irish Examiner. 22 November 2005. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  263. ^ a b "Sinn Fein: Where next for the party in the North?". Slugger O'Toole. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  264. ^ "Ex-DUP man fails in Stormont bid". 8 March 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  265. ^ "Purvis quits PUP over shooting". 3 June 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  266. ^ Clarke, Liam (23 March 2012). "David McClarty may return to UUP if Mike Nesbitt elected leader". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  267. ^ a b "Strangford MLA David McNarry joins UK Independence Party". BBC News. BBC. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  268. ^ "Basil McCrea 'to quit politics'". 15 March 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  269. ^ "Police swoop on home of NI21 co-founder John McCallister in fraud probe". Belfast Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  270. ^ Gordon, Gareth (3 July 2014). "John McCallister confirms NI21 exit". Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  271. ^ "Jonathan Bell suspended from DUP". 18 December 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  272. ^ Gordon, Gareth (9 May 2018). "Former DUP Health Minister Jim Wells loses party whip". BBC News. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  273. ^ "Trevor Lunn quits Alliance over 'irreconcilable problem'". belfasttelegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  274. ^ "Alex Easton: DUP MLA quits hours after Donaldson ratified as leader". BBC News. July 2021.
  275. ^ "Bedfordshire PCC Olly Martins: No further actions says CPS". BBC News. BBC. 17 September 2014.
  276. ^ "Bedfordshire crime commissioner suspended from Labour party". The Guardian. 27 August 2014.
  277. ^ "Mersey MP's former advisor could face criminal charges over leak of information about police case to partner". liverpoolecho.co.uk. 28 August 2014.
  278. ^ "PCC quits Labour over 'abuse' in party". 18 March 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.

Bibliography

  • David Butler and Gareth Butler, Twentieth Century British Political Facts (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_elected_British_politicians_who_have_changed_party_affiliation&oldid=1218798120"