Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba

Coordinates: 20°01′48″N 75°23′29″W / 20.03000°N 75.39139°W / 20.03000; -75.39139
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Cafetal La Isabelica, ancient coffee plantation in foothills of Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
LocationSantiago de Cuba Province and Guantánamo Province, Cuba
CriteriaCultural: (iii), (iv)
Reference1008
Inscription2000 (24th Session)
Area81,475 ha (314.58 sq mi)
Coordinates20°01′48″N 75°23′29″W / 20.03000°N 75.39139°W / 20.03000; -75.39139
Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba is located in Cuba
Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba
Location of Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba in Cuba

The Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba are the remains of several 19th-century coffee plantations located in the foothills of the Sierra Maestra. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, eastern Cuba was primarily involved with coffea cultivation. The remnants of the plantations display the techniques used in the difficult terrain, as well as the economic and social significance of the plantation system in Cuba and the Caribbean.[1]

In 2000, the Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.[2]

Description

The World Heritage site includes 171 19th and early 20th-century coffee plantations ('cafetales') across southeast Cuba, grouped into seven distinct locations:[1]

ID Name Coordinates
1008-001 La Gran Piedra 20°00′42″N 75°37′51″W / 20.01167°N 75.63083°W / 20.01167; -75.63083 (La Gran Piedra)
1008-002 El Cobre 20°03′09″N 75°56′36″W / 20.05250°N 75.94333°W / 20.05250; -75.94333 (El Cobre)
1008-003 Dos Palmas Contramaestre 20°02′59″N 76°05′01″W / 20.04972°N 76.08361°W / 20.04972; -76.08361 (Dos Palmas Contramaestre)
1008-004 Yateras 20°21′35″N 74°58′49″W / 20.35972°N 74.98028°W / 20.35972; -74.98028 (Yateras)
1008-005 El Salvador 20°17′58″N 75°16′24″W / 20.29944°N 75.27333°W / 20.29944; -75.27333 (El Salvador)
1008-006 Niceto Pérez 20°08′31″N 75°19′36″W / 20.14194°N 75.32667°W / 20.14194; -75.32667 (Niceto Pérez)
1008-007 Guantanamo 20°12′43″N 75°12′00″W / 20.21194°N 75.20000°W / 20.21194; -75.20000 (Guantanamo)

The plantations are in different states of preservation, from the Cafetal Isabelica, which is fully restored, so some that are completely ruined.[1] However, they all follow a similar layout. In the center of the plantation is the owner's residence, generally built in the style of Basque architecture, adapted for a tropical climate.[3] Surrounding the owner's house were the slave quarters, made of flimsy wood and roofed with branches and leaves.[3] Each plantation also includes a terraced drying floor ('secadero') for coffee bean preparation and other buildings for milling and roasting.[1]

History

French colonizers established coffee plantations in the 18th century on the island of Hispaniola, but the independence of Haiti in 1804 caused them to flee to Cuba, which was then under Spanish rule.[3] During the 19th century, many coffee plantations were established across the Sierra Maestra, but they were unable to compete with the coffee plantations of Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica in the early 20th century, and gradually declined.[3] Today, only a few coffee plantations are still in operation.

  • Cafetal Isabelica, Mill to process beans
    Cafetal Isabelica, Mill to process beans
  • Cafetal Isabelica, Drying place called secadero or tendal
    Cafetal Isabelica, Drying place called secadero or tendal
  • Cafetal Isabelica, Tools and slave chains
    Cafetal Isabelica, Tools and slave chains
  • Cafetal Isabelica, Interior of the property
    Cafetal Isabelica, Interior of the property

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba".
  2. ^ "World Heritage Committee Inscribes 61 New Sites on World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d International Council on Monuments and Sites (15 September 1999). Coffe Plantations (Cuba) (Report). Retrieved 29 May 2021.