Leslie Parrish

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Leslie Parrish
Leslie Parrish (c. 1962)
Born
Marjorie Hellen[1]

(1935-03-13) March 13, 1935 (age 89)[2]
Melrose, Massachusetts, U.S.
Alma materPhiladelphia Conservatory of Music
Occupations
  • Actress
  • activist
  • writer
  • producer
Years active1955–1978
Known forThe Manchurian Candidate
The Giant Spider Invasion
Batman
Who Mourns for Adonais?
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1955; div. 1961)​
​
​
(m. 1981; div. 1999)​

Leslie Parrish (born Marjorie Hellen; March 13, 1935)[2] is an American actress, activist, environmentalist, writer, and producer. She worked under her birth name for six years, changing it in 1959.

Early life

As a child, Parrish lived in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. At the age of 10, her family finally settled in Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania. At the age of 14, Parrish was a talented and promising piano and composition student at the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music.[3] At the age of 16, Parrish earned money for her tuition by working as a maid and a waitress, and by teaching piano. At the age of 18, to earn enough money to be able to continue her education at the Conservatory, her mother persuaded her to become a model for one year.[4][3]

Modeling and acting

In April 1954, as a 19-year-old model with the Conover Agency in New York City, Parrish was under contract to NBC-TV as "Miss Color TV" (she was used during broadcasts as a human test pattern to check accuracy of skin tones).[5][3] She was quickly discovered and signed with Twentieth Century Fox in Hollywood. In 1956, she was put under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[6] Because acting allowed her to help her family financially,[7] she remained in Hollywood and gave up her career in music.

Films and television

With Ralph Taeger in Acapulco (1961)

Parrish co-starred/guest-starred in numerous films and television shows throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She gained wide attention in her first starring role as Daisy Mae in the movie version of Li'l Abner (1959), where she changed her name from Marjorie Hellen to Leslie Parrish at the director's request.[8] She appeared in the film The Manchurian Candidate (1962), playing Laurence Harvey's on-screen fiancée, Jocelyn Jordan. Other film credits include starring opposite Kirk Douglas in For Love or Money (1963) and Jerry Lewis in Three on a Couch (1966), among others.[9]

Parrish amassed an extensive résumé of television credits.[9] Among many other credits, Parrish appeared in guest starring roles on episodes of The Wild Wild West, My Three Sons, Perry Mason, Family Affair, Bat Masterson, The Man From U.N.C.L.E., Adam-12, Good Morning World, Police Story, Batman and McCloud.[9] In 1967, she guest-starred on the Star Trek episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?", portraying Lt. Carolyn Palamas, the love interest of the character Apollo.[10][9] In February 1968, she played opposite Peter Breck in the episode "A Bounty on a Barkley" of The Big Valley.[9] The following month, Parrish made her first guest appearance on Mannix in the episode "The Girl in the Frame".[11][12]

Parrish served as associate producer on the film version of Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1973). Among other things, she hired the director of photography Jack Couffer – who later received an Academy Award nomination for his efforts – and she was responsible for the care of the film's real-life seagulls, which she kept inside a room at a Holiday Inn in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California for the duration of the shoot. When the relationship between author Richard Bach and director Hall Bartlett disintegrated and a lawsuit followed, Parrish was appointed as the mediator between the two men, but the meditation failed. Ultimately, the film was released in theaters with Bach's name taken off the screenwriting credits, while Bartlett demoted Parrish's credit in the finished film from associate producer to researcher.[13]

In 1975, Parrish appeared in the low budget B-Movie The Giant Spider Invasion which is now regarded as a cult film.[citation needed]

While acting provided financial stability, her main interest was in social causes including the anti-war and civil rights movements[14] and, as far back as the mid 1950s, the environment.

