Duke of Masovia

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Dukes of Masovia in 1450

Duke of Masovia (Polish: Książę Mazowsza) was a title borne by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth.[1] In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

The following is a list of all rulers of the Duchy of Masovia and its parts. Although not all incumbents listed here had titular rights to the title of Duke of Masovia, they are all listed as such for simplicity's sake.

Also take note that some of the dates are merely approximate and the ownership of certain lands might be disputed. Finally, this table does not include lands ruled by dukes of other parts of partitioned Poland or Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III.

Duchy of Masovia

Partitions of Masovia

The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory.

Duchy of Masovia
(1st creation)
(1138-1275)
Duchy of Czersk
(1st creation)
(1275-1294)
Duchy of Płock
(1st creation)
(1275-1294)
Duchy of Masovia
(Płock line; 2nd creation)
(1294-1313)
Duchy of Warsaw
(1st creation)
(1313-1355)
Duchy of Rawa
(1st creation)
(1313-1355)
Duchy of Płock
(2nd creation)
(1313-1351)
Annexed to Poland
(1355-1370)
Duchy of Masovia
(Warsaw line; 3rd creation)
(1355-1381)
      
Duchy of Warsaw
(2nd creation)
(1381-1495)
Duchy of Płock
(3rd creation)
(1381-1462)
Duchy of Rawa
(2nd creation)
(1426/34-1442)
       Duchy of Bełz
(1426/34-1442)
      
      
Duchy of Czersk
(2nd creation)
(1471-1495)
       Duchy of Płock
(4th creation)
(1471-1495)
Duchy of Masovia
(Czersk line; 4th creation)
(1495-1526)

Dukes of Masovia

Piast Dynasty

Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling Part Consort Notes
Boleslaus (I) the Curly 1125 1138-1173 5 January 1173 Masovia Viacheslava Vsevolodovna of Novgorod
1138
three children

Maria
after 1160
no children
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also Duke of Silesia and monarch of Poland.
Leszek I 1162 1173-1186 1186 Masovia Unmarried Son of Bolesław the Curly.
Casimir (II) the Just 1138 1186-1194 5 May 1194 Masovia Helen of Znojmo
1163
seven children
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also monarch of Poland.
Regency of Helen of Znojmo (1194-1200) Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland, after his abdication of Masovia to his brother Conrad, in 1200, shortly after reaching majority.
Leszek II the White 1184/5 1194-1200 24 November 1227 Masovia Grimislava Ingvarevna of Lutsk
between 1208 and 1211
three children
Conrad I 1187/8 1200-1247 31 August 1247 Masovia Agafia Yaroslavna of Peremyshl
between 1207 and 1210
ten children
Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland.
Boleslaus I 1208 1247-1248 25 February 1248 Masovia Gertrude of Lower Silesia
1232
no children

Anastasia Alexandrovna of Belz
between 1245 and July 1247
no children
Son of Conrad I. Died without descendants.
Siemowit I 1224/8 1248-1262 23 June 1262 Masovia Pereyaslava Danilovna of Halych
1248
three children
Brother of Bolesław I. Killed in a battle against the Lithuanians, who also took his heir prisoner.
Regencies of Pereyaslava Danilovna of Halych and Boleslaus, Duke of Greater Poland (1262-1264) Released after two years of captivity. In 1275 divided the land with his brother Bolesław. After the division of the duchy he received Czersk. His death without male heirs allowed his brother to reunite the Duchy.
Conrad II 1250 1264-1275 24 June or 21 December 1294 Masovia Hedwig of Legnica
1265/70
one child
1275-1294 Czersk
Boleslaus II 1253/8 1275-1294 20 April 1313 Płock Gaudemantė Sophia of Lithuania
1279
three children

Kunigunde of Bohemia
1291
(divorced 1302)
two children
Reunited the duchy after the death of his brother, but after his own death Masovia was divided again.
1294-1313 Masovia
Trojden I 1284/6 1310-1341 13 March 1341 Warsaw Maria Yurievna of Galicia-Volhynia
1309/10
four children
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Czersk during his father's lifetime. After Boleslaus' death, Trojden received more lands in inheritance and made Warsaw his new capital. Put his own son in the throne of Galicia-Volhynia.
Siemowit II 1283 1313-1345 18 February 1345 Rawa Unmarried Son of Boleslaus II, retained Rawa. Left no descendants and his duchy was inherited by his nephews Siemowit III and Casimir I.
Wenceslaus I 1293/7 1313-1336 23 May 1336 Płock Dannila Elisabeth of Lithuania
1316
two children
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Płock.
Regencies of Siemowit II, Duke of Rawa and Trojden I, Duke of Warsaw (1336-1340) Son of Wenceslaus. In 1351 Płock was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Boleslaus III 1322/30 1336-1351 20 August 1351 Płock Unmarried
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland (1351-1370)
Casimir I 1329/31 1341-1349 26 November/5 December 1355 Warsaw Unmarried Sons of Trojden I, ruled jointly. In 1345 inherited Rawa. In 1349 divided the land between them: Siemowit received Warsaw and Casimir Rawa. After Casimir's death without descendants in 1355, Siemowit reunited Masovia. He also brought Płock from Poland in 1370. After his death the duchy was again divided between his sons Janusz I and Siemowit IV.
1345-1355 Rawa
Siemowit III 1320 1341-1355 16 June 1381 Warsaw Euphemia of Opava
1335
five children

