Deng Jiaxian
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| 邓稼先 | |||||||||
 Deng in 1949 | |||||||||
| Born | June 25, 1924 | ||||||||
| Died | July 29, 1986 (aged 62) Beijing, People's Republic of China | ||||||||
| Alma mater | |||||||||
| Spouse | Xu Luxi | ||||||||
| Children | 2 | ||||||||
| Scientific career | |||||||||
| Fields | Nuclear physics | ||||||||
| Institutions | China Academy of Engineering Physics | ||||||||
| Thesis | The photo-disintegration of the deuteron (1950) | ||||||||
| Doctoral advisors | |||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 鄧稼先 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 邓稼先 | ||||||||
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Deng Jiaxian, or Chia Hsien Teng (simplified Chinese: 邓稼先; traditional Chinese: 鄧稼先; pinyin: Dèng Jiàxiān; Wade–Giles: Teng Chia-Hsien; June 25, 1924 – July 29, 1986), was a Chinese theoretical physicist, nuclear physicist, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and member of the Central Committee of the Jiusan Society. Deng Jiaxian graduated from the National Southwest Associated University of the Republic of China, then went to the United States to study, and received a doctorate in physics from Purdue University in 1950.[1] Deng Jiaxian made significant contributions to the development of the atomic bomb of the People's Republic of China and was honored as the "Patriot of the Two Bombs". In 1999, he was named the "Patron of the Two Bombs and One Star" by the Chinese government.
Early life and education
Deng Jiaxian was born on June 25, 1924 in Huaining, Anhui, the Republic of China.
His father, Deng Yizhe, studied abroad at Waseda University in Japan and Columbia University in the United States. After returning to China, he taught at Peking University, Tsinghua University and other universities. He is a famous esthetician and art theorist. Deng named his son "Jiaxian" after Zhe, which means that the flourishing crops are called "Jiaxian", which indicates that the crops will be rooted, flourishing and mature in the land of China, and benefit the people. From the age of 5, Deng Jiaxian followed his father to primary school in Peking, and was later admitted to Peking Chongde Middle School. In addition to the primary school curriculum, he also had to read the Four Books and Five Classics and recite ancient poems every day. Later, he studied English hard and specialized in mathematics. His father's strict education laid a comprehensive cultural foundation for Deng Jiaxian's future study and research.[2]
After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese invaders forced Chinese students to hold flags and take to the streets to celebrate the victory of the "Imperial Army". Deng Jiaxian's father was worried that Deng Jiaxian would be persecuted, so he sent him away to Kunming, Yunnan. Upon leaving, Deng Yizhe said to his son: "You must study science, don't be like me, and don't study literature. Studying science is useful to the country." Deng Jiaxian kept his father's instructions in mind and determined to serve the country as a scientist.[2]
After graduating with a major in physics from the National Southwestern Associated University where he was classmate with Nobel laureate Yang Chen-Ning, Deng taught at Peking University. He went to the United States in 1948 to study at Purdue University, and earned his PhD in physics in 1950 at the age of 26. His doctoral supervisor was Frederic Bellinfant, and his doctoral thesis was titled "The Photo-disintegration of the Deuteron".[3] A few days after receiving his doctorate, he boarded the President Wilson to develop scientific careers in mainland China.[citation needed]
Career
Deng Jiaxian served as assistant researcher and associate researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1956.[citation needed]
From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working secretly with a team of young scientists including Qian Sanqiang under the Two Bombs, One Satellite program on the development of the nuclear and hydrogen bomb for China, culminating in success in 1964 and 1967. In 1958, he was appointed director of the Theoretical Department of the Ninth Institute of the Ministry of Machinery. In 1972, he was appointed as deputy director of the Ninth Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. He served as the director of the Ninth Research Institute. April 9, 1982, the State Council appointed Deng Jiaxian as deputy director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry (the director was Jiang Shengjie, and the other deputy director was Wang Ganchang). In June 1986, the Central Military Commission appointed Deng Jiaxian as the director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, Deputy Director of the Committee’s Science and Technology Committee, Member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.[citation needed]