Political activism

Parrish's interests and activities in social movements and politics grew to become her main work. She was a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War, a member of the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, a group of notable women who fought against the war and for civil rights.[15] In June 1967, the then-32-year-old Parrish participated in a peace march in the Century City district of Los Angeles, where she and thousands of other protestors were attacked and beaten by the LAPD and the National Guard. President Lyndon Johnson was present at the Century Plaza Hotel and helicopters were flying overhead with machine guns pointed at the marchers.[16][17]

Parrish started to make speeches in the Los Angeles area, telling residents what the media did not report and speaking out against the war. Impressed with her speaking abilities, several professors from UCLA aligned with the anti-war movement asked her to organize more like-minded actors and actresses who would be willing to speak out.[18] Two weeks later, Parrish had created "STOP!" (Speakers and Talent Organized for Peace), an organization of two dozen members ready to engage the public.[19][20] Shortly thereafter, the organization grew to 125 speakers, and many more subsequently.[18]

On August 6, 1967, Parrish helped organize a protest march of 17,000 people on the "Miracle Mile" of Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, which received extensive media coverage and national attention. She also created a popular bumper sticker: 'Suppose they gave a war and no one came'.[21][22][23] Parrish and her friends distributed hundreds of them from their vehicles. Walter Cronkite reported that Robert F. Kennedy had one in his plane. Someone later published the bumper sticker, changing the original wording to 'WHAT IF they gave a war and no one came' but to Parrish, the important thing was spreading that message.

In October 1967, a private meeting was arranged between Parrish and Kennedy by mutual friend and well-known Kennedy photographer, Stanley Tretick.[24][25] She begged Kennedy to run for president, telling him that huge, influential organizations opposed to the war in Vietnam were ready to support him were he to run. Kennedy refused again and again, saying he could not oppose Lyndon Johnson, a sitting president.[26][27] On November 30, Eugene McCarthy, a little-known senator, declared he would run against the war and challenge Johnson. Parrish was elected chair of his speaker's bureau and utilized STOP! to develop support for McCarthy.[26] On March 16, 1968, when Kennedy announced that he would run for president, Parrish remained loyal to McCarthy and was elected a delegate to represent him in August at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.[28]

On April 4, 1968, Parrish and Leonard Nimoy (who was a STOP! member and supporter of Eugene McCarthy) flew to San Francisco to open McCarthy's new headquarters there. After they left, they learned of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Nimoy and Parrish cried during the speeches they gave that evening.

On June 6, Kennedy was assassinated on the night he won the California and South Dakota primaries. In August, during the Chicago Democratic Convention, McCarthy delegates, including Parrish, spent little time on the convention floor, as Hubert Humphrey had already collected the most delegates through the closed caucus and convention systems in place (in those days) in 40 of the 50 states. On the night of the nomination, August 28, Parrish joined the McCarthy delegates outside the Hilton Hotel, where violent actions by police against anti-war demonstrators and spectators were being covered by live television.[29][30]

While still in Chicago, the peace movement began working toward the 1972 election, hoping to elect George McGovern. Parrish served as a McGovern delegate at the 1972 Democratic Convention in Miami, Florida.[31][32] McGovern lost to Richard Nixon.[33]

During this era of political activism, Parrish worked in numerous political campaigns (presidential, gubernatorial, senatorial, congressional, mayoral) and with many different organizations, producing public events and fundraisers for them. Her last major production was the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam(MOBE), held November 16, 1969 at San Francisco's Polo Grounds.[34]

Los Angeles municipal government

In 1969, Parrish joined many in an effort to remove Los Angeles mayor Sam Yorty from office. She supported and campaigned for a former police lieutenant named Tom Bradley, who was then the city's first black city councilman. Despite high polling numbers prior to the election, Bradley lost to Yorty, giving rise to what was later known as "The Bradley Effect."[35] Next day, he decided to run again, and over the next four years Parrish worked with him closely to help secure his victory in the next mayoral election. In 1973, Bradley became Los Angeles's first black mayor. Parrish was one of forty activist citizens who served on Bradley's Blue Ribbon Commission to choose new Los Angeles Commissioners.[36] Parrish and Tom Bradley remained friends for many years.