Anna of Ziębice
c.1360
three children
1345-1349 Rawa
1355-1381 Masovia
John I the Elder 1347/52 1381-1429 8 December 1429 Warsaw Danutė Anna of Lithuania
1371/3
four children
Son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1391 Duke of Podlasie. Although the division, the duchy of Czersk remained annexed to the duchy of Warsaw.
Siemowit IV the Younger 1353/6 1381-1426 21 January 1426 Płock
(with Rawa)
Alexandra of Lithuania
1387
thirteen children
Son of Siemowit III. Since 1386, was an hereditary vassal of Poland, and, although having lost much of his domain to the Teutonic Order in 1382 (Wizna, Zawkrze, Płońsk), he gained other duchies (Bełz) from Poland.
Trojden II 1403/6 1426-1427 25 July 1427 Płock
(with Rawa)
Unmarried Sons of Siemowit IV, ruled jointly. In 1434 the three surviving brothers divided the land: Siemowit received Rawa, Casimir received Bełz, ad Ladislaus received Płock. The death of Siemowit and Casimir in 1442, both without descendants, allowed Ladislaus to reunite the inheritance of his father (all but Gostynin, town that remained under Siemowit V's widow's control).
Siemowit V 1389 1426-1442 17 February 1442 Rawa
(since 1434)
Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz
bet. 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437
one child
Casimir II 1401/3 1426-1442 15 September 1442 Bełz
(since 1434)
Margareta Szamotuły
26 June 1442
no children
Ladislaus I 1406/9 1426-1455 11/12 December 1455 Płock Anna of Oleśnica
1444
two children
Regency of Anna of Lithuania (1429-1436)
Boleslaus IV 1421 1429-1454 10 September 1454 Warsaw Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy
1440/5
ten children
Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz 1410 1442-1459 5 July 1459 Rawa
(at Gostynin)
Siemowit V
bet. 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437
one child
Received Gostynin as her husband's inheritance. After her death her part rejoined Płock.
Anna of Oleśnica c.1425 1455-1482 After
15 August 1482
Płock
(in Sochaczew (1455-76);
in Koło-Mszczonów
(1476-82))
Ladislaus I
1444
two children
Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly. In 1459 inherited Gostynin from their aunt Margareta. After their deaths, Masovia was again reunited by the sons of Boleslaus IV. Their mother Anna, besides the regency of her sons, had also an independent seat in Sochaczew (1455–76). When this land was annexed to Poland, she received Koło and Mszczonów as compensation (1476–82).
Regencies of Anna of Oleśnica and Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (1455-1459)
Siemowit VI 2 January 1446 1455-1462 31 December 1461/1 January 1462 Płock Unmarried
Ladislaus II After 31 October 1448 27 February 1462 Płock
Regencies of Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy and Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (1454-1462) Sons of Boleslaus IV, ruled jointly under regency. In 1462 they inherited the rest of Masovia, reuniting the Duchy. However in 1471 they made new partitions: Casimir received Płock, however in 1475 abdicated of his lands to his brother Janusz, who hadn't any share of the land since 1471; Conrad received Czersk and Boleslaus Warsaw, which was reunited with Czersk by Conrad after Boleslaus' death in 1488. In 1495, as the last surviving brother in power, he reunited all Masovia definitely.
Casimir III 10 June 1448/8 June 1449 1454-1471 9 June 1480 Warsaw Unmarried
1471-1475 Płock
Boleslaus V c.1453 1454-1488 27 April 1488 Warsaw Anna Radzanów
20 July 1477
(morganatic, annulled 1480)
no children
John II 1455 1454-1471 16 February 1495 Warsaw Unmarried
1475-1495 Płock
Conrad III the Red 1447/8 1454-1471

1488-1495
28 October 1503 Warsaw Magdaena Stawrot
1468/70
(morganatic)
no children

Unknown
bef. 20 July 1477
(morganatic, divorced 1493?)
no children

Anna Radziwiłł
bet. 29 September 1496 and 2 April 1497
four children
1471-1495 Czersk
1495-1503 Masovia
Regency of Anna Radziwiłł (1503-1518) Sons of Conrad III, ruled jointly.
John III 27 September 1502 1503-1526 9/10 March 1526 Masovia Unmarried
Stanisław I 17 May 1501 1503-1524 8 August 1524 Masovia Unmarried
Anna c.1498 1526-1537 After 26 January 1557 Masovia Stanisław Odrowąż
1536
one child
The last Masovian Piast. Sister of Stanislaus and John III. Anna was elected duchess by the nobles to maintain the independence of the Duchy. She forfeited her rights to Poland in 1537.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Bolesław III Wrymouth". Geni.com. 11 November 2022.