Deng Jiaxian is an important pioneer and founder of China's nuclear weapons cause. He has made outstanding contributions to China's nuclear science cause and is known as the "two bombs hero." In the research of nuclear bombs and hydrogen bombs, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport, etc., conducted a large number of simulation calculations and analyzes of the physical processes of atomic bombs, and took the lead in China's independent research on nuclear weapons. the first step. He led the completion of the theoretical plan for the atomic bomb and participated in guiding the detonation simulation tests of nuclear tests. After the atomic bomb test was successful, forces were immediately organized to explore the design principles of the hydrogen bomb and select technical approaches. During his lifetime, he participated in a total of 32 nuclear tests conducted by China, of which he personally went to Lop Nur to command the test team 15 times.[citation needed]
Deng is regarded as the "Father of China's Nuclear Program". In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Award for his contributions to Chinese military science, along with 22 other scientists.[4][5]
Publications
- Collected articles on Deng Jiaxian[6]
- Deng Jiaxian Academic Lectures I
- Deng Jiaxian's Academic Lectures II-Quantum Field Theory (rearranged version) 2014 Peking University Press
- Deng Jiaxian's Academic Lectures III-Group Theory (rearranged edition) 2014 Peking University Press
- "Angular Correlation of Beta Decay"
- "Effects of Radiation Loss on Free Vibration in Accelerators"
- "Deformation of Hydrogen Nucleus"
- "Summary of theoretical research on China's first atomic bomb"[2]
Personal life
Cultural Revolution
As one of the most significant scholars in China during the Cultural Revolution, Deng Jiaxian found himself in peril. In 1969, during the purge of class forces, he and many nuclear weapons scientists were criticized by the "Two Zhaos" of the Military Control Commission at Qinghai Base Factory 221. Explosives expert Qian Jin was beaten to death.[7] According to Xu Luxi, Mrs. Deng, it happened that Sino-US relations were thawing (refer to Ping Pong Diplomacy). In July 1971, Yang Zhenning visited relatives in the People's Republic of China for the first time and wanted to reunite with Deng Jiaxian.[8] Zhou Enlai recalled Deng Jiaxian to Beijing, and Deng Jiaxian left Qinghai. During the Cultural Revolution persecution, Yu Min, Chen Nengkuan, and Hu Side were also saved. Since then, no one has dared to endanger the lives of scientists in the 221 Factory.[7]
Family and relationship
Wife: Xu Luxi (August 11, 1928-) [9] Daughter of Xu Deheng.
Daughter: Deng Zhidian (October 1954-)[10]
Son: Deng Zhiping (November 1956-)
See also
- Project 596
- Two Bombs, One Satellite
- Abdul Qadeer Khan
- Bertrand Goldschmidt
- Homi J. Bhabha
- Igor Kurchatov
- J. Robert Oppenheimer
- William Penney, Baron Penney
References
- ^ "缅怀邓稼先 揭秘"两弹元勋"感人生平事迹-高原、关哲". www.guancha.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ a b c "邓稼先：如果有来生，我还选择中国----中国科学院". www.cas.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ TENG, CHIA HSIEN (1950-01-01). "THE PHOTO-DISINTEGRATION OF THE DEUTERON". Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest: 1–48.
- ^ "邓稼先----中国科学院学部". casad.cas.cn. Archived from the original on 2023-01-29. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ "百年瞬间丨两弹元勋邓稼先_共产党员网". www.12371.cn. Archived from the original on 2023-03-05. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ "Collection: Collected articles on Deng Jiaxian | Archives and Special Collections". archives.lib.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ a b "两弹元勋背后的女人（上、中、下）（倪既新）". www.shkpzx.com. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ "破冰之旅：1971年杨振宁率先回国，受周恩来接见近5小时(组图)". web.archive.org. 2021-04-09. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ "《祝贺"两弹元勋"邓稼先夫人许鹿希九十华诞》："许鹿希出生于1928年8月11日。"".
- ^ "邓稼先与许鹿希的旷世爱情". web.archive.org. 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2024-03-28.