Bled agreement (1947)
The Bled agreement (also referred to as the "Tito–Dimitrov treaty") was signed on 1 August 1947 by Georgi Dimitrov and Josip Broz Tito in Bled, PR Slovenia, FPR Yugoslavia and paved the way for a future unification of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in a new Balkan Federation. It also foresaw the unification of Vardar Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia and the return of Western Outlands to Bulgaria. The agreement abolished visas and allowed for a customs union. It was also the first time that Bulgaria recognized ethnic Macedonians and the Macedonian language.
These agreements marked the mutual aspirations and efforts to develop new relations between the two countries. They agreed that the government will take over NR Bulgaria to ensure the rights of ethnic Macedonians in Pirin Macedonia (now Blagoevgrad Province) in free national economic and cultural development. The Bled agreement was accepted with the "Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance" between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, signed and published in Evksinograd. The treaty contains several agreements on: economic cooperation, customs facilitation, preparation of a customs union, facilitation of border crossings, border crossing on the border of population and of the citizenship between the two countries. The Yugoslav Government waived $25 million in war damages owed by Bulgaria towards Yugoslavia.
However, differences soon emerged between Tito and Dimitrov with regard to both the future joint country and the Macedonian question. Whereas Dimitrov envisaged a state where Yugoslavia and Bulgaria would be placed on an equal footing and Macedonia would be more or less attached to Bulgaria, Tito saw Bulgaria as a seventh republic in an enlarged Yugoslavia tightly ruled from Belgrade.[2] Their differences also extended to the national character of the Macedonians; whereas Dimitrov considered them to be an offshoot of the Bulgarians,[3] Tito regarded them as an independent nation which had nothing to do whatsoever with the Bulgarians.[4] The initial tolerance for the Macedonization of Pirin Macedonia gradually grew into outright alarm.
The policies resulting from the agreement were reversed after the Tito–Stalin split in June 1948, when Bulgaria, not wanting to be a seventh republic of Yugoslavia as Tito imagined and being tied to the interests of the Soviet Union, took a stance against Yugoslavia.[5] When the Cominform campaign against Yugoslavia severed the Yugoslav Communist Party leadership, the government of Bulgaria on 1 October 1949 deleted the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance of Bled with all its agreements. A CIA document from November 1948, declassified in 2011, outlines the tensions between the two countries and the outlook of the people of Yugoslav Macedonia.[6]
See also
Notes
- ^ http://macedonia.kroraina.com/pamphlets/bled_1947.htm
- ^ H.R. Wilkinson Maps and Politics. A Review of the Ethnographic Cartography of Macedonia, Liverpool, 1951. pp. 311–312.
- ^ Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise, Viktor Meier, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1134665113, p. 183.
- ^ Hugh Poulton Who are the Macedonians?, C. Hurst & Co, 2000, ISBN 1850655340. pp. 107–108.
- ^ Stavrianos (1964)
- ^ CIA Information report, November 1948 "YUGOSLAV-BULGARIAN TENSION IN THE YUGOSLAV-MACEDONIA REGION"
References
- Stavrianos, L. (1964) Balkan Federation: A History of the Movement Toward Balkan Unity in Modern Times. (Hamden, CT: Archon Books).
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