Creator of innovative television

The lack of media coverage during the Century City riots in 1967 prompted Parrish to think of a new way to cover such events live to prevent suppression and/or manipulation of the news. In 1969, she began to create a television station that would devote itself to covering public events and provide in-depth analysis and discussions of important developments in the world. In 1974, KVST-TV[37] (Viewer Sponsored Television, Channel 68, Los Angeles) went on the air as part of the PBS system of stations. Film notables, business people and local activists formed the board of directors and provided support for the unique station. After a difficult start, KVST was receiving positive reviews in Los Angeles and nationwide attention. However, by 1976, internal dissension on the board of directors led to the demise of the station;[38] the signal was turned off and the licence turned in.[39]

Environmental activism

Parrish's concern for the environment dates back to the 1950s when Los Angeles’ severe smog, and the reason for it, worried her. In 1979, she and her then-husband, Richard Bach, built an experimental home in southwest Oregon using 100% solar power with no cooling or heating systems, in order to prove it could be done.[citation needed]

While living in Oregon, Parrish saw devastated forests managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and decided to protest a local timber sale.[40] With two neighbors, she and Bach established an organization called "Threatened and Endangered: Little Applegate Valley" (TELAV). They worked for two years researching and writing a 600-page legal and scientific protest of BLM's logging of forests which would not regenerate, which was illegal.[41][42][43] The BLM assistant state director eventually agreed, telling the Medford Mail Tribune that ..."The sale involves enough improprieties in BLM rules and procedures that it can’t be legally awarded. In order to comply with our own procedures we had no choice but to withdraw the sale and reject all bids." The TELAV protest document served as the basis for many future timber sale protests in the U.S. and Canada. TELAV continues to fight for the environment to this day and the Little Applegate Valley has never been logged.[44]

In 1999, Parrish created a 240-acre (97 ha) wildlife sanctuary on Orcas Island (in the San Juan Islands, Washington State) to save it from normal development techniques which include logging. She named it the "Spring Hill Wildlife Sanctuary".[45] For seventeen years, she carefully developed the ridge-top property by creating nearly a dozen small, hidden home sites on 25% of the land while preserving the remainder in perpetuity within the San Juan Preservation Trust. While the property is now fully developed there are no breaks in the heavily forested ridge line. The developed land is invisible from the island community and the forest is intact.[citation needed]

Marriages

Parrish married songwriter Ric Marlow in 1955; the couple divorced in 1961.[46] In 1981, she married Richard Bach,[47][48] the author of the 1970 book Jonathan Livingston Seagull, whom she met during the making of the 1973 movie of the same name. She was a major element in two of his subsequent books—The Bridge Across Forever (1984) and One (1988)—which primarily focused on their relationship and Bach's concept of soulmates.[49][46] They divorced in 1999.

Film credits

Year Title Role
1955 The Virgin Queen Anne*
1955 A Man Called Peter Newlywed*
1955 Daddy Long Legs College Girl*
1955 How to Be Very, Very Popular Girl On Bus*
1955 The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing Florodora Girl*
1956 The Lieutenant Wore Skirts Tipsy Girl At Party*
1956 The Power and the Prize Telephone Operator*
1957 Hot Summer Night Hazel*
1957 Man on Fire Honey*
1958 Missile to the Moon Moon Girl
1958 Tank Battalion Lt. Alice Brent*
1959 Li'l Abner Daisy Mae
1961 Portrait of a Mobster Iris Murphy
1962 The Manchurian Candidate Jocelyn Jordan
1963 For Love or Money Jan Brasher
1964 Sex and the Single Girl Susan
1966 Three on a Couch Mary Lou Mauve
1968 The Money Jungle Treva Saint
1969 The Candy Man Julie Evans
1969 The Devil's 8 Cissy
1970 Brother, Cry for Me (aka: Boca Affair) Jenny Noble
1971 D.A.: Conspiracy to Kill Ramona Bertrand
1971 Banyon Ruth Sprague
1975 The Giant Spider Invasion Ev
1976 The Astral Factor (aka: Invisible Strangler) Colleen Hudson
1977 Crash Kathy Logan

