Ambisontes
The Ambisontes (Gaulish: 'those around the Isontia') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Salzach valley during the Roman period.
Name
They are mentioned as Ambisontes by Pliny (1st c. AD),[1] and as Ambēsóntioi (Ἀμβησόντιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).[2]
The Gaulish ethnonym Ambisontes means 'the people from around the Isontia', stemming from the root *amb(i)- ('around, on both sides') attached to the name of the river Isontia (modern Salzach).[3][4] The hydronym itself, while not necessarily Celtic, is most likely of Indo-European origin, and can be derived from the stem *[h₁]ish₁-ont- ('she who moves quickly').[5]
Geography
The Ambisontes lived in the upper valley of the Salzach river. Their territory was situated north of the Saevates and Laianci, south of the Alauni, and east of the Breuni and Cosuanetes.[6]
History
They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.[1]
References
- ^ a b Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:20.
- ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:13:2.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 41.
- ^ de Bernardo Stempel 2015, p. 89.
- ^ Falileyev 2010, s.v. Ambisontes.
- ^ Talbert 2000, Map 19: Raetia.
Primary sources
- Pliny (1938). Natural History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674993648.
Bibliography
- de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2015). "Zu den keltisch benannten Stämmen im Umfeld des oberen Donauraums". In Lohner-Urban, Ute; Scherrer, Peter (eds.). Der obere Donauraum 50 v. bis 50 n. Chr. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-7329-0143-2.
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.
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