* credited as Marjorie Hellen

Television credits

General television credits

Airdate Series title Episode title Role
January 3, 1959 Steve Canyon "Operation Big Thunder" Jo
February 29, 1959 77 Sunset Strip "Lovely Alibi" Jodie (uncredited)
1959 Bold Venture — unknown
May 21, 1959 The Rough Riders "Deadfall" Cleopatra
April 12, 1960 Tightrope "Gangsters Daughter" Theresa
April 30, 1960 Perry Mason "The Case of the Madcap Modiste" Hope Sutherland
June 2, 1960 Bat Masterson "The Elusive Baguette" Lucy Carter
September 21, 1960 The Aquanauts "Collision" Jill Talley
October 22, 1960 The Roaring 20s "Champagne Lady" Bubbles LaPeer
December 15, 1960 Bat Masterson "A Time to Die" Lisa Anders
December 21, 1960 Hawaiian Eye "Services Rendered" Marcella
December 23, 1960 Michael Shayne "Death Selects the Winner" Ellen Cook
January 27, 1961 77 Sunset Strip "The Positive Negative" Amanda Sant
April 3, 1961 Acapulco "Fisher's Daughter" unknown
April 17, 1961 Surfside 6 "Circumstantial Evidence" Sunny Golden
April 18, 1961 The Jim Backus Show (aka: Hot off the Wire) "The Plant" unknown
June 28, 1961 Bringing Up Buddy "The Couple Next Door" unknown
September 16, 1961 Perry Mason "The Case of the Impatient Partner" Vivien Ames
October 22, 1961 Follow the Sun "Busmans Holiday" Tiffany Caldwell
November 6, 1961 Surfside 6 "The Affairs at Hotel Delight" Lavender
November 25, 1961 Perry Mason "The Case of the Left-Handed Liar" Veronica Temple
January 9, 1962 Bachelor Father "Kelly and the Yes Man" Kim Fontaine
February 14, 1962 Hawaiian Eye "Four-Cornered Triangle" Kathy Marsh
February 27, 1962 Ichabod and Me "Bob's Housekeeper" Lily Fontain
February 21, 1963 Alcoa Premiere "Chain Reaction" Vicki
December 4, 1963 Channing "A Dolls House with Pom Pom and Trophies" Joyce Ruskin
March 28, 1964 The Lieutenant "Operation Actress" Toni Kaine
November 12, 1964 Kraft Suspense Theatre "The Kamchatka Incident" Susan King
November 21, 1964 Kentucky Jones "The Sour Note" Miss Patterson
November 27, 1964 The Reporter "Murder by Scandal" Ruth Killiam
October 1, 1965 The Wild Wild West "The Night the Wizard Shook the Earth" Greta Lundquist
December 4, 1965 Insight "Fire Within" Joanne
January 20, 1966 Batman "The Penguin's a Jinx" Dawn Robbins
September 15, 1966 My Three Sons "Stag at Bay" Flame LaRose
1966 (Fall) Green for Danger pilot episode unknown
October 21, 1966 The Wild Wild West "The Night of the Flying Pie Plate" Morn/Maggie
February 17, 1967 Tarzan "Mask of Rona" Beryl
March 29, 1967 Batman "The Duo Defy" Glacia Glaze
March 30, 1967 Batman "Ice Spy" Glacia Glaze
September 22, 1967 Star Trek "Who Mourns for Adonais?" Lt. Carolyn Palamas
October 3, 1967 Good Morning World "World, Buy Calimari" (pilot episode) Audrey Zeiner
October 16, 1967 The Man From U.N.C.L.E. "The Masters Touch Affair" Leslie Welling
January 6, 1968 Iron Horse "Dry Run to Glory" Eve Lewis
February 26, 1968 The Big Valley "A Bounty on a Barkley" Layle Johnson
March 16, 1968 Mannix "The Girl in the Frame" Linda Marley
January 5, 1969 My Friend Tony Voices Lila
March 17, 1969 Family Affair "Speak for Yourself, Mr. French" Emily Travers
October 18, 1969 Mannix "The Playground" Mona
November 8, 1969 Petticoat Junction "The Tenant" Jacquelin Moran
November 16, 1969 To Rome with Love "A Palazzo Is Not a Home" Elaine
December 8, 1969 Love, American Style "Love and the Mountain Cabin" Mrs. Pfister
October 31, 1970 Mannix "The Other Game in Town" T.C.
February 5, 1971 Love, American Style "Love and the Pulitzer Prize" Michelle Turner
February 28, 1971 Hogan's Heroes "Kommandant Gertrude" Karen
November 4, 1971 Bearcats! "Blood Knot" Liz Blake
December 14, 1971 Marcus Welby M.D. "Cross Match" Elaine Perino
January 31, 1972 Cade's County "Slay Ride" - Part 1 Jana Gantry
February 6, 1972 Cade's County "Slay Ride" - Part 2 Jana Gantry
March 10, 1972 O'Hara, U.S. Treasury "Operation: Smokescreen" Olga Miles
December 20, 1972 Adam 12 "Gifts and Long Letters" Sharon Blake
January 8, 1974 The Magician "Shattered Image" Lydia
February 12, 1974 Police Story "The Ripper" Mrs. Delaley
October 13, 1974 McCloud "The Gang That Stole Manhattan" Lynne OConnell
September 13, 1977 Logan's Run "The Collectors" Joanna
April 30, 1978 Police Story "No Margin for Error" Georgie Hayes

Variety show credits (live TV)

Airdate Series title Episode title Role
January 12, 1960 The Red Skelton Show "Clem Kadiddlehopper in Dog Patch" Daisy June
April 4, 1961 The Red Skelton Show "Clem's Theatre" Daisy June
January 23, 1962 The Red Skelton Show "Clem and the Kadiddlehopper Hop" Daisy June

Talk shows

Airdate Series title Notes
November 19, 1962 Here's Hollywood Jack Linkletter (Interviewer) – S.2, Ep.52
May 24, 1966 The Tonight Show Jerry Lewis (guest-host)

Game shows

Series title Notes
The Dating Game several broadcast in the early 1960s
Stump the Stars several broadcast in the 1960s

References

  1. ^ "Full Biography - The Official Leslie Parrish Website". www.leslieparrish.net.
  2. ^ a b Koper, R. (2010). Fifties Blondes: Sexbombs, Sirens, Bad Girls and Teen Queens. BearManor Media. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-59393-521-4. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "19 year-old serves as guinea pig for Color TV". Tuscaloosa News. May 10, 1954. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Looking at Hollywood". Chicago Tribune. No. 14. November 13, 1954. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  5. ^ "Identification Girl". People Today: 55, 56, 57, 58. September 22, 1954.
  6. ^ "Leslie Parrish (1935-)". Brian's Drive-In Theater. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Why can't a starlet save..." Lewiston Evening Journal: 7. December 8, 1954.
  8. ^ "The Private Life and Times of Marjorie Hellen". Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Leslie Parrish". TVGuide.com. TV Guide. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Production diary from 'Who Mourns for Adonais?'". These are the Voyages - Star Trek TOS. Jacobs Brown Press. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  11. ^ "Parrish in Mannix episode". The Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 1968-03-10. p. 161. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  12. ^ "TV Guide listings". The Daily Chronicle (De Kalb, Illinois). April 28, 1979. p. 62.
  13. ^ "Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1973) | Via Vision Entertainment - info relayed by Leslie Parrish for the Blu-ray commentary track"
  14. ^ "Woman Power in the United States". Ramparts: 31. February 1968.
  15. ^ "Woman Power in the United States". Ramparts: 22–31. February 1968.
  16. ^ Green, Paul (2007). Pete Duel: A Biography. McFarland. p. 88. ISBN 978-0786430628.
  17. ^ Faragher, Johnny. "Day of Protest, Night of Violence 1967". Scribd. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  18. ^ a b Green, Paul (2007). Pete Duel: A Biography. McFarland. p. 85. ISBN 978-0786430628.
  19. ^ Burstyn, Ellen (2007). Lessons in Becoming Myself. Penguin. p. 151. ISBN 978-1594482687. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  20. ^ "Leslie Parrish finally shakes 'Daisy Mae' Image" (PDF). Fulton History Newspapers. Weekly Observer. March 3, 1968. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  21. ^ "Blessed are the Educators". Inner Michael. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  22. ^ "Famous Quotes". IZ Quotes. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  23. ^ "War Quotes". Quonation. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  24. ^ Kelly, Kitty (2012). Capturing Camelot: Stanley Tretick's Iconic Images of the Kennedys. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0312643423. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  25. ^ Duggan, Bob. "How Photographer Stanley Tretick Captured Kennedy's Camelot". Big Think. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  26. ^ a b Burstyn, Ellen (2007). Lessons in Becoming Myself. Penguin. p. 154. ISBN 978-1594482687. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  27. ^ Shesol, Jeff (998). Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that Defined a Decade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 412. ISBN 978-0393318555. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  28. ^ Green, Paul (2007). Pete Duel : A Biography. McFarland. p. 84. ISBN 9780786441174.
  29. ^ Green, Paul (2007). Paul Dean: A Biography. McFarland. p. 87. ISBN 9780786441174.
  30. ^ Duncan, David Douglas (1969). Self-Portrait: U.S.A. Harry N. Abrams. pp. 200, 201 (photo). ISBN 978-1199573766.
  31. ^ "The Internet's Most Comprehensive Source of U.S. Political Biography". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  32. ^ Wagner, Eleanor Klein. Independent Political Coalitions, Electoral, Legislative and Community: Oral History Transcript. Forgotten Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-1152521582. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  33. ^ "The Nixon Administration and Watergate". History Commons. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  34. ^ "City March, Rally Draw Huge, Peaceful Crowds". The Sanford Daily. No. 37. Stanford. November 17, 1969. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  35. ^ "Bradley Effect". BallotPedia. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  36. ^ "Leslie Parrish". AmIAnnoying.com. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  37. ^ A Trumpet to Arms - Alternative Media in America. South End Press. 1981. p. 222. ISBN 978-0896081932.
  38. ^ Wagner, Eleanor Klein (1977). Independent Political Coalitions, Electoral, Legislative and Community: Oral History Transcript - 'The Deliberate Destruction of KVST-TV'. Forgotten Books. pp. 106, 107 (pages 10, 11 online text). ISBN 978-1-152-52158-2. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  39. ^ Wagner, Eleanor Klein (1977). Independent Political Coalitions, Electoral, Legislative and Community: Oral History Transcript. Forgotten Books. pp. 251, 252. ISBN 9781152521582. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  40. ^ "Wild Setting". Bioregional Congress. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  41. ^ Bach, Richard (1984). The Bridge Across Forever. Pan Publishing. pp. 254–261. ISBN 9780440108269. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  42. ^ North, Gary (1983). Tactics of Christian Resistance - Chapter: 'Computer Guerrillas' (PDF). Geneva Divinity. pp. 210, 215–218. ISBN 978-0939404070.
  43. ^ Bratt, Chris. "Honoring community voices" (PDF). Applegator. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  44. ^ "TELAV - Threatened and Endangered: Little Applegate Valley". Deep Wild. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  45. ^ "Spring Hill Conservation Easement". San Juan Preservation Trust. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  46. ^ a b "The Private Life and Times of Marjorie Hellen". Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  47. ^ "The Seagull Has Landed". People. April 27, 1992. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  48. ^ "BACH v. PARRISH - No. 60406-6-I - 20081106479". Leagle. November 6, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  49. ^ "Finding Peace and Purpose in a troubled World". Triumph of the Spirit. 6 January 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2015.

Sources

External